Vanhu vangani vari "Titanic"? Vangani akapona uye sei vanhu vazhinji vakafa pamusoro "Titanic"?

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinosuwisa uye panguva imwecheteyo chakavanzika zviitiko XX remakore ndiye pokuwa guru mutakurwi liner nguva yaro - "Titanic". Vachiri kuenda gakava zvikuru pamusoro mashoko rufu rwake, kuti vanhu vazhinji vakanga vari "Titanic", vangani vavo akapona uye vangani vakaurayiwa, ane mhosva yaiva nenjodzi. Ngatiedzei kanenge aoma kunzwisisa nuances izvi.

History of chivakwa

Kuti uzive kuti vanhu vazhinji vakanga vari "Titanic", iwe unofanira kutanga kuona uwandu vatakurwi uye rikarira nhengo, izvozvo zvinogona kukwanisa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, isu yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nhoroondo kuvakwa ane penyanza liner.
Pfungwa rakasikwa hofori mutakurwi chikepe yakaitika nokuda rikwanise makwikwi pakati makambani "White Star Line" uye "Cunard". Last dzesangano akanga akwanisa kusika makuru intercontinental ndege wandei, remasangano nguva yaro. Sezvingatarisirwa, kambani "White Star Line" ndisingadi kuwa shure. Saka akaberekwa pfungwa paakasika "Titanic", waiva kutyora zvinyorwa pakukura uye tichikwanisa.

Construction rakatanga muchirimo 1909 panguva shipyard muna Belfast oenda kuIreland. Pakuvaka vaRafa ichi vakatora chikamu vanopfuura hafu chiuru vashandi. Zvakavakwa pamureza nzira nokuda nguva nenguva iyo chinjikira mungarava keel nasazhivajut tote.

Zuva chitubu 1911 "Titanic" pakupedzisira kwakatangwa. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti chivako kwapera. Next ndiyo kugadzwa midziyo injini mukamuri uye chose basa.

In February 1912 chikepe kwakanga kare Akanyatsogadzirira, uye muna April akaiswa kushanda.

Magadzirirwo kuti "Titanic"

"Titanic" panguva yaro rezvisikwa raiva kupfuura chikepe nokusingaperi asati. Kureba kwayo kwakanga 259,8 m, nokukwirira - 18.4 m, noupamhi - anopfuura 28 m, mumwe precipitate - 10,54 m, misha -. 52.310 m, Weight - 46.330 M In iyi, ine inokwana 55,000 horsepower uye munhu pamusoro kumhanya 24 nokusunungura mapfundo, chakarehwa kubudirira kuburikidza screws matatu, maviri mana humburumbira injini uye mumwe hwemvura turbine. miganhu izvi uye kuvapo gumi partitions akasika fungidziro kuti mafashamo.

Zvino ngationei kuti vanhu vangani vari muchikepe "Titanic" aigona kuiswa panguva imwecheteyo. Maererano nokurondedzerwa, chikepe anobvumawo 2,556 vakatakurwa uye 908 rikarira nhengo. Total - 3464 vanhu. Panguva iyoyo pasi "Titanic" akanga lifeboats 20 chete, izvo aigona kutakura 1,178 vanhu vose. Kureva, kunyange pakutanga vakafunga kuti ugoponeswa chiitiko hombe-pamwero njodzi kuti kukwanisa kupfuura hafu yevanhu vaya Tingangonyanya kuva mungarava. Asi, kupfuura zvose, hapana kunyange akafunga kuti njodzi yakadaro zvingaitika panguva chikepe "unsinkable".

Asi, chokwadi, zvinogona vanokwanisa chikepe arege kupa mhinduro yakarurama kuti mubvunzo, sei vanhu vakawanda pamusoro "Titanic" panguva njodzi. Izvi ichakurukurwa pazasi.

chaienda

Ake okutanga, sezvo zvikazooneka Papera, wokupedzisira kutiza "Titanic" akaita nenzira Southampton (UK) - New York (US) kuburikidza Atlantic Ocean. Kuenda yakanzi yaizotongwa April 10, 1912.

Akagadzwa mukuru Edward Dzhon Smit - chimwe chezvinhu ruzivo vezvikepe nguva. Shure zvakanga makumi nemashanu chiitiko murayiro.

Pashure rokukwidza vanhu pamusoro yakatarwa zuva at 12:00 "Titanic" akafamba rwendo rwake kokupedzisira.

Uwandu vakatakurwa uye vashandi

Zvino ngatiite vachiri kuziva kuti vanhu vakawanda vaiva "Titanic", akatanga ake yenhamo rwendo.

Maererano pamutemo nhau, uwandu vashandi chikepe sezvo haazotaurwizve kubva Southampton aiva vanhu 891. Izvi, 390 murayiro wengarava, vasere vacho vaitarira, uye vamwe - tsvimbo.

With kuverengwa vatakurwi zviri zvikuru kwakatooma, nekuti nhamba kwavo dzichichinja. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti vamwe vatakurwi yaiburuka, uye vamwe, nekusiyana, vanomutswa mungarava panguva zvenguva ichimbomira pana Cherbourg uye Queenstown.

From Southampton akafamba 943 vatakurwi, iro 195 vanhu kuenda kirasi yokutanga. Asi pakazosvika nguva hayo yomugungwa mutakurwi nhamba yakawedzera vanhu 1317. In kirasi yokutanga ndakanga rombo zvakakwana wokufamba 324 metres vavo, muna vaiva wechipiri nowechitatu, ukuwo, 128 uye 708 vanhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati vakatakurwa akanga akapindwa vana 125.

Saka, tinoona kuti zvachose mutakurwi anokwanisa "Titanic" muna 2556 vanhu zvayo okutanga nookupedzisira rwendo zvakanzi paIndaneti zvishoma kupfuura hafu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ushandiswe nhamba nezvikepe zvaisazova zvakakwana kunyange kuponesa vose vatakurwi, tisingatauri chikwata chacho.

Pakati akakurumbira vatakurwi kuti "Titanic" anogona kusiyaniswa shoroma Dzhona Dzheykoba Astor uye Benjamin Guggenheim, wenhau William paumambo, Assistant US President Archibald Bata.

Nokudaro, hatina vakapindura mubvunzo, sei vanhu vakawanda pamusoro "Titanic".

kushambira

Sezvambotaurwa, pashure kudana pana Cherbourg uye Queenstown liner vakapinda hayo gungwa, uye akaenda pamusoro transatlantic yokuGungwa nemahombekombe North America. "Titanic" yakatogadzirwa kumhanya 21 change pasi 24 change sezvinobvira.

Pavaifamba, mamiriro ekunze akanga akakwana. Hazvibetseri swimming rakaitirwa pasina zviitiko uye zvarakasiya kubva kosi.

April 14, 1912, une dzinokwana 2689 makiromita ose Atlantic nzira, "Titanic" kwasvika pfungwa pedyo Newfoundland paiva ake dzinouraya kusangana nomunhu iceberg.

kudhumhana

Icebergs chaizvo kakawanda, "vafambi pamwe" ngarava iri North Atlantic. Asi "Titanic" zvaifamba, zvaifungwa zvazvingava yakachengeteka, iyo panguva iyoyo, ice kutigumbura havafaniri kuva. Kunyange zvakadaro, musi waApril 14 pakati pousiku, nzvimbo yavo musangano.

Vazhinji vakabvuma kuti nemhaka rima, ngarava vashandi havana kuona iceberg. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi. wakarindira ake akaona apo ngarava yacho yaiva chinhambwe 650 metres kubva iceberg.

Pangosvika chikwata akapiwa "zvakaoma munhu-pachiteshi" uye "Full Back". Asi zvakanga vanyanyononoka. kwakadaro chikepe guru sezvinoita "Titanic", vaisagona kubudirira kuita zvakadaro rakamanikana nzvimbo. The kudhumhana kwakaitika pa 23:40.

Zvakamubaya haana simba zvikuru. Asi kunyange izvi zvakanga zvakakwana kuti kuridza zvinouraya basa nhamo dzakawanda vanhu uye vashandi nhengo. Vanhu vangani vakafa pamusoro "Titanic" nokuti ichi dzinouraya furidza ...

Mushure kudhumhana pamwe iceberg yakaumbwa mumakomba matanhatu nezvikamu zvishanu. Pakutanga kwezana zviitiko "Titanic" hazvina kugadzirirwa. Command akaziva kuti njodzi chikepe rakanamwa. Akagadzira akati kuti chikepe achagara pamusoro pemvura kwerinopfuura hafu yeawa.

mutakurwi kubvisa

Panongotanga hurongwa hwakapiwa kuti Kununurwa vatakurwi, kunyanya vakadzi nevana. The chikwata vakagadzira chikepe.

Kuti udzivise kutya ratanga, vari achivanza zvikonzero kwechokwadi kubvisa ari mubhazi, dzichiti riri kuitwa sezvo tizvidzivirire zvinobvira kudhumhana ane iceberg. Vabvume vanhu ava haana kuoma, nokuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakamubaya pamusoro "Titanic" akanga anenge asina kuoneka. Vazhinji havaiti kunyange kuda kusiya kwekugadzikana chikepe uye kuchinja kuti chikepe.

Asi kana mvura yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma chokusatongofashamidzazve chikepe kuvanza mamiriro ezvinhu vechokwadi zvakanga zvisingaiti. On bhodhi paiva kutya, iyo yakawedzera mushure "Titanic" akatanga kunyora. Zvakava pachena kuti zvose zvikepe haingatikwaniri. Crush akatanga. Munhu wose aida kuva pakati vakapukunyuka, kunyange chikwata akaedza tisangosiya zvose zvinoitwa zvikurukuru vakadzi nevana.

maawa maviri pashure pakati pousiku kubva kunyura nechikepe chikepe wokupedzisira vanhu. Vanhu vakasara aifanira kutakura kupfuura chinhu.

Rufu "Titanic"

Zvichakadai, dzakawanda mvura akazadza chikepe. Yokutanga zambuko akanga pasi mafashamo. chikepe uta akaenda pasi mumvura, uye zvokudya, nekusiyana, akamuka zvishoma uchikwira. Ipapo vakamhanya vakasiiwa "Titanic" vanhu.

Sezvo ichizadza pakona pakati mhuno uye shure muchikepe rakatanga kukura, zvichiita kuti chokwadi chokuti "Titanic" rwakoromoka migove miviri. At 2:20 chikepe pakupedzisira rikanyura.

Asi sei vanhu vazhinji vakafa pamusoro "Titanic"? Vakapona kana kupfuura rimwe dzasara vatakurwi uye rikarira nhengo mungarava? Uye kuti vanhu vangani vakaponeswa kubva "Titanic"? Ndivo mibvunzo tichaedza kupindura pazasi.

Number vanhu vakapukunyuka

Kuti uzive kuti vanhu vazhinji vakafa pamusoro "Titanic", unofanira kutsanangura zviviri zvaida chiyamuro. Navo zvichiita kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Chokutanga, unofanira kufunga kuti vanhu vazhinji vakanga vari "Titanic". Izvi ndizvo zvatakaziva vanozivikanwa pamusoro. Unofanirawo kuziva kuti vanhu vakawanda vakaponeswa kubva "Titanic". Below tichaedza kupindura mubvunzo uyu.

Maererano pamutemo uwandu, izvozvo vakakwanisa kuponesa dzinokwana vanhu 712. Izvi, 212 vashandi nhengo uye 500 varimo. Kudeuka chikamu vanhu vakaponeswa - pakati vomuzana kirasi mubhazi, 62%. Kuwanda vakapona mugiredhi rechipiri uye rechitatu raiva ukuwo, 42.6% uye 25.6%. Panyaya iyi, chikwata nhengo vaigona kuponesa 23.6 chete%.

Izvi nhamba dziri akatsanangura ndechokuti murayiro wakapiwa rokutanga nzvimbo kuponesa vatakurwi, kwete vashandi. An kuwedzera nhamba vachapona vaifamba mukirasi yokutanga, ane sezvo chikonzero chacho kuti rezasi mukirasi, anowedzera riri papi nechepamusoro muchikepe. Somugumisiro, vanhu vane zvishoma kuwana lifeboats.

Kana isu kutaura sei vanhu vakawanda pamusoro "Titanic" wakasara pakati vakatakurwa uye vashandi nhengo vasingagoni akatozotamiswa, ipapo pano zvakafanira kusimbisa chokwadi kuti kuponesa upenyu hwake izvi zvinhu, zvakanga hazvitomboiti. Kushivirira pokuwa muchikepe vakanwa zvose naye mugomba rakadzikadzika.

Zvino isu hatingazvirumbidzi zvakaoma kuziva kuti vanhu vazhinji vakanyura pamusoro "Titanic".

Vanhu vangani vakafa?

Sarudza kuti vanhu vakawanda vakapona pamusoro "Titanic", uyewo kureva yepakutanga nhamba vanhu uye rikarira nhengo, zviri nyore kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro nhamba yevaya vakaurayiwa mutsaona.

Vakaurayiwa vanhu 1496, kureva anopfuura 67% yevanhu vaiva muchikepe panguva kudhumhana chete chando chinhu chinogumbura. Kusanganisira 686 vaifira pakati vashandi nhengo uye 810 varimo. Izvi inofananidza taura pamusoro sangano yakaipa kununura vanhu pakutambudzika.

Saka, takaona kuti vanhu vazhinji vakafa vari "Titanic."

Zvinokonzera njodzi

Zvakaoma kutonga sei makuru nhengo waini rikarira vakanga vasingagoni panguva kuona iceberg. Asi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kurwisana kwakaitika pousiku, kuwedzera rusununguko apo panguva ino yegore hapana kutarisirwa kuona chando nechigumbuso.

Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti vagadziri muchikepe uye musangano zvinenge kushambira zvakare unsinkable "Titanic." Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, chikepe raiva chete nehafu nhamba inodiwa lifeboats. Uyewo, sangano iri kubvisa nhengo dzechikwata havana kuziva chaiyo kukwanisa kwavo, saka lifeboats okutanga vakaguta chete hafu.

Vanhu vangani vakafa pamusoro "Titanic", sei mhuri dzakawanda dzakarasikirwa hama dzavo chete nemhaka yokuti hapana kunyange wambonyatsofungisisa mukana njodzi ...

zvichireva dambudziko guru

Zvakaoma kuona matambudziko kuti akava rufu "Titanic" mupfungwa vakararama panguva. Zvakaonekwa sechinhu achipindura zvakasikwa kuti zvido zvevanhu, izvo kuzvikudza kwavo akanga asarudza kuti akanga aita munhu unsinkable chikepe.

Pakati penyanzvi tiri pakanga nharo pamusoro zvinokonzera vechokwadi nenhamo uye chokwadi kana zvaigoneka kudzivisa nayo, kuti vanhu vazhinji vakapona pamusoro "Titanic" uye vangani vakafa.

Kufa chishamiso ichi pfungwa dzevanhu achiri excites pfungwa vanhu. Njodzi iyi inokanganisa tsika kusvikira nhasi. Njodzi "Titanic" uye vanhu vakanga varimo panguva yacho tsaona, nyora mabhuku uye kuti mafirimu.