Deimos naPhobos. "Kutya" uye "Kutya"

Deimos naPhobos zviduku nezvose zvakasikwa zvemashamwari emuvakidzani wedu, Mars. Pasinei nemazita avo anonyanyisa, vanotarisa vachienzanisa nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvimwe zvekumatenga zvezuva. Kunyange zvakadaro, "Kutya" uye "Kutya" kunoendesa Mars mumhepo inoputika inoputika, iyo inokosha zvikuru kuvatsvakurudzi uye inofarira zvikuru vazivi veprophysicists.

Kufanotaura kwemunyori

Vashomanana vanoziva kuti kuwanikwa kwemasetelliti eMarichi kwakatanga kuitika kwete mumutambo, asi mumapeji ebasa rakakurumbira raJonathon Swift "The Adventures of Gulliver." Iyo protagonist mune imwe yezvitsauko, masayendisiti anobva kuchitsuwa chinoputika reLaputa akatiudza pamusoro pemitumbi miviri yavakawana, vachifamba-famba pedo neMaric. Nhau yezviitiko zveGulliver yakaonekwa mukutanga kwezana remakore rechisere. Kuwanikwa kwesayenzi kwePhobos neDeimos kwakaitika nguva yakareba - muna 1877. A. Hall yakazviita panguva yekurwa kukuru kweRed Planet. Kuvhura kunofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: zvakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekubudirira kwakanyanya kwemamiriro ekunze uye basa rinoshamisa remusayendisiti, uyo ane arsenal zvaingova zvipfeko zvisina kukwana zvekupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe.

Crumbs

Deimos nePhobos hazviwaniki pakudzidza nemichina yekuita amateur nekuda kwekukura kwavo. Iyo yakawanda kakawanda pane Mwedzi. Dhiyabhorosi Deimos ndiyo chinhu chiduku chiduku chakafanana muSolar system yose. Phobos yakakura kudarika "shamwari", asiwo haigoni kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pemasimba. Kubvira pakutanga kwe nguva ye cosmonautics, zvose zvinhu zvakadzidzwa nekubatsira kwezvikwata zvakawanda: Viking-1, Mariner-9, Phobos, Mars-Express. Munguva yekutsvakurudza, mifananidzo yemasetelliti yakawanikwa, uyewo dhesi pamusoro pemamiriro ehupenyu hwavo nekunyorwa.

Kubva

Kusvika parizvino, mubvunzo wekuti ma satellite aibva kuMaris haana kujeka. Imwe yezvingashandurwa zvinoreva kuti Deimos naPhobos ndivo asteroids yakatorwa neRed Planet. Uye vanofungidzira kuti ivo vaibva kumativi akare enyika yezuva kana kuti vakaumbwa kunze kwemiganhu yayo. Masayendisiti mashoma asina kukodzera anoshevedza hypothesis yekwakabva ma satellite kubva kubhandi guru re asteroids. Zvichida chimwe chikamu mukuonekwa kwe "yakadaro" muMarisi yakatambidzwa neGiant Jupiter, ine simba rine simba rekuvhiringidza nzira dzese dze asteroid dzinopfuura.

"Kutya"

Phobos ndiyo satellite yakapedzisira yava pedyo . Kungofanana neDeimos, ine chimiro chisina kujeka uye inofamba mumutambo unenge wakakomba pedyo neMaric. Phobos inogara ichienda kune nyika nerutivi rumwe, iyo yakafanana neMwedzi. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechiitiko chisinganzwisisiki chenguva yekufambisa kwemuviri wakakomberedza Mars nekupoteredza nheyo yayo.

Nzira yePhobos iri pedyo neRed Planet. Maererano nevasayendisiti, iyo satanasi pasi pekuita kwebasa reMarrosi inopera zvishoma nezvishoma (zvishomanana kudarika masentimita gumi pagore). Mune ramangwana riri kure, anotyisidzirwa kuparadzwa. Pamwe mumakore anenge mamiriyoni gumi nemana, Phobos ichawira kuMaric, kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma, mumakore emamiriyoni manomwe, ichaputswa nemasimba ekugadzirisa enyika uye inoumboteredza ichindori chemarara.

Surface

Phobos uye Deimos ma satelliti akafukidzwa nemitambo yemisangano nemameteorite. Pasi pese iri yakafukidzwa nemakona emhando dzakasiyana. Iyo huru pane iyo iri paPhobos. Iyo yakareba yekona iri makiromita 10, pakuenzanidza, ukuru hwetabhenekeri pachayo iine 27 ne 21 km. Hosha yakasiya nzira yakadaro inogona kutungamirira nyore nyore kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwemuviri uyu wepasi.

Nzvimbo yePhobos ine chimwe chimwe chinhu chinoparadzanisa ichi kubva kune "shamwari". Idzi idzi dzinofananidzwa nemasero akaenzana kusvika kumamita mazana emamita akafara, achigara munzvimbo yakakura. Kubva kwavo kwakaramba kuri chakavanzika. Pasi pemafungiro evasayendisiti, vanogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yenharo ine simba kana kuva nemigumisiro yekunakidza kwe Mars.

"Kutya"

Deimos inoyera 15 nemakiromita gumi nemaviri uye inotenderera kune imwe nzira yakakura kure nePhobos: kureba kwenyika kunenge makiromita 23.5 zviuru. Imwe inotendeuka Mars "Horror" inotora maawa makumi matatu nemaminitsi gumi nemana, iyo inenge yakareba kwenguva yakareba kudarika nguva yezuva panyika uye kanopfuura katatu zvakaderera pane kufamba kwePhobos. Anokwana kubhururuka nepasi rose maawa manomwe nemaminitsi makumi matatu nemakumi mana.

Deimos, kusiyana ne "shamwari" yake haisi kuzowa. Mamwe masayendisiti anoratidza kuti chiitiko chinotyisa che "Horror" ndechokukunda kukwezva kwaMar uye kupinda munzvimbo.

Maitiro

Kwenguva refu yakaramba ichinzwisisika kuti vanovanza Deimos naPhobos mukati. Masayendisiti aiziva bedzi nezvekusava nechokwadi kwehutano hwemitumbi iyi, yakarongerwa muchiito chekucherechedza kubva pasi. Mukubatana nedzimwe nhoroondo, pfungwa dzakaisvonaka zvikuru dzakasimuka pamusoro pezvinhu zvipi zvaiperekedzwa neMaric. Phobos uye Deimos mune mamwe mafungiro zvakarongerwa semasellelliti akavhara maitiro, akasika munguva yekare uye, zvichida, nekubudirira kweimwe nyika.

Mushure mekudzidza zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa necraftcraft, yakawanikwa kuti "rakaputika" yeMaris yakafanana ne asteroids, kureva, zvinhu zvechisikigo. Izvo huwandu henyaya pane satelliti hwakarongerwa panenge 2 g / cm ³ . Chiratidzo chakafanana chinowanikwa mune mamwe meteorites. Nhasi, kuderera kwema Mars satellites kunotsanangurwa nezvinokosha zvekugadzirisa kwavo: zvichida Phobos neDeimos zvinosanganiswa nemasanganiswa emarombo-rich-rock nema ice. Pamusoro pezvo, mifananidzo yepacecraft inoratidza kuti pamusoro pechinhu chiri pedyo neMaric chakafukidzwa nemamita yakadzika yevhu, rakafanana ne regolith yemwedzi.

"Kudzoka" kweRoot Planet kuchiri nezvakawanda zvakavanzika, saka pakati pevadzidzisi vezvidzidzo mapurogiramu ezvikepe kune iyo inogara ichigadzirwa. Anofarira zvikuru Mars pachake. Mune mamwe mapurogiramu inofungidzirwa somunhu akafanirwa kugadzirira terraforming kana nzvimbo yakakodzera yekubviswa kwezvimwe zvinhu. Uyewo mumasayendisiti, pakutanga, tarisiro inofadza yekuisa zvidzidzo zvekutanga paMwedzi uye ipapo Mars inokurukurwa zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, kuongorora zvinhu zvakadaro kunogona kuunza ruzivo kwete kwete ivo pachavo, asiwo nezvemazuva, maitiro uye maitiro. Uye kunyange pamusoro pezvinhu zvose sezvose.