Kuita sulfuric acid. Nzira dzekugadzirira. Kushanda

Sulfuric acid yakawana kushandiswa kwakawanda mumapazi akasiyana-siyana emabasa evanhu. Mazuva ano emakemikari indasitiri inosanganisira iri muzvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, huwandu hwehuwandu hwahwo huri chiratidzo chisinganzwisisiki chekugadzirwa kwemakemikari kweimwe nyika. Gore negore munyika munenge mamiriyoni 160 matani eiyi inobudiswa.

Maererano nehutachiwana uye chemakemikari, sulfuric acid ndiyo dibasic acid, mune iyi sulfur iri inosvika kune yakanyanya kukanganiswa nenyika (+6). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana mune imwe nyika yakanyanyisa sulfuric acid isiri yemafuta yakaoma, iyo haina mavara kana kunhuwa. Sulfuric acid inoshandiswa mumhinduro. Zvose mvura yakawanda uye sulfuric anhydride inogona kushandiswa sevhisi. Iro tsika yekufunga sarudzo semvura inopisa kana chiyero che sulfuric anhydride molecules kusvika kuwandu wemvura yakaderera kune kubatana. Kana huwandu huri kupfuura, mazwi - sulfuric anhydride solution mu sulfuric acid kana oleum inoshandiswa.

Kubudiswa kwe sulfuric acid kunopa chinhu ichi chinokosha nehutano hwekugadzira mineral fertilizer, inoshandiswa se electrolyte mukutungamirira mabhatiri, asidi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemumunyu uye acid. Makemikari, mavara, utsi-kuita uye mabhuni mu teknolojia yekushandisa kwavo sulfuric acid. Pasina iyo, hazvibviri kufungidzira mafuta, kushandiswa kwesimbi, textile, kecheche uye mamwe mashizha.

Kunyangwe indasitiri yezvokudya haina kugadzirisa pasina kushandiswa kwechinhu ichi - kugadzirira kwezvokudya zvinowedzera E513 (emulsifier). Industrial organic synthesis, dehydration (nzira yekuwana esters, diethyl ether), hydration (kubudiswa kweethanol kubva kuEthylene), sulfonation (kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinogadziriswa zvinokonzerwa uye zvinogadziriswa pakugadzira dhayi), alkylation (synthesis of isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol), resin in Mafirimu pamigero yekugadzirwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa - hapana chezvinhu izvi haagoni kuita pasina kushandisa sulfuric acid.

Iko kushandiswa kwe sulfuric acid kunopa muchengeti wekutengeswa kweiyo chinhu - kushandiswa kwemamineral fertilizer. Somuenzaniso, kubudisa toni ye phosphorus fertilizer, zvinodiwa kushandisa maviri kusvika matatu nehafu hafu ye sulfuric acid. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, sulfuric acid enterprises, iyo inokonzerwa nekugadzira sulfuric acid, inovakwa pamwe chete nemiti inobereka mineral fertilizer.

Nokudhonza kwe sulfuric acid, nzira mbiri dze teknolojia dzinoshandiswa. Kubudiswa kwe sulfuric acid nenzira yekubatana ndiyo huru uye makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana, iyo nitros (shongwe) nzira yave ishoma kudarika. Pasinei nezvikanganiso uye zvakakodzera zvega roga, kubudiswa kwe sulfuric acid kubva ku pyrite kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzakasimuka nekuda kwezvikwangwani zvinokwezva zvekubhadhara, kuchena uye kukwirira kwakanyanya kwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa pamusika.

Kudzidzisa ne-sulfuric acid michina yekubatanidza nzira, nzira yekugadzira sulfuric acid inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu. Mutsara wokutanga, pyrites inodzingwa, kushandiswa kirns inokosha iyo inonzi "chivigiro chinoshandiswa". Chikamu chechipiri chinosanganisira kusvibiswa kwe sulfur dioxide kusvika ku sulfur oxide (VI), uye muchitatu chechitatu oleum inobudiswa, inodururirwa mumatangi uye kutumirwa kune vatengi.

Kubudiswa kwe sulfuric acid ne nitrosis kwakanga kusingashandisi zvakanyanya pamusana pekusakwana kwakakwana kwechigadzirwa, chinogumira kushandiswa kwayo.

Pasinei nenzira uye nzira dzekugadzira, kubudiswa kwe sulfuric acid kunoda kuti vashandi vanogadzira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.