Zvinyorwa zveNikola Tesla. Zviitiko zveNikola Tesla. Otkrytiya Nikola Tesla

Kune vanhu vashomanana vasina kumbonzwa nezvomunhu akadaro saNikola Tesla. Yakapfigwa mune zvigadzirwa, zvakavanzika, kuongororwa kunofadza uye kuwanikwa mberi kwemazuva avo - ndizvo zvinobva zvangoitika mupfungwa. Inoshamisa uye unhu hwesayendisiti. Ndiani murume uyu - madhimoni kana nyanzvi?

Kuberekwa nehuduku

Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva nezva Leonardo da Vinci, uyo anofanirwa kutaridzirwa seanyanzvi. Uye, zvichida, mutsigiri wake akakodzera pakupera kwemakore XIX-XX aiva Nikola Tesla. Iyo nyanzvi yemasayendisiti uyu inotanga nenzira imwecheteyo: akazvarwa musi wa10 Nyamavhuvhu 1856 mumusha wemakomo weSmilyan, uyo panguva iyoyo waiva muAustria Empire, uye zvino ndeyeCroatia. Nicola aiva mwana wechina mumhuri yemupristi weSerbia Orthodox, uye mushure mekufa kwehanzvadzi yake mukuru nekuda kwegadziriro muna 1861, akaramba ari mwanakomana oga. Akapedzisa kirasi yekutanga pano, mumusha maakaberekerwa.

Gare gare, mhuri yacho yakatamira kuEvhangeri - guta guru, uko mune ramangwana guru guru rezvemainzi Nikola Tesla akapedza mamwe mapoka matatu echikoro chesekondari. Muna 1873 akagamuchira chiziviso chekukura, apedza kudzidza ku Higher Real School muguta reKarlovac. Mhuri yake yakaramba iri muEvhangeri, kwaakadzoka shure kwekuwana dzidzo yepamusoro.

Dzidzo uyezve mamwe mabasa

Sezvo akadzikinurwa kubva kune korera uye akadzivisa kusungirwa kwekuita basa rechiuto, nokuti akatizira kumakomo, Nikola akafunga nezvekuwedzera dzidzo. Pasinei nokuti baba vake vaida kuti mwana wavo atevere mumakwara ake, Nikola aida sciences yemasikirwo, kwaakange atora kwenguva refu. Muna 1875 akapinda mu Higher Technical School muGraz uye Anonyanya kufunga nezvekudzidza kweunyanzvi hwegetsi. Mushure mokushanda kwechinguva semudzidzisi muEvhangeri, uko mhuri yake yaigara, akaenda kuPrague kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo. Asi ndakadzidza paChipulty of Philosophy kwe semester chete, shure kwaizvozvo ndakatanga kutsvaga basa.

Muna 1879, akagara mune imwe kambani yeTelgraph muBudapest, kwaakashandira kwemakore matatu akatevera. Panguva imwe chete, akazvitsvakurudza pachake mundima yekugadzira magetsi. Muna 1882, Tesla akatamira kuFrance uye akatamira kuhofisi yeParis yeEdison Continental Company, uye makore maviri gare gare akarega, sezvo asina kugamuchira mubayiro wakatarirwa wekuiswa kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru.

Kutamira kune USA

Mushure mechinguva akadzokera kune imwe kambani, asi iye zvino akaenda kuNew York. Nzvimbo yepamusoro, nzvimbo yake yainzi "injini yekugadzirisa magetsi nemagetsi." 1885 Edison akaratidza kuti Nicolet avandudze zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekutanga kwemazana makumi mashanu. Uyu musayendisiti wechidiki akatora nyaya yacho nechido uye mushure mechinguva akataura zvinogadzirisa zvinetso izvi, asi haana kuwana mari. Thomas Edison akaramba kuvabhadhara, achitaura kuti yaingova kuseka. Tesla akabva arega uye akatanga nheyo yake.

Nenguva iyoyo akanga atowana imwe mukurumbira uye akanga ane zvakakwana Nhamba huru yepapaiti. Achitengesa, akagamuchira mukana wakakwana kuti agadzirire laboratori yakanakisisa kuti iwedzere kubudirira. Muna 1899, Nikola Tesla, uyo anofanirwa kufarira vanhu venyika yose kusvika ikozvino, akatamira kuguta reColor Springs, riri pakati peUnited States. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa uku kwakave kwakakurumbira zvisingaiti zvishoma nekuda kwekuti kwenguva yakareba kwaiva nera laboratory yemusayendisiti akakurumbira. Pakupera kwegore rimwechete, rimwe laboratori rakazarurwa-ino nguva kuNew York. Asi pasina nguva, nekuda kwekushaya mari, yaifanira kuvharwa.

Nzvimbo dzebasa

Uyu musayendisiti akasiya shure kwake mabasa mazhinji uye zvakavanzika. Nikola Tesla aiva mumwe wemafungiro makuru epanguva yake, asi vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti murume uyu aive nemapenzi ane nyota yekuda mukurumbira nemari. Icho hachisi chokwadi zvachose, sezvo nzira yemusayendisiti yehupenyu haisimbisi izvi.

Tesla aifarira mundima dzakawanda dzezvesayenzi, asi kutanga kune dzose aifarira magetsi magetsi uye magetsi. Mukuwedzera, iye aibatanidzwa mukutsvakurudza mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvefizikiki neunyanzvi. Nekuda kweizvi, aivewo anofarira mune zvinenge zvichiitika mumhepo, nekuwedzera, akadzidza kuitika kwe resonance. Somugumisiro, mabasa aNikola Tesla akapa simba rakasimba pakuvandudzirwa kwezvikoro zvizhinji, uye zvaanoita zvakakosha kunyange nhasi, kunyanya izvi Rinotsanangura zvisinganyanyozivikanwa uye chaiyo zvinyorwa zvitsva. Mukuwedzera, hazvisi zvose zvinyorwa zvesayenzi zvakapona kusvikira nhasi. Chokutanga, dzimwe nhoroondo dzeSerbia dzakatsva, dzichitarisa kuti zvigadzirwa zvayo zvine ngozi kuvanhu, uye mamwe mabasa aNicola Tesla anotenda kuti akatorwa nehurumende yeUnited States mushure mekufa kweunyanzvi.

Kubudirira uye kubudirira

Penguva yose yebasa rake rezvesayenzi, musayendisiti akawana mazana emakiti emvumo munyika yose, anenge zana pakati pavo muU.S. Sezvo munda mukuru wezvaaifarira waiva unyanzvi hwemagetsi, mabasa uye zvigadzirwa zveNikola Tesla zvikurukuru zvine hanya nekuongorora magetsi emagetsi nemichina yakasiyana-siyana.

Zvichida zviitiko zvakakosha zvikuru ndezvizvi:

• Kudzidza kushandura ikozvino. Akadzidza kushanda kwemagetsi pamuviri, kuisa miedzo paari, uye nokudaro akaisa nheyo dzemazuva ano ekuchengetedza, uyewo nzira itsva dzokurapa. Mukuwedzera, akagadzira jenereta ye-high-frequency currents uye transformer, iyo kusvikira zvino vazhinji vanonzi "Tesla coil" chete.
• Akarondedzera chiitiko chekushandura magnetic field, nokudaro kuwedzera chirevo cheminda. Akasika michini yemagetsi akawanda, ane mavheti pavari.
• Mukuedza kuvandudza bhuruu, iyo yakagadzirwa naEdison, yakagadzirwa neon uye mwenje ye fluorescent.
• Akasika yekutanga radio wave transmitter, akashanda pakuparidzirwa kwemashoko uye simba pasina rubatsiro rwetambo.
• Akaisa pombi yemvura, uye pamusoro payo-dynamo.
• Akagadzira motokari inonchronous.

Yaiva boka reTesla muna 1893, iro raiva nekodzero yekuita basa rekucherechedza chikamu chikuru muChicago. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, hapana purojekiti yakafanana yekukura kwakafanana yakazadziswa.

Basa reWardencliff rinozivikanwa zvikuru. Kuti aite izvi, Tesla Yakashandura kubhengi kuti iwane mari uye yakagamuchira mari yakawanda yezviitiko izvi, uyewo nzvimbo yevhu paLong Island. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti musayendisiti achaumba rudzi rutsva rwekukurukura rusingadi mhepo uye runobvumira kutumirwa kwemashoko akasiyana-siyana pamharaunda yakareba. Shongwe yakavakwa uye ruzhinji rwekuedza kwakaitwa, mushure mekudaro mutengesi akarega mari nokuti musayendisiti akamuudza nezvemunda wake webasa - kutengeswa kwemagetsi kubva kune rimwe kondinendi kune imwe bhengi kwakanga kusingafariri. Basa rakakosha rakavharwa, uye ichi chaiva kutanga kwekuguma kwebasa resainzi.

Mukuwedzera pane zvakakwana zvakazivikanwa pakugadzira uye mabasa, pane vamwe - vasina chokwadi, vasinganzwisisiki uye vasingazivikanwi. Vakanga vasina kunyatsonzwisisika kune venguva yezvakaitika kuti vaizoti musayendisiti akatengesa mweya kune dhiabhorosi. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa hazvina kuchengetedzwa, asi kune humwe makuhwa pamusoro pekubatanidza kwaTesla muTunguska kuputika, kushandiswa kwemotokari yemagetsi kutora simba chaizvoizvo kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, uye zvimwe, zvisingaiti zvisinganzwisisiki zvidzidzo uye zvidzidzo.

Unhu

Kunyangwe achiri muduku, Tesla yakakurumbira kune zvimwe zvisingadikanwi. Pearls, peaches, mapepa emapepa, ayo akadzikiswa mumvura, akaita kuti asakwanisa kuita. Uyewo mwana aidiwa kuverenga uye ane nheyo yakanaka. Mukomana wacho aida kutamba mitambo, uye gare gare - mitambo yemitambo. Hazvigone kuti ipapo mumwe munhu aigona kufanotaura kuti mune ramangwana basa rake richava rakakurumbira munyika.

Zvakanga zvisinganzwisisiki kuti muhuduku hwake Nicola akanga akakomba. Akazvipira pachake zvachose kune sayenzi uye muhupenyu waiva munhu akasurukirwa. Akanga asina kumboroorwa uye kazhinji akarega hupenyu hwake. Kunyange mushure mokunge kutsvaga mukurumbira weTestla kwaizivikanwa nevakadzi, kazhinji kazhinji vakanga vasina tariro vakawira murudo nesayendisiti. Uye izvi hazvishamisi - aive anonyatsonaka, uye kunze kwezvo, akanga asiri mumwe kunze kwomuumbi wezvinyorwa ainzi Nikola Tesla. Iyo nyanzvi yemasayendisiti yakadzidzwa kakawanda nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, uye vazhinji vavo vakasvika pakugumisa kuti kuramba kwake hupenyu hwake hwakanga hwakakwana. Asi zviitiko zvePlato zvaive-saka, akachengeta mucheche weSara Bernhardt mukuru, waakasangana naye kakawanda.

Tichifunga kuti kufarira kukuru kwekugadzirwa kwaNikola Tesla, iyewo mufananidzo wezvakasara zvake kusvikira nhasi uno zvakavanzika. Kusiyana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzakawanda, musayendisiti anenge nezvose zvaakagadzira pakutanga zvakagadzirwa mupfungwa, chete ipapo akaedza pfungwa dzake nemanzwiro achiita. Iyi nzira inenge isingazivikanwi uye haina kukodzera munhu wose. Akashanda paari pachake uye aigara achidzidza, asingazivi kuti akaneta sei uye kwete kuzvipa pfupa. Mutsvakurudzi akaedza zvose, kunyange izvo zvisingaoneki zvisinganzwisisiki, zvepfungwa dzake uye kuvimba nezvinyorwa. Icho chaiva kushivirira uku, pfungwa inofadza, kuda kuziva uye kuzvidavira kwakabereka zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakurumbira zvakaitwa naNicola Tesla. Panguva imwe chete yaibhadhara Kucherechedza uye utano hwepanyama. Zvichida izvi ndizvo zvakabvumira musayendisiti kurarama kune akwegura.

Mukuwedzera, Tesla yakaratidzwa nevamwe, kuisa zvinyoronyoro, kubvumirana. Saka, haana kubvumira kushamwaridzana maoko uye mukukurukurirana nevanhu. Vashandi vehotera, apo musayendisiti aigara, vakanga vasingagoni kusvika pedyo naye. Asi iye aida njiva, akadzipa uye akataura navo. Shiri nesayenzi zvakatsiva iye nevakadzi, haana kumbofunga nezvekuroorana.

Musayendisiti akanga ane chido chekuita zvimwe. Collars nemagetsi, akaisa kamwe chete uye shure kwekuti vakaipa vakavadzinga. Uye kubva pamitambo yake pazviratidzwa dzimwe nguva akaita zviratidzo zvechokwadi. Nokudaro, muna 1893, kuratidza kuti kutaura pamusoro pengozi yekushandura ikozvino kumunhu kwakaipa, Tesla anoshandisa muviri wake anenge mamiriyoni maviri volts. Uye kunyange kwete chete kuponeswa, pasinei nekutya, asiwo akaramba asina kusununguka zvachose. Sezvo nhau iyi inoratidza, Tesla, mumwe angati, akaedza kuratidzira migumisiro yezviitiko zvake zvakajeka uye zvinobudirira sezvazvinogona. Chimwe chekutyisidzira kwakanga kusiri kure kwaari.

Mugumo wehupenyu

Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti kufambiswa kwaNikola Tesla kwakanga kusingazivikanwi nekuchengeteka, akanga asiri musayendisiti akaparadza izvi. Pazera rakwegura, nguva isati yatanga Hondo Yenyika II, akange arohwa nemotokari, uye akatambura nharo yakaputsika. Musayendisiti akavharirwa kurara kwemazuva mazhinji uye ainetseka zvikuru pamusoro penyika yekwake, iyo, zvechokwadi, haina kuwedzera kuhutano hwake. Mukutanga kwaJanuary 1943, musayendisiti akafa muimba yehotera muNew York. Kukundikana kwemoyo kwakanzi ndiro chikonzero chakakonzera rufu. Tesla aiva nemakore 86.

Mutumbi waipiswa, uye madota ari ikozvino muBelgrade museum wezita rake. Asati asiya shure kwemari yemari, sezvo mari yake yose yaaipedza pakukura uye kuedza, scientists akapa vana chimwe chinhu chinokosha-ruzivo, mberi kwenguva yake ye makumi nemazana emakore.

Kukosha munhoroondo, kushandiswa kwemabasa

Zvinotendwa kuti musayendisiti ane ruzivo Nikola Tesla, ane ruzivo uye zvigadzirwa zvese achiri nyaya yekunyatsodzidza, kwenguva refu mberi kwenguva yake uye Yakaronga nheyo dzekuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano magetsi emagetsi.

Pasina zvaakawana, nyika ingadai yakave yakasiyana, nokuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakanga zvatova tsika zvingadai zvisipo, uye kufambira mberi kwekambanikiti kungave kwakaenda zvakasiyana. Zvimwe zvezviitiko zvake, zvinyorwa zvaro zvisina kupona, zvakatarisira zvigadzirwa zvemakore achangopfuura nemakumi emakore. Saka, rimwe remakambani epamusoro rakagamuchirwa nemasayendisiti raiva nemashoko pamusoro pendiza iyo yakabatanidza zvinhu zve ndege uye helikopta. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida nokukurumidza chigadzirwa chakadaro chichavakwa uye chichasimbiswa zvakasimba. Icho Tesla chaiyo yakanga isina mari yakakwana yekuvaka mufananidzo.

Radar, kurega kutonga, mamwe marudzi e-bulbs - iyi inongova shoma shoma yezvinhu zvisingambofaniri kuitwa kunze, hazviiti kuti senio yeSerbia ishandiswe zvikuru. Uye iwe unogona kungofungidzira kuti kwakange kuripo, kubata vanhu zvishoma zvakanyanya. Chinodiwa chete neTesla inozivikanwa kwete injini. Chirongwa chechigadzirwa ichi ndechekushanda kwebasa reasayendisiti vakawanda uye vanongoda chete, nokuti inofanira kunge iri nyore, sezvo inogona kuvakwa pahuwandu hwe teknolojia. Mukuwedzera, mubvunzo wesimba rekushandisa rinopa jenereta reNikola Tesla rinoramba richizaruka. Maererano nesayenzi pachake, ivo vaiparidzirwa. Icho chaiva chiratidziro chevanhu neanyanzvi here kana kuti chakanga chiri chinhu chisati chichiwanika kune vanoongorora masayenzi nemajini? Chero mamiriro ezvinhu, vateereri vachiri kuedza kudzokorora zvimwe zvekuedza uye kufambira mberi kwesainzi, zvichibva pakutsanangurwa kwekuedza. Zvinosuruvarisa, vashomanana vanogona kuzvirumbidza nemhando ipi zvayo yekubudirira.

Nedzidzo dzaNikola Tesla dzakaburitswa munyika dzakawanda zvinoshamisa, dzakapa ruzivo kumatavi akawanda efizikiki uye mberi kwesayenzi mberi. Uye nyika ichiri kushamisika kana murume uyu aive nyanzvi kana kuti madhimoni - zvaanoda, zviitiko uye kubudirira zvakanga zvisina kujairika. Pamwe, ndicho chikonzero Nikola Tesla achiri kukanganwa nevanhu.

Yakapfigwa zvigadzirwa

Zita remasayendisiti rakange rakakombwa nenhema dzakawanda. Chimiro chake chaigara chichifukidzwa neimwe aura yezvakavanzika, izvo zvakangowedzera kukudzwa kwake. Uye kwete basa rekupedzisira mune izvi rakashongedza zvigadzirwa zvinoshamisa uye zviongorori, izvo panguva ino yekusimudzirwa kwesayenzi hazvigoni kutsanangura kana kudzokorora.

Runyerekupe rukuru runoita runyararo rusinganzwisisiki uye rwakanyanyisa, runosanganisira chakavanzika uye chaiyo zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zveNikola Tesla. Kunyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pavo nderimwe rwiyo rukuru rwekufa, pamusoro pemanzwiro anoshamisa anoramba achienda. Pane shanduro inoenderana neyo pakutanga yaiva mubvunzo weimwe yakanyanyisa simba, iyo inogona kugumisa hondo. Gare gare vatapi venhau vakavhiringidza mashoko eusayendisiti, uye iyi ndiyo iyo nhoroondo yakazivikanwa zvikuru pamusoro pera ray rekufa yakaonekwa iyo inogona kupfura ndege dziri kure uye kuuraya mazana ezviuru zvevarwi. Ikozvino hazvibviri kutaura zvakananga izvo Tesla aive achitaura nezvazvo zvino hazvibviri-mushure mokufa kwake zvose zvinyorwa zvine chokuita nekubudirira kwake zvakanyangarika. Uye munguva yehupenyu hwake, haana kupa uchapupu hupi hwehupo hwe "mavara erufu."

Runyerekupe rukuru runoitawo kuti musayenzi ibasa rinokosha muTunguska phenomenon. Sezvaunoziva, nyaya yakasvika musi waJune 30, 1908, yakanga isina kumboongororwa zvakazara, inofungirwa kuti chikonzero chekuputika kwakasimba kwaiva meteorite, asi zvakasara hazvina kuwanikwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro, zvose zvakaitika ndezvikonzero zveimwe yedzidzo yaTesla pamusoro pekuendesa kwemasimba pane imwe nzvimbo. Kana zvakadaro, saka, zvichida, inogona kuonekwa sekubudirira.

Mukuwedzera, vanoti zvakawanda pamusoro pekutora kwaTesla mukudhindwa kwakazivikanwa kwePhiladelphia, panguva iyo ngarava uye vanenge mazana maviri vanhu vakatamira munzvimbo yekhilomitha dzinoverengeka. Hondo yeUnited States inoramba kuitisa kuedza kwakadaro, saka makuhwa pamusoro pake, zvichida, kune nhoroondo dzemaguta. Izvo zvingaita, kubatanidzwa kwechiSerbian genius muPilladelphia kuedza kunopfuura kudonhedzera, nokuti, inotendwa, iye akaitwa muna Gumiguru 1943, uye musayendisiti akafa mukutanga kwaJanuary.

Vazhinji vakataura nezvazvo, kuti Tesla yabudirira vamwe kubudirira pakusikwa Zvivako chando plasma. Ostensibly musayendisiti akagamuchira rinopenya balls pamusoro pakukura bhora aigona kutakura nyore kwavari ake, akaisa mubhokisi, uye kuramba asina kumbokuvadzwa. The zvivako zvaiva kugadzikana kwemaminitsi anoverengeka. Pane chikonzero chokudavira kuti ichi chaiva bhora mheni, kunyange chaiwo mashoko Ichokwadi kwete. Ungangove, vanhu chete kusvika kufambidzana kupfuura asinganzwisisiki uye kujairika nerunyerekupe kuti akaita Nikola Tesla. Zvinoita sokuti munhu wose chete anoda kutenda zvishamiso.

References mutsika kwesimba rokuyeuka

Zvainoreva Nhamba Physics kuramba paumba pfungwa vanhuwo zvavo, kunyange ikozvino. nhaka Great, chinoshamisa maitiro, akanyanyisa pakavanda - zvose kubatsira Tesla kuramba vari vanhu ndangariro kunyange pashure emakore akawanda pashure pokufa kwake.

Saka, masayendisiti akazviratidza firimu "The Prestige," anenge maviri aikwikwidza jugglers. Uye kufarira kwake zvigadzirwa, iri firimu, chete neshungu - sezvo vari husinganzwisisiki, kunyange zviri pachena kuti nhema. Kutaura chokwadi muupenyu musayendisiti handina kumbobvira akashanda dambudziko teleportation vanhu. Kanenge mashoko akarurama pamusoro ichi kumbobvira zvaitika.

zita rake rakapiwa mumigwagwa mumaguta akawanda, yendege. Agozviratidza pamusoro Serbian Banknotes uye kunofanira kuyeukwa mari, shongwe dzake rakadzikwa. Uyezve, imwe American kambani itsva mubasa kukura motokari yemagetsi, akatora zita iri kuremekedza murume akasika kumumvuri injini kumhanya musi AC simba. Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti kambani inonzi Tesla Motors. Uye kare anozivikanwa munyika yose.

Uyezve, mano mazhinji ichiri kushandiswa nyore kutakura zita muvambi waro, akanga Nikola Tesla. Coil, jenareta, injini nezvimwe mano mazhinji kubetsera ndangariro dzevanhu zita Serbian shasha.

Uye, zvichida, chikuru mutero kuyeuka musayendisiti mukuru - The SI chairema rinobva induction anonzi "Tesla". Saka chii ichi chisinganzwisisike shasha kwenguva yakareba vacharamba vari vanhu pfungwa. Uye ndiani anoziva mberi kukura kwavo ichashandiswa. Zvichida kunyange mamiriro kukura sayenzi haisati zvinogoneka zvakazara kuongorora zvose zvinokonzerwa chiremera.