Rothko Mark. Mifananidzo iri mumutauro wekubatisisa kutaura

Abstract art, unhu husina kunyorwa haufaniri kutarisana nekufungisisa kwakanyanyisa. Basa romunhu akadaro saRothko Mark, uyo ane mifananidzo isina zvinyorwa zvezvinhu kubva munyika chaiye - abstract art muhupenyu hwakachena. Manzwiro uye kutsvaga maitiro anowanzozivikanwa anogona kupindira nemuoneki mukufungidzira kwenzira yekuzviratidza kweRothko, mukutsvaga iyo muvepi akafamba nenzira yakareba uye yakaoma.

Kuwana Nzira Yako

Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich akaberekwa muna 1903 muguta reDvinsk, munharaunda yeVitebsk (zvino yavaLatvia Daugavpils). Mushure memakore gumi, mhuri yake yakatamira kuAmerica, uye yaifanira kutarisana nematambudziko akawanda ehupenyu. Haana kuwana pakarepo nzira yake muhupenyu, achikuvadza kuuraya nzvimbo yekugadzira. Mumakore makumi matatu nemakumi mana emakore ekupedzisira, yaiva USA yakava pakati pekufambisa kwe-avant-garde art-abstractionists kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzezvematongerwo enyika dzeEurope dzakadzingwa muno.

Muna 1938, munyori wacho akazotora zita rinonzi Rothko Mark. Mifananidzo yepanguva iyoyo yaakasika pasi pesimba rekamu-faturist Mark Weber (1881-1961) uye surrealist Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). Rothko ave achitsvaga nzira yake kwenguva refu. Akapedza nguva dzekunakidza nekufananidzira kwekufananidzira: akaveza mapiratiiti uye nzvimbo dzeguta ("Woman in Sewing", 1935, "Mupasi Pasi", 1938). Zvinangwa zvisinganzwisisiki mubasa rake zvakasimbiswa kubva pakufadzwa nemafungiro matsva efilosofi: kufarira mune zvisinganzwisisiki, munyika yepamukati yeumwe munhu, muchigadziro chekutaura manzwiro uye maonero.

Kutanga, nguva yeKuDzvinyirira Kukuru, iyo yekufanirwa kwehondo itsva yenyika, yakagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda umo mararamiro emitambo akaparara. Uyu muongorori anotsvaka kutsigira mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa ("Antigone", 1941, "Nyuchi dzechiHebheru", 1945), uye zvinosvika pakuratidza kusina maturo.

Kubvira pakutanga kwema50 pakupedzisira kwakagadzira chiitiko chakadai seRothko. Mark, uyo ane mifananidzo yakaita maviri kana matatu akafanana, akawana nzira yake. Kupenda munda wakavara-tsanangudzo yakadaro inowanikwa kutsoropodza nzira yeRothko.

Chimiro chakanaka chemazano akaoma

Muenzi wacho iyeye haana kufarira kutsanangura mifananidzo yake uye haana kukwanisa kumira apo vamwe vakazviita. Haana kuedza kuzivisa pfungwa iri mumashoko, saka, muimba yekuchengetedza musumusi apo Mark Rothko anomiririrwa, mifananidzo ine mazita nenzira yeshe serial uye zuva rokusika.

Akange asingakwanisi kugamuchira paakadanwa kuti abstractionist, nokuti akafunga kuti mifananidzo yake chiratidzo chehupenyu chaihwo, hupenyu hupenyu hunotsvaka kusangana nemuoni.

Akanga asina kunaka pamusoro pemanzwiro ake pachake semufananidzo - "muvara", kunyange zvazvo aigara achinyatsoshanda nemirasi, kunyange nemicheka yakagadzirwa nemaoko, achizadzisa mararamiro aida uye kusagadzikana. Chinonyanya kukosha, akafunga kuti chiyero chevanhu vazhinji uye zvikamu zvezvibato izvo zvakaumbwa.

Painting semitambo

Muhuduku hwake, Rothko aida kunyatsopindira mune unyanzvi hunoshamisa uye akadaro haana kupinda maitiro ekuita. Zvinyorwa zvake zvaaiwanzoidza mitambo, uye zviri nyore kufungidzira zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangura chimwe chimwe chinhu chekutungamirirwa kwemavara aRothko pane vateereri.

Vakawanda vanopemberera kubatanidzwa kunoshamisa munzvimbo yekupenda. Nokuda kwekutsanangurwa kwemabasa ake, munyori wacho akasarudza chiedza chechimiro chemaitiro, inenge seima-rima. Uye kure kure kwaakakurudzira kutarisa pamufananidzo, Rothko akatsanangura mumasentimita makumi mashanu (45 cm). Zvichipa kuonekwa kwekuona kwemiganhu yezvivara zvemavara, hutano hwehupfeko hwepende (dzimwe nguva hurairika), mumwe anogona kutsanangura kuoneka kwekufamba mukati memufananidzo, zvichiita kuti pave nemamwe manzwiro akajeka.

Rothko's Chapel

Izvo zvakakosha sei sangano renzvimbo yemifananidzo yemufananidzo uye nzira dzekuona mafananidzo ake, mumwe anogona kunzwisisa kubva munhoroondo yebasa rake pakugadzirwa kwechitendero chechechi paInstitute of Religion muHouston. Nzvimbo huru dzakanyorwa kunzvimbo yechitendero dziri muimba yakagadzirirwa zvaidiwa naRothko mupfungwa. Mark, ane mifananidzo iri munyaya iyi inenge monochrome, akabatanidzwa mukugadzira uye kupenya kweimba yacho.

Ichechi, iyo chinyorwa chikamu chikamu, hachisi chechimwe chitendero uye chakazvitsaurira kuna Mwari. Kufungisisa, kwakasununguka kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu epasi pose kunozadza imba inenge ine magetsi ine chitubu chemwenje chiri muDome. Mumba muno, uye akaisa Mark Rothko mifananidzo. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kuti chimiro ichi chakasimba chine simba.

Nzira yakareba yekuziva

Upenyu hwehupenyu hwomunyori hahuna nyore. Makore mazhinji ehurombo, kusatenda kwevanhu va pedo zvikuru mu talenta yake zvakamukurudzira, saka, kusikirwa kwaMark Rothko hakukwanisi kunzi kutarisira. Kunyangwe zvinyorwa kubva pamatombo emavara akajeka uye anodziya zvinokonzera kushamisa kwakanyanya. Izwi redambudziko muhupenyu hwevanhu uye munhu mumwe nomumwe anonzi musoro mukuru wemuiti.

Rufu semufananidzo wokupedzisira

Mumakore makumi matanhatu ekupedzisira kwakauya kukudzwa, mari, asi yakakonzerwa nechirwere, mhuri yemhirizhonga. Musi waFebruary 25, 1970, munyori wacho akazviuraya nokuzarura mitsetse yake. Mark Rothko - mifananidzo, mapikicha pamwe naye akazadza mapepa nemagazini - akasaina basa rake rokupedzisira ...

Vanotaura kuti haaikwanise kufungidzira kuti mapeji ake anotengwa sei nekuda kwekunongedza mukati. Mushure mekushanda kwemakore maviri pahurongwa hwekudya kunodhura zvakanyanya muNew York, Rothko akadzoka mberi uye akaramba kubasa paakaudza cheku chevarume vakapfuma vachitarisa panhengo yake.

Nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzepasi rose dzakagadzirwa zvemazuva ano hazvigoni kufungidzirwa kunze kwemifananidzo iyo Mark Rothko akanyora. "Orange, Red, Yellow," "White Center" - nokuti iyi mifananidzo inobhadharwa muvhengi zvisingafungidziri mamiriyoni emadhora. Iyi nhamba inonyanya kuvhiringidza vanhu vanoona sevasina kuvepa mavara, kwete kunetseka kutora danho kuenda kune pfungwa itsva nemanzwiro. Uye zvakadini rusununguko, zvinorema sei marwadzo evanhu uye anyanzvi?