Malevich's works by year: description, photo

Mabasa eMalevich anomirira chimwe chezviratidzo zvakajeka zvezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano. Muvambi we Suprematism, muRussia uye Soviet muimbi, akapinda munhoroondo yezvigadzirwa zvepasi pose nemufananidzo we "Black Square", asi basa iri harina kungoita basa iri. Mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru emufananisi anofanira kunge akajairika kune ani zvake mutsika.

Theorist uye nyanzvi yezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano

Mabasa eMalevich anoratidza zvakajeka mamiriro ezvinhu munzanga pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Muimbi wacho akaberekerwa kuKiev muna 1879.

Maererano nenhau dzake pachake mumabhuku evanhu, maratidziro emusangano wevanyori akatanga muKursk muna 1898, kunyange zvazvo pasina uchapupu hwehuwandu hwehwu hwakawanikwa.

Muna 1905 akaedza kupinda kuMoscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Zvisinei, haana kubvumirwa. Panguva iyoyo, mhuri yaMalevich muKursk yaiva nemhuri - mudzimai waKazzimir Zgleits nevana. Muhupenyu hwavo hwega, kupatsanurwa kwakarondedzerwa, naizvozvo, pasina kunyange kutora, Malevich haana kuda kudzokera kuKursk. Muenzi wacho akagara muLefortovo mumatare emagetsi. Muimba huru yemuongorori Kurdyumov akararama anenge masters 300 ekupenda. Malevich aigara mumatare kwemwedzi mitanhatu, asi, pasinei nekubhadhara zvakaderera kweimba, mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare mari yakapera, iye aifanira kudzokera kuKursk.

Malevich akazotamira kuMoscow muna 1907 chete. Akashanyira makirasi anonzi Fedor Rerberg. Muna 1910 akatanga kutora chikamu mumakaratidziro ekusanganisa sangano rekutanga kare-garde "The Knave of Diamonds". Mifananidzo yakatanga kuoneka iyo yakamuunza mukurumbira wenyika uye kubvuma.

"Suprematist yakagadzirwa"

Muna 1916 Malevich's works are already well known in the capital. Panguva iyoyo yakagadzirwa neChrismatist. Rakanyorwa mumafuta pamusoro pechando. Muna 2008, yakatengeswa pamusana weSotheby's kwe $ 60 mamiriyoni.

Iyi yokutengeswa yakasimudzwa nevadyi venhaka. Muna 1927, yakaratidzwa pakuratidzwa muBerlin.

Malevich iye pachake akaimiririra pamusana weiyo gallery, asi pasina nguva aifanira kudzoka, sezvo vakuru veSoviet vasina kutora visa yake yekunze. Aifanira kusiya basa rose. Paiva nevanenge makumi manomwe kwavari. Mugadziri wechiGermany Hugo Hering akasarudzwa. Malevich anotarisirwa kudzoka kuzoratidzwa munguva yemberi iri pedyo, asi haana kumbobviswa kunze kwenyika.

Asati afa, Hering akapa mabasa ose eMalevich, aakachengetedza kwemakore akawanda, kumusitamende yeguta reAmsterdam (inozivikanwawo seSteleleuk Museum). Hering akapedza chibvumirano, maererano nezvakaitwa gore negore kwemakore gumi nemaviri musumusiamu aifanira kumubhadhara imwe chiyero. Pakupedzisira, pakarepo mushure mekufa kwemugadziri, hama dzake, avo vakanyoresa nhaka, vakagamuchira mari yose panguva. Nokudaro, "Mukurumbira wePrematist" wakapinda mumari yeAmsterdam musumusiyamu.

Malevich's vagari venhaka vakaedza kudzorera iyi mifananidzo, kubva kuma 70s ezana remakore rechi20. Asi havana kubudirira.

Muna 2002 chete, 14 inoshanda kubva kuAmsterdam Museum yakaiswa pamuenzaniso "Kazimir Malevich Suprematism". Yakaitwa paGuggenheim Museum muU.SA. Vagari venhaka yeMalevich, vamwe vavo vari vagari venyika yeAmerica, vakashushikana neDutch museum. Ihofisi yehutungamiri yakaenda kusangano rekugadzirira. Maererano nemigumisiro yake, 5 kubva pa 36 kuvezwa kwemufananidzo kwakadzorerwa kuvana vake. Mukutsinhanisa, vagari venhaka vakaramba mamwe maitiro.

Ichi chifananidzo ichiri chinyadzisira chine mufananidzo wemufananidzo weRussia akambotengeswa muvashamba.

"Black Square"

Malevich's "Black Square" ndeimwe yemabasa ake akakurukurwa zvikuru. Icho chikamu chemuongorori wevanyori wemabasa akazvipira kuna Suprematism. Mariri, akaongorora mikana yekutanga yekugadzirwa uye chiedza. Mukuwedzera kune chikamu, mumutsetse uyu kune mifananidzo ye "Black Cross" uye "Black Circle".

Painting Malevich akanyora muna 1915. Basa racho rakaitwa kumuenzaniso wekupedzisira we Futurists. Mabasa eMalevich pamusangano "0.10" muna 1915 akange akarembera, sezvavanotaura, mu "kona yakatsvuka". Munzvimbo iyo chiratidzo chacho chakanga chakarembera muimba dzeRussia, "Black Square" yakanga iripo. Iyo yakavanzika zvikuru uye inonyanya kunakidza mumifananidzo yeRussian painting.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha Suprematist maitiro - chikamu, musara uye denderedzwa, yaifungidzirwa kuti ndiyo mitemo munyanzvi yeunyanzvi, iyo inokurudzira kuwedzera kwekuita kweSupramatist yose. Inobva kwavari iyo mune ramangwana itsva Suprematist mafomu anoberekwa.

Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vebasa remugadziri vakaedza kakawanda kuwana mhando yepakutanga yemufananidzo, iyo yaizove iri pasi pepamusoro pepende. Saka, muna 2015, fluoroscopy yakaitwa. Somugumisiro, zvaive zvichikwanisa kuparadzanisa mimwe miviri miviri yevaravara, iyo yaiva panzvimbo imwechete. Pakutanga, chimiro chekasa-futuristic chakanga chakawedzerwa, uye pamusoro payo zvakare protosuprimatic yakagadzirwa. Ndizvo chete ipapo zvose zvakazadzwa neganda rakasviba.

Uyezve, masayendisiti akakwanisa kujekesa zvinyorwa, izvo zvakaratidzwa nemufananidzo wacho. Aya ndiwo mazwi okuti "Hondo yeNigroes muGomba Remafu," iyo inotaura nezvemichina connoisseurs kune basa rakakurumbira monochrome raAlfons Allais, raakasika muna 1882.

Haisi ngozi uye zita rekuratidzira, iro rakaratidza basa reMalevich. Mifananidzo kubva kune vernissage inogona kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa zvekare zvekare nemagazini yenguva. Kuvapo kwechimiro 10 kwakaratidza nhamba yevatori vechidiki vanotarisirwa nevanoronga. Asi zero yakati iyo icharatidzwa "Black Square", iyo, maererano nechinangwa chemunyori, ichaderedza zvinhu zvose kusvika zero.

Zvikwere zvitatu

Mukuwedzera kune "Black Square" mubasa reMalevich kwakanga kune mashomanana ematafura aya ejometri. Hongu, uye "Black Square" pakutanga yaiva pangetani nyore. Akanga asina kumira zvakasimba. Nokudaro, kubva mumaonero e-geometry chaiyo, yakanga iri quadrangle panzvimbo pekwere. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanocherechedza kuti hazvisi kunyanya kusaremekedza kwomunyori, asi chinzvimbo chepamutemo. Malevich yakatsvakwa kuti ipe fomu yakanaka, iyo inenge iine simba uye inofamba.

Uyezve kune mamwe maviri mamwe mabasa neMalevich - squares. Iyi ndiyo "Red Square" uye "White Square". Mufananidzo we "Red Square" wakaratidzwa pachiratidziro che avant-garde artists "0.10". Nzvimbo yakachena yakaonekwa muna 1918. Panguva iyoyo, mabasa aMalevich, mapepa ayo ari mubhuku chero ripi zvaro rekudhiroya nhasi, akawana danho re "nguva chena" ye Suprematism.

"Suprematism Inoshamisa"

Kubvira muna 1920 kusvika muna 1922 Malevich akashanda pamufananidzo we "Mystical Suprematism". Iyo inozivikanwawo seBlack Cross paRed Oval. Iyo chando yakanyorwa mumafuta pane chando. Yakatengeswawo kuSotheby's kwema $ 37,000.

Kakawanda, ichi chinyorwa chinodzokorora mugumo we "Suprematist" kuvaka, iyo yatotaurirwa. Akazviwanawo muzvikamu zve musamamende yeAmsterdam, uye pashure pechikumbiro chevadyi venhaka yeMalevich kumatare, vakakwanisa kuwana zvakare chikamu chemifananidzo.

"Suprematism." 18 Kuvaka "

Mabasa eMawlevich, mazita ane mazita aungawanika mune rimwe bhuku rekushandisa pane nhoroondo yeunyanzvi, kufadza uye nekukwezva ivo pachavo.

Imwe mufananidzo unofadza ndewe mufananidzo "Suprematism, 18 Design," yakanyorwa muna 1915. Painottion, "Sotheby's" yakatengeswa muna 2015 kusvika madhora 34 mamiriyoni. Akazoguma zvakare mumaoko edzimba dzevhidhiyo mushure mokuedzwa pamwe neAmsterdam city museum.

Mumwe mufananidzo, uyo Dutch akaparadzana nawo, waiva "Suprematism: kubudirira kwezvemutambo wemutambo." Mavara akaisvonaka muchina yechina. " Akawana muridzi wake muna 2011. Akatorwa neChitubu cheBhidhiyo muChicchi nokuda kwemari yaasingadi kuzivisa kuvanhu. Asi basa ra1913 - "Desk uye nzvimbo" yaigona kuonekwa pane chiratidziro chikuru cheMalevich muMadrid gallery "Tate". Uye mufananidzo wacho wakaratidzwa asingazivikanwi. Izvo zvakarongedzwa nevarongeri pane zvakajeka. Zvechokwadi, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo muridzi wezvokwadi unoda kuramba ari incognito, inoziviswa kuti chinyorwa chiri muchivande chega. Pano, kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kunoshandiswa.

"Suprematist yakagadzirwa"

Basa reMalevich, tsanangudzo yauchawana munyaya ino, ichakupa pfungwa yakakwana uye yakakwana yebasa rake. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo we "Suprematist" yakasikwa muna 1919-1920. Muna 2000, pa auction, "Phillips" yakatengeswa $ 17 mamiriyoni.

Ichi chifananidzo, kusiyana nemamwe akapfuura, mushure mokubva Malevich kubva Berlin kuenda kuSoviet Union, yakagara muGermany. Muna 1935, akatorwa kuenda kuUnited States nemukuru weNew York Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Barr. Kwemakore makumi maviri akave akaratidzwa muUnited States mukati mehutano hwekuratidzira "Cubism uye Abstract Art". Kutaura kuti mufananidzo wacho waifanira kubviswa nokukurumidza - muGermany panguva iyo maNazi akasimba, malevich's creativity yakawira mukunyadziswa. Vane hurumende dzake dzeNazi vakataura nezvemasayeri e "unyanzvi husina kunaka." Chokutanga, mutungamiriri weHanover Museum akavanza chirasi muimba yake yepasi, ndokubva apa Bhara muchivande, uyo akabudisa basa rinokosha muUnited States.

Muna 1999, New York Museum yakadzorera vagari venhaka yeMalevich mufananidzo uyu nemamwe emabasa ake akajeka.

Kuzviratidza kwemufananidzo

Muna 1910, Malevich akanyora kuzviratidza kwake. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezviratidzo zvake zvitatu zvakanyorwa panguva ino. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mamwe maviri anochengeterwa muimba museums. Aya mabasa eMalevich muTrtyakov Gallery anogona kuonekwa.

Chiratidzo chechitatu chekutengeswa chakanga chatengeswa munotengeswa. Pakutanga, akanga ari mune peji yaGeorge Costaki. Muna 2004, pa auction "Christie" muLondon, mufananidzo wekuzviona wakawana muridzi waro chete nemapuraundi makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana matanhatu. Pakazara, nokuti pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu anotevera, kukosha kwayo kwave kwakura kanenge ka 35. Iko kare muna 2015, chikwata chacho chakanga chave kutengeswa kuSotheby's kwema $ 9 mamiriyoni. Zvechokwadi, kubhadhara mari inobatsira.

"Musoro wevarimi"

Kana iwe ukaongorora basa reMalevich kwemakore, unogona kuvaka imwe nzira, kuburikidza nayo kuti uone kuti basa rake rakagadzirwa sei.

Muenzaniso wakajeka uyu ndiwo mufananidzo "Musoro wevarimi," yakanyorwa muna 1911. Muna 2014, pa auction "Sotheby's" muLondon, akapinda pasi penyundo ye $ 3.5 mamiriyoni.

Kwenguva yokutanga vanhu vose vakaona mufananidzo weMalevich muna 1912 pakuratidzwa "Donkey's Tail", yakarongeka naNatalia Goncharova naMikhail Larionov. Mushure maizvozvi, akapinda muchiratidziro cheBerlin muna 1927. Zvino Malevich pachake akazvipa kuna Hugo Hering. Akatobva kwaari, akagara nhaka mudzimai wake nemwanasikana. Vagari venhaka yeHering vakatengesa mufananidzo chete muna 1975, mushure mekufa kwake.

MuRussian Museum

Mabasa eMalevich muRussian Museum yakakura kwazvo. Pano, zvichida, ndiyo yakakosha yakawanda yemabasa ake. Kuzvigadzirwa zvemuvandudziri uye mudzidzisi vanobatwa nehuMwari, zvivako zvake zvinopiwa nzvimbo dzinokudzwa zvikuru.

Pose, mari yeRussia Museum nhasi inenge zana yemifananidzo, pamwe nemashizha makumi mana. Vakawanda vavo vane zvinyorwa zvitsva. Zvimwe zvakakwana. Iyo yakasiyana yekusanganiswa, inowanikwa muRussia Museum, iriwo mune zvekuti mabasa haasiwo akawanda, anoramba achifukidza uwandu hwakawanda kwazvo hwekugadzira kwake. Yakapiwa semabasa epakutanga, inosvika kuongororwa kwekutanga kwekupenda, uye gare gare zvinyorwa zvinoratidza, izvo zvisingazivi bhurusi remuhanzi akaveza "Black Square".

Rufu rwemhanzi

Kazimir Malevich akafa muLeningrad muna 1935. Maererano nekuda kwake, mutumbi wakaiswa mubhokisi re Suprematist, iro riri muchinjikwa nemaoko akapararira, uye anopisa.