Mufananidzo "Gorozi Gusi" (Levitan II)

Izvi zvinoitika kuti vamiririri vemamwe marudzi uye zvitendero zviri nani kukwanisa kurondedzera chinangwa chemuRussia mweya uye unhu kupfuura ivo veRussia pachavo. Munhoroondo yeunyanzvi kune huzhinji huchapupu. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo "Kurira kwemanheru." Levitan II waiva muJudha kuburikidza nekuzvarwa, asi akazviti iyeye muenzi weRussia chaiye.

II Levitan. Biography mapeji

Isaak Ilich Levitan (1860 - 1900) - mukuru weRussia mufananidzo wemufananidzo wehafu yechipiri yezana remakore re XIX. Akaberekerwa mune rimwe guta duku muLithuania, asi mumavambo ekuma1870 vabereki vake vakatamira kuMoscow, kwavakakurumidza kufa, vachisiya vana vavo vana vasina nzira yekuzvidzivirira. Upenyu hwake hwose, Isaak Levitan akanga ari mukushaiwa, akatungamirira upenyu hune hutano hwakanaka.

Muna 1873 akava mudzidzi wechikoro cheunyanzvi, achifunga kutevera mumakwara emukuru wake - muimbi. Vadzidzisi vaIsaka vaiva AK. Savrasov uye V.D. Polenov. Savrasov akakoshesa tarenda yevadzidzi vake, akafanotaura nezvake mukurumbira weFrance mufananidzo wemuori weCorot, asi nzvimbo yake yakamukuvadza chete. Vadzidzisi vekoroji vaifarira Savrasov uye vakasarudza kutora pfuyo yake, vachiramba vaRevhi kuti vagamuchire zita remhanzi. Akapiwa dhipoloma, uko kukodzera kwaive kwakanyorwa mufirimu: mufananidzo wekudhira. Zvakaitika muna 1885.

Muna 1898 Levitan pachake akava mudzidzisi wechikoro ichocho. Akaita zvakawanda pakugadzira Imba Yezvidzidzo - hurukuro huru, masuo ayo akazarurirwa kuvarimi vose veRussia. Levitan akadzidzisa mapurisa ake kwete kungochera, asi kuda kudanana. Akavaudza kuti maruva pamamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kunhuwa semaruva, kwete pende.

Isaak Levitan akafa musi waAugust 4, 1900. Nhaka yake yakawanda, akanyora zvinenge chikamu chiuru. Levitan - anyanzvi uyo ane mifananidzo yakashongedza zvigadzirwa zvemamamamiro anozivikanwa, kunyanya akawanda emabasa ake muTrtyakov Gallery.

Zviratidzo zvekusika

Levitan anonzi mumwe wevakiki vezvinonzi "nzvimbo yekufungidzira". Pamusoro pemigariro yayo zvinhu zvezvisikwa zvinoratidzwa nechivimbo chepamusoro, panguva imwechete ivo vane kushamisa kwepfungwa mupfungwa, kuratidza kufamba kwe mweya wemunhu. Vanhu vari mumifananidzo yemufananidzo vanooneka kazhinji, asi munyori pachake, kuedza kwake kusunungura zvakavanzika zvezvose zviripo nguva dzose.

Kakawanda mabasa aRevitan anoratidza machechi, mapurisa, vatemberi. Zvinonyatsobudiswa munzvimbo dzakapoteredza zvakasikwa, dzinoumba imwe chete nayo. Kurondedzera mifananidzo yakadaro yakaiswa izwi rinokosha - "kereke yenyika". Kunyangwe panguva yezvidzidzo zvake, Levitan akanyora mifananidzo yakawanda iyi, pakati pavo "Simonov Monastery". Akatendeka kune "nzvimbo dzechechi" munyori anoramba uye mumakore apfuura. Mufananidzo "Kurira kwemanheru", Levitan akanyora muna 1892, inoonekwa seimwe yezvakanakisisa panyaya iyi.

Vanhu vazhinji vakagadzirwa vakafuridzirwa nekutenga . Pushkin naTyutchev vakazvipira nguva ino yegore mitsetse yavo yakanakisisa. Levitan zvakarewo kanopfuura kamwe akabvuma rudo rwake panguva ino. Akasika zvinopfuura zana yekuvhura mahara. Izvo zvose zvakasiyana mumisara uye mafungiro.

Mudzidzisi wacho anosvika pakakwirira kweunyanzvi hwake mumakore ekuma80 - makore ekuma90, tinogona kutaura kuti panguva iyi iyo Levitan akanga ari munyanzvi. Mifananidzo yakanyorwa munguva iyi, yakaunza kwaari-mukurumbira weRussia. Pakati pavo pane mifananidzo "Pamusi weZuva reKudya", "Vladimirka", "Evening Bells".

Mufananidzo "Gorozi Bheru" (Levitan II): tsanangudzo

Mufananidzo wacho wakanyorwa mumutauro we "kereke nzvimbo". Iyo inoratidzira musha weKivozersky, uri pedyo neguta reYuryevets, kune rimwe gomo reVolga. Muna 1890, munyori wacho akatora imba imwe chete yevarongi mumifananidzo yekuti "Cheiet residence." Shanduro itsva yakaratidza maonero akasiyana emamiriro ezvinhu akajairika.

Kana iri mu "Wakadzikama Muchengeti" munyanzvi anotungamirira maonero omutarisiri mukati memufananidzo, kumuoki wemuouki, kuenda kune monasiteri akavanza ipapo, zvino mu "Evening Bell" rwizi runomuka mberi. Anotarisa kubva kumusoro, kumucheto, kusvika kumazuva akanaka ekudenga. Izvo zvakakonzerwa zvinounza mamwe simba. Iyi manzwiro anosimbisa chikepe chacho nevanhu vanoratidzwa mukati mehombe.

Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo "Kurira kwemanheru" haichazadzike, kana kusingarevi bhenji rakakwirira rakakwirira pamusoro pehlathi uye rwizi. Chechi yeimba, kutarisa kumusoro, inofananidzira chido chevanhu chekuedza neutsvene. Asi chimiro chezvivako zvemona hachienzanisi ne diagonal yerwizi. Mifananidzo yose yakazara nemweya wekubatana uye rugare.

Kurongeka kwemufananidzo we I. I. Levitan "The Evening Bell"

Mufananidzo we "Evening Bell" (Levitan II, 1892) mufananidzo wemamoni yakakombwa nemusango wekuvhuvhuta. Munyori anoita seanokukoka muoni kuti ashanyire chiedza, kwete chese nyika yakaipa. Chinyaradzo chinokosha chinomupa mivara yakaoma: masvingo machena ezvivako zvemonastic, maruva-endarama ane makore anotenderera pamusoro pematenga akajeka, miti yakaoma yemasango, yakasimbiswa nemagetsi echinyorwa. Iyo yakanyarara pamusoro penorwizi inoratidza mavara aya, kaviri kechipiri.

Zvinotendwa kuti kuti unzwisise kunaka kwezvisikwa, kuona kuti hukuru hwetemberi dzeRussia dzaRevhi dzakadzidzisa mudzidzisi wake - Alexei Savrasov. Asi mbeu yeruzivo rwekunze uye ruzivo inogona kungotanga midzi pavhu rakaorera. Levitan aiva nemweya wakaoma uye ziso rakanaka, akakwanisa kuona rakanaka pane raiwanzoita. Mufananidzo "Kudonhedza kwemanheru" kune izvozvi zvinopupurirwa.