Mifananidzo yaFrancis Bacon. Francis Bacon: Biography

Mumwe mifananidzo yaFrancis Bacon inobatanidzwa ne "kubuda ropa" kwerudzi rwa Edward Munch. Vamwe, vachitarisa mutsara unoshamisa wemifananidzo, pakarepo rangarirai zvakanakisisa zveDali nevamwe vanyengeri. Pakupedzisira, kuwirirana kwemabasa emuenzi weChirungu ane imwe nzira yekuyerera haisi yakakosha, ivo vachabatanidzwa (kana kutotanga kuita) vanyori vezvakaitika kare. Mucherechedzi anotarirwa kune imwe nyika yakazara - kufungidzira kuvezwa kwaFrancis Bacon uye kugoverana manzwiro e "gehena akadzika pasi."

Childhood in Exil

Makore okutanga emuongorori akavezwa nezviratidzo zvinotyisa zveHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, nekuda kwekuti mhuri yake yaifanira kubva kuIreland uye kuenda kuLondon. Zvisinei, muna 1918, izvo zvakaburitsa vanhu, Francis haana kuderedza pfungwa yake yekuzvidya mwoyo . Kune ramangwana mifananidzo yemitambo yekuita basa rehondo yakaendeswa kumba kwake, uye mutongi-baba akava muvengi mukuru. Rimwe zuva, akawana mukomana nekutsvaga kwakanyanyisa: akaedza pavakadzi. Baba havana kugamuchira ungochani hwemwanakomana wavo ndokumudzinga kunze kweimba. Kwegore rose, Bacon ane makore gumi nemasere ane makore gumi nemana (17) ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu (Bacon) aifanira kugutsikana nemamwe mabasa echikoro uye mari iyo amai vake vakatumira. Ipapo mubereki akaoma akachinja kutsamwa kwake kuti anzwirwe ngoni ndokutumira Francis kuenda neshamwari yepedyo yemhuri. Ikoko majaya akava vakadikanwa ...

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Muna 1927, jaya rinotendeuka kuParis, kwaanotarisa mharidzo yaPicasso, ndokuzvisarudzira iye: iye, Francis Bacon, ndiye muvezi uyo ane peji rimwe zuva achave akapfekedzwa nekunaka kwakadaro. Iyo jaya rakashamiswa kwete chete nemichina yemazuva ano, asiwo yekare. "Kurohwa kwevana" naPoussin kwakashamisa muenzi wacho nemanzwiro ake, akafunga kuti chituko chacho chaiva chekuchema.

Mhedziso yekupedzisira inonyanya kufanana nekutaura. Tichitarisa mberi, tichataura kuti Bacon Francis (mifananidzo uye biography yemufananidzo anotsanangura izvi) akagovana kunzwisisa kwavo kwenyika sechinhu chakaipa icho munhu anenge asina kusimba uye asina kufara. Uye kusanganisa kubva maonero aya kunosvika mukudanidzira nekuda kwekunzwa kwekusurukirwa kusurukirwa.

Kudzoka kuLondon, Bacon akaziva basa remukongoti wemukati. Iyo micheka yakaumbwa naye, fesheni yakave yakakurumbira pakati pevanhu, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa zvisingaverengeki nezvemabasa ezvakanaka. Muna 1933, chimwe chezvinyorwa zveBacon zvairemekedzwa kuva pedo nechando che Picasso (mubhuku remutsoropodzi akakurumbira Herbert Reed). Izvi zvakakurudzira mufananidzo zvishoma, asi kwete kwenguva refu. Yakarongedzwa naye muna 1934, chiratidziro hachina kukonzera, kuchiisa zvinyoronyoro, kunzwa kukuru. Makore maviri gare gare - zvakare kutadza. Pasi pose maonesheni eVaSanrealists, apo Francis Bacon akaronga mapepa, akamuramba, achipindura nenzira inowanzochengetedza: vanoti, zvibvumirano hazvisi zvepamusoro zvakakwana.

Kukura kwakasikwa

Makore ehondo akanga asiri nyore kuna Francis. Pakutanga akapiwa basa rekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende, asi akazosiya pfungwa iyi nekuda kwehutano hwemunyori (akatambura nechirwere). Pane imwe pakati pa1943 na1944, Bacon akaburuka akafuridzirwa. Akaparadza zvizhinji zvemabasa ake epakutanga, uye panzvimbo pacho akapa nyika "Zvikamu zvitatu zvechifananidzo chinobva pakurovererwa". Yakanga iri iyo iyo nyanzvi Francis Bacon akazvarwa patsva, mifananidzo, iyo nhoroondo ichave iyo hurukuro yehurukuro yehafu yenyika.

Icho chidimbu chakanga chiratidzwa muhotera yeLefebvre, zvichikonzera kutyisa kukuru. Iyo yekupedzisira, zvisinei, yakangobatsira pakuwedzera kwechido mubasa remuenzi. Mumakore ekupedzisira muna 1953, chiratidziro chaBacon pachake chakaitwa muNew York, uye gore gare gare akaremekedzwa kumiririra Great Britain pa XXVII Biennale muVenice.

"Kudzidza kwomuviri womunhu" muMaybridge

Mukutanga kwema 60, Bacon akatamira kwenguva yekupedzisira. Anosarudza kugara muimba umo mabhiza aimboitwa. I-stables-studio yakava nhangano munguva yehupenyu hwomunyori, nokuti yakanga iri pano apo Frances Bacon akasika mapepa nemazita akazotevera kuzivikanwa kune chero mupi wemifananidzo yezvino. Uye nhoroondo yakafanana yakava mhirizhonga yaibata mu studio, iyo yaiva nemifananidzo, mapepadikiti, zvinyorwa zvemapepanhau zvakakosha kuna Francis. Muchidimbu chakanga chiriwo mabasa emufananidzo wemuMebridge, uyo akashanda senzira yekusika kwe "Studios yemuviri womunhu". Mukadzi nemwana akaratidzwa naBacon "vauye" kubva kuzvisikwa zvekutanga zve tenzi. Zvisinei, iyo yakakweretwa chikwata chemuenzi wacho inopa kunaka kukuru. Mukadzi akanyorwa, zvirokwazvo, chikamu chenyama yakakuvadzwa, pedyo neyo mwana akaoma mitezo. Mhepo yakaoma zvikuru yemufananidzo waFrancis Bacon inowedzerwa nekudanidzira kwemavara matsvuku ezvimbo yakakwana yekusvibiswa.

"Chimiro chinoramba chiripo"

Kwemakumi maviri emakore, muimbi uye shamwari dzake dzakava nguva dzose dze "Room neColumns" bar. Ikoko akazviwana ari mufananidzo, rimwe rawo, Henrietta Moraes, rinoratidzwa se "chifananidzo chinoramba chichiripo." Iyi ngarava, yakafanana nedzimwewo, yakazadzwa nemashoko echokwadi: kutarisa, unogona kuwana sirineni yakanamatira mufudzi remusikana, pamwe chete nemubhedha nemakumbo, ashtray, mabhuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo chaiyo yeHenrietta inotorwa zvakanyanya.

Muchidimbu chemufananidzo pane zvakajeka analogies nezvinodiwa nevamwe vatenzi, somuenzaniso, "Guernica" uye "Avignon vasikana" naPasasso. Kuramba kwakadaro hakusi kungoerekana kwaitika: Francis Bacon, uyo akashongedzwa ane ziso nokuda kwekugadzirwa kweSpain surrealist, akatsvaka "kusununguka" akafuridzirwa nemazana emakore ekunyengera kwevanhu.

Self-portraits

Kutanga kwema 70 kwakaratidzwa kune muenzi wezviitiko zvezviitiko zvinoshamisa. Muna 1971, mudikanwi waFrancis George Dyer akafa, waakagara naye kwemakore anenge manomwe. Mushure make, John Deakin, muchengeti wemifananidzo aishanda pamwe chete nomunyori, akafa (inozivikanwa kuti Bacon haana kunyora mabasa ake kubva kune zvakasikwa). Kurasikirwa kwakadaro kwakamanikidza tenzi kuti azvibatanise kakawanda. "Handina munhu wokukwevera," anodaro zvinosuruvarisa.

Kufanana nemamwe ose emifananidzo yaFrancis Bacon, kuzvidzora kwake kunowanzotora chinhu chechokwadi chemuenzaniso. Nokudaro kusakanganiswa kusingagoneki kwemuenzi kune mazhenje echando kana kuti zvinobatsira. Pane zvinopesana, mufananidzo weBacon unosimba, unoshandura pasi pebhuroshiti we tenzi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa mune zvimwe zvinyorwa, asi zvimwe zvinopera zvachose.

Eternal kubwinya

Muna 1988, panguva iyoyo Soviet Moscow yakave nekuratidzira kwemabasa aFrancis, zvisinei nenhamba shoma, iyo yakashanda seuchapupu hwechokwadi hwekuzivikanwa kwemuenzi kunze kwenyika yeWestern.

Dzimwe nguva mapikicha eBacon anokonzera mhinduro dzinopesana, asi huwandu hwevatsoropodzi haukwanise kubvumirana kuti matambudziko, maitiro ekutaura anosiya munhu asina hanya. Izvo zvakakosha kunyange ikozvino, makore 23 mushure mekufa kwaBacon.