Zvinyorwa zveFilonov, biography yemifananidzo

Mumiririri akakurumbira weRussian avant-garde Pavel Nikolaevich Filonov kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 akazivikanwa sevanyori vekunyora, kuongorora mifananidzo. Nhoroondo yaive yehutsika hwake, kubva paive nekugutsikana kusingagadziki kwechiremba mukururama kwezvinhu zvaakawana, kubata kwake nebasa uye mumiriri wekusarura muhupenyu.

Basa rake chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chenhoroondo ye-avant-garde painting. Panguva imwecheteyo mapikicha aFilonov chinhu chinoshamisa chekutanga chekutanga, icho chakava chikonzero chekugadzirisa kwetsika kwetenzi, iyo yaiva inenge inonyanya kukosha chikamu chenhaka yake.

Tanga

Mufambi wemangwana akazvarwa muna 1883 mumhuri ine urombo yevamwe vemunyika yeRyazan, avo vakatamira mukutsvaga kuve nani kuMoscow. Baba vangu vaiva mudzidzisi, amai vangu vaisherwoman. Akabatwa nokukwevera, Pavel akakurumidza kuona kuti kupera kwaizova basa rehupenyu hwake hwose.

Mushure mechikoro chepuraimari pachikoro cheparisheni muMoscow, akapedza zvidzidzo pakushongedza uye kupora mapurisa muna 1901 atove muSt. Petersburg. Ikoko, mushure mokunge vave nherera, akatamira mushure mehanzvadzi yakanga yaroora.

Basa remugadziri, uyo akaunza mari shoma, dzimwe nguva akabvumirwa kuwana chimwe chinhu chinonakidza. Nokudaro, muenzi wacho anoyeuka kubatanidzwa mumapuranga emadziro eimwe pfuma yakawanda uye mukudzorerwa kwemifananidzo yakaisvonaka pane dome reSt. Isaac's Cathedral.

Mukufananidza neongororo idzi, Filonov anoshanyira kutora zvidzidzo zveSosaiti nokuda kwekukurudzirwa kweUbudiriro uye anoedza kugadzirira kupinda muChikemy of Arts. Kuedza kwekutanga - muna 1903 - hakuna kubudirira, uye Filonov akapinda mudzimba yega yeDmitriev-Kavkazsky kuti aenderere mberi nedzidzo yake yehuni.

Muna 1908, akazova mudzidzisi, asi makore maviri gare gare achisiya, asina kuwana kunzwisisa kwevaporofesa nekuda kwepfungwa dzepakutanga pamifananidzo.

Mudzidzisi-muongorori

Nzira yekuongorora kufananidzo wepikicha yakaratidzwa kare mapeji ekutanga aFilonov nemazita e "Vakuru" (1910), "Murume Nomukadzi" (1912), "Vakadzi Vaviri Nemabhiza Ehondo" (1912), "East and West" (1912). Ivo vasati vaine chimiro kune tenzi wekutora mufananidzo kubva kune dzakawanda zvemasero anoputika, asi izvi zvakajeka kushandiswa kwemabasa.

Pano, unyanzvi hunyanzvi hunoshanda kuratidza pfungwa, inongopindirana nezvinhu zvakasimbiswa nemufananidzo. Kuzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, mabasa aya emunyori anobvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pevanhu vake, izvo zvakarasikirwa nezvinangwa zvayo, uye kuratidza kusakosha kusati kwaitika matambudziko.

Izvo zvisinganzwisisiki zvemufananidzo wemufananidzo "Musangano waMadzimambo" (1912-1913) haapi kupa zororo kuvatsvakurudzi vebasa rake kusvikira zvino. Nzvimbo yacho izere nemifananidzo yakanyatsooneka yebhaibheri zvese, zviratidzo zvinyorwa zvezinga re supranational.

Rakazadzwa nemanzwiro asingazivikanwi uye zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki. Anofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mufananidzo we tenzi, paanenge achibvumirana nehukama hwahwo hwehuporofita hwakajeka. Madzimambo evanhu vakawanda uye madzimai, ari pachigaro choumambo, anoita sangano rinofadza, richienderana nehuwandu hwevanhu pamberi peHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese. Mhemberero yemitambo ye madzimambo Filonov isingaperi uye inobatsira chero nguva ipi zvayo.

Nhengo yebasa racho

Akazvarwa pamasikati makuru ekuputsika kwenyika munzvimbo dzose dzehupenyu hwevanhu vose, Va Pavel Filonov, avo vane mifananidzo yakasiyana nekuzivikanwa kwavo zvakasiyana nemafomu uye mune zvavanoda semantic, chikamu chekuita maitiro ose, uye kwete yeRussia chete.

Anobatanidzwa mumabasa ekugadzirwa kwe "Union of Youth", anoshanda pamwe nevanyori venyika, kusanganisira Vladimir Mayakovsky naVelimir Khlebnikov. Mukukurukurirana neCubists, iye pakupedzisira anogadziriswa nemagariro ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa yake yekusika-kuongorora ruzivo.

Muna 1912, Filonov akafamba rwendo kuburikidza neFrance neItari, achifamba, sezvaaifunga, netsoka uye kuwana hupenyu semushandi. Anonyatsoziva nhaka yevatenzi vakuru vekare uye nemafambiro matsva ehupenyu huchikurumidza hunoita hupenyu hweEurope. Mifananidzo yekutanga ye Picasso nedzimwe makabhati, anoona mukati mepamberi ye-avant-garde art - muParis - uye inoita maonero avo pamusoro pavo.

Theoretical nhaka yeFilonov

Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakuongororwa nguva dzose nekuchenjerera - izvi nguva dzose zvakasiyana Filonov. Zvinyorwa zvake - nenzira dzakawanda, zvakagadzirwa nekuongorora kwakadaro, uye munhoroondo yehupirisiti kwaivawo nemabasa ezvinyorwa zve tenzi.

Nokudaro, munyaya inoti "Canon uye Mutemo", anouya nechirongwa chakajeka chekukunda kweku cubism ne cubo-futurism, uye mumushumo "Akaita mifananidzo" anoedza kugadzira pfungwa yekuongorora kwake nzira yekupenda.

Sezvo muvepi Filonov akanyora mumagwaro ake, mifananidzo ye Picasso nevateveri vake vane kukanganisa kwakafanana kwemaonero emunhu mumwechete wezvakangoita sechikoro chechokwadi. Kutaurirana kwechokwadi nehupenyu hwezvinhu uye nyika yechipfuva yevanhu haigoni kusvika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwehuwandu hweanyanzvi uye nzira. Simba ravo mukuenzanisa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvekusika nekufunga zvishoma.

Nokuda kwekushanda kwakanyatsorongeka nemasikirwo ezvisikwa, maitiro matsva anodiwa, zvinoreva kushandiswa kwehupenyu hwose hwomudzimu hweMusiki-munhu. Chinangwa ndechokusika mifananidzo nemifananidzo nemubatsiro webasa rinopfuurira uye rine simba revanhu, shanda pane imwe nhengo, atomu imwe neimwe.

Rusununguko uye kusiyana

Chinonyanya kukosha mubasa remuenzi, firimu yeFilonov-abstractionist inonyanya kukosha apo unyanzvi hwehutano hwake hunova pachena. Mune tenzi wenhaka panewo mifananidzo yakanyorwa naiye mune tsika, zvekare. Kazhinji vanoratidzira vanun'una vake uye vanhu vari pedo navo.

Mumakore ekuma1916, Filonov akasvika kuhondo - Pavel Nikolayevich akabatanidzwa uye akatumirwa ne-rank-and-file kuenda mberi kweRussian-Romanian. Akagara imomo kusvikira muna 1918, apo, mushure mokunge avhara mberi, munyori wacho akadzokera ku Petrograd atova pasi pehurumende itsva uye ari kushanda nesimba mubasa racho.

Musoro wehondo yenyika inotevedzwa nevatsvakurudzi chete mumabasa akasika asati agadziriswa, uye mushure mokudzoka kwake kubva mberi kwemafirimu Filonov akazadzwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, kunyange mavari pane dzimwe nguva post-apocalyptic motifs.

Kurwisana kweunyanzvi hutsva

Kufanana nevamwe vatungamiri veRussian avant-garde, Filonov anotarisira kubva pakapera-revolutionary nguva iyo maitiro ezvaanotarisira kuberekwa kweunyanzvi hutsva husingasungwi nemagungano. Anobatanidzwa mukusikwa kweSchool of Art Culture (Inhuk), uye kuva purofesa paC Academy of Arts, ari kuedza kuigadzirisa zvakare kubva pakuona kwenguva itsva. Bhizimisi rake guru, kunze kwebasa rakaoma uye rinopfuurira mu studio, ndiro Chikoro cheAltical Analytical, chakavakwa naye muna 1925.

Vadzidzi vaFilonov vaiva nevechidiki vechidiki vemazana vane maonero ake, vakanyorwa mu "Declaration of World Bloom" (1923) - basa guru reyanzvi retenzi. Mariri anozivisa kuvepo kwenyika huru yezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvokuti "ziso rinotarira" harigoni kuona, asi izvo zvinosvika kune "ziso reazi". Imwe nyanzvi yemazuva ano inofanirwa kuratidza ichi chimwe chiitiko, ichichipa icho chimiro chefomu yakagadzirwa naye.

Vadzidzi vakawanda vakanga vasingagoni kudzivisa simba rekushanda, izvo zvakaitwa naFilonov zvakavezwa, uye zvakawira mukutevedzera kwakachena, asi pane avo avo mazano edzidzisi akava chigadziro chesimba chezvido zvavo zvekusika.

Zvinyorwa zvemavara

Filonov muna 1927, pamwe chete nevadzidzi, inoshongedza mukati me Press Press, inogadzira zvishongedzero nekugadzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwaGogol's "Inspector", inoshanda pakabudiswa kwebhuku rinonzi "Kalevala", nezvimwewo.

Asi chikamu chikuru chehupenyu hwemhizha chakaramba chiri basa rakaoma pamifananidzo mitsva. Kuratidzira kwake kumanzwiro ake uye kuzviramba mubasa revamwe vanoyemura, uye vamwe, sevamwe muchiitiko chekusika, vakatsamwa.

Pakati pemabasa anokosha akaumbwa muma1920 na1930, dzakawanda mifananidzo, inonzi mazita: The Formula of the Petrograd Proletariat (1921), The Formula of Spring (1927), The Formula of Imperialism (1925), nezvimwewo. Ichi chaiva humwe husimbiso hwekuvimbika kune pfungwa dzekuongorora mifananidzo, iyo kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake yakachengetedzwa nemufananisi Filonov.

Mifananidzo ye "Narva Gates" (1929), "Mhuka" (1930), "Faces" (1940) - ichi chiratidzo chepasi rinogona kuona ziso rakagadzirwa nemuiti uyu.

Filonovshchina

Muchiedza chemuenzi wekugadzira chokwadi chaive chiripo zvakasiyana nechokwadi chakaoma, kutsoropodzwa kwepamutemo uye masangano emagariro ezuva iroro vakaona, zvakanakisisa, kuedza kupukunyuka kubva kumiganhu yekurwa kwehupenyu huri mberi, uye pakukurumidza kukurumidza kubatanidza kubatana kweuto uye vavaki veku communism. Uye zvishoma nezvishoma mufananidzo Pavel Filonov, uyo aive nemifananidzo yakawanda seyakadai semagariro evanhu, anova akasununguka.

Kuti aratidze kuvimbika kwake kune pfungwa dzehutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika, akanyora mifananidzo yakawanda ye "yakarurama" nyaya: "Vashandi vari mufekitari yeKrasnaya Zarya" (1931), "Tractor shop" (1931), asi izvi hazvibatsiri - zvinoregererwa nenzira dzekurarama, Zvichienderana nekushushwa nekuparadzaniswa.

Chiitiko che tenzi chinogona kunzi chakaipa (akafa nokupera simba mumwedzi wokutanga wakadzivirirwa, 3 December 1941), kana iwe usingakanganwi mukurumbira mukuru wekupedzisira wakasvika kwaari munguva yakawanda. Nhasi, mabasa ake anokoshesa pamwero wenyika yakanakisisa zvikuru, uye zita racho rinonyanya kusarudzwa pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha munhoroondo yemifananidzo yemifananidzo.