Mavrina Tatiana, artist: biography, creativity

Mavrina Tatiana Alexeevna ndiye chete muchengeti weSoviet akapiwa mubayiro weHans Christian Andersen pamubatsiro wake mukuenzanisira mabhuku evana. Mumazuva ano isati yasvika Gore Ritsva angadai ave nemakore 116. Maererano nehupenyu huripo, musikana, uyo akazova muvezi anozivikanwa, akaberekwa musi waDecember 20 (mumakore ekutanga 7) muna 1900. Kuva munhu mukuru, pane dzimwe nguva nguva dzose zvakatora makore mashoma. Zvichida kubva pano ndiyo mazuva ekuberekwa kwa1901, 1902. Munhu anofara anosemwerera, tenzi wehukuru hwakanaka, ndizvo zvaanorondedzera panguva yake.

Makore makumi manomwe ekugadzirwa

Mavrina Tatiana (1900-1996) akararama munyika kwenguva inenge zana. Uhu hwake hwakapfuura pasi peTsar, huduku nehukukura - pasi pesimba reSoviet. Nezvakaita saiye, vanoti: "Ndaona zvakawanda". Matambudziko ekutendeuka haana kukanganisa maitiro ake akanaka enyika. Kwemakumi manomwe emakore ekupenda uye mubhuku mufananidzo, akasika yose yakazara yezvakanaka zvisingakanganwi mifananidzo yakanyorwa.

Zvaiita sokuti muSoviet Union kwakanga kusina mwana uyo asina kumboyemura kuona kwekunda mwanasikana wamambo akafira kubva mukubata kweChernavka. Bhuku rinonzi "The Tale of the Dead Princess uye The Seven Knights", rakagadzirwa naTatyana Alekseevna, rakabudiswa muna 1949. Nyika yacho yakadzidza uye yakarangarira nzira yetsamba yacho, pedyo ne-primitivism, Old Old Russian uye tsika yevanhu.

Imwe maitiro ekushanyira Fair Fair yeEpiphany muNizhny Novgorod yakanyura mukati memwoyo wemusikana. Sezvo ari murume akakura, Lebedeva akayeuka kuti aifarira sei maikoni: kutakura kutakura kwaiuya kubva shure kweVolga. Akakoshesa maonero emabhiza echisvikiro akavharwa nesingano, apo waaida zvikuru Semenov neGododets maidhoni akauyiswa.

Chisarudzo chakanga chakakura zvikuru zvokuti maziso akazarurwa. Vana vakaenda vakasarudza kusvikira vakashandurwa kuva "nhamba dzakaoma". Rudo rwekutamba kwevanhu rwakanga rwakaita kuti pasave purogiramu.

Kurota kunouya

"Shanduro yekushongedza" mumunda mutsva yakabudirira. Imwe nyanzvi Tatyana Mavrina akasiya nhaka yakawanda: ane mabhuku anopfuura 200 ekirasi yakakwirira. Nyaya huru ndeye "Mavrinskaya Pushkiniana". Yeuka vasikana vatatu vari pasi pehwindo, avo vakanga vachifuratira manheru manheru, svjatyu Babu Babarhu, mamwe mavara ane mavara "Tales of Tsar Saltan."

Kana imwe nyanzvi yakadzidza nyanzvi pamusoro peketani yegoridhe yekiki inoputika ... Muveki akaumba nyika inokosha: kudedera, kumutsa mafungiro, kunokanganisa kufunga. Iye chikamu chehuduku hwedu. Pano pane ruzivo rwaVaMavrina Tatiana Alexeevna mifananidzo yePushkin yenyaya dzevhangeri dzakarota kunyora mumakore eGreat Patriotic War. Pasinei nekuparadzwa kwechiuto, zvifananidzo zvekudya zvakaonekwa kwaari kose-kose.

Kubvira kuNikzhny kuMoscow

Kubvira paucheche, achiziva basa rekasiki, pane zvipfeko zvekare zveZagorsk pink zvivako (Zagorsky kubva muna 1930 kusvika muna 1991 zvinonzi Sergiev Posad), mupfungwa mupfungwa akabvisa Golden Cockerel kubva munhau yezita rimwe chete. Zvisinei, kunyatsopindira mukuenzanisira mabasa aPushkin, mufananidzo-mufananidzo-wakagadziriswa chete mushure mekukunda kukuru.

Ndiani iye, Tatiana Mavrina? The biography of a representative of the Russian Soviet intelligentsia is not secret. Akaberekerwa muNizhny Novgorod. Zita rababa vangu raiva Alexei Ivanovich Lebedev. Mudzidzisi nemunyori vakapa mwanasikana wake zita rake. Asi muna 1930 akatora puseudonym - zita raamai vake.

Ancleasia Petrovna Mavrina, kufanana nemurume wake, akanga achiita basa rokudzidzisa (ndiye akanga ari mutungamiriri wevadzidzi veNizhny Novgorod ainzi Gatsis nokuda kwevasikana kubva kumhuri dzine urombo). Alexei naAnastasia vaiva nevana vana - vatatu vanasikana nemwanakomana. Vakakurira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, vakaiswa rudo rwemabhuku, unyanzvi, mimhanzi.

Upenyu mumusoro

Tatyana ndiye akakurumbira kupfuura hanzvadzi dzake. Munun'una wake Sergei akapinda muSoviet nhoroondo semasayendisiti, uyo aive patsime remakambani emakombiyuta. Kubva kuNizhny Novgorod kune mhuri yakanaka yakatamiswa muna 1920. Musikana uyu akadzidza pachikoro chakakurumbira chokugadzira Vhutemas-Vhutein (mashizha epamusoro uye mazano emagetsi uye sangano). Akadzidza basa reFrench artists.

Pane imwe chikwata vadzidzi vakatakurwa nehutano hwevanhu (ivo vaifarira mufananidzo wepeji, lubok, tiles, gingerbread board). Une mutauro unofadza, apo ruvara "rwunonzwika" pachena, nyika yakafara uye yakashongedza, uye zvinyorwa zvisingatyi, Mavrina Tatiana akaumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Maumbirwo emufananidzo akabatsira vadzidzisi N. Sinezubov, G. Fedorov, R. Falk.

"Kubwinya kwemazana gumi"

Muna 1929 chiratidziro chakaitika kuMoscow, umo vatapi 13 vaitora chikamu. Sangano rekusika revatsigiri vaduku rekudhira "panguva yezvakasikwa" rainzi "gumi nematatu" (nenhamba yevatori vechikamu). Vechiduku Lebedeva nemurume wake weramangwana pamwe chete naKokolai Kuzmin vaiva nhengo dzevanoramba "kinks gothic uye kusawirirana kwepfungwa".

Sezvo vazova vakaroorana, munguva yechando vaigara muimba duku kuSukharevskaya Square kuMoscow. Nguva inoshuva yegore yakasarirwa kupedza pa dacha muAbritstsevo. Pamwe, ipapo vakawana nzira inofadza uye inofadza yehupenyu, iyo yavakatsigira. Uye vakanyora mumhando ye "unyanzvi hwokunyarara". Mavrina Tatiana akasika zvinyorwa uye zvinonakidza (dzimwe nguva nemumvuri weuseroti) easel inoshanda. Vakakwezva kutarisa.

Chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu

Mune unyanzvi hwema1930, kambani uye kupembera kwechokwadi kwakaonekwa. Nemhaka yekudzivirira kwakasimba uye mafungiro emagariro, vazhinji vevanyori (kusanganisira Mavrina naVizmin) vakashandura kuva mukamuri, vachiratidza nyika dzakazadzwa nerudo kunyika yavo yekuzvarwa, zviitiko zvehupenyu hwemhuri (zvose zvakanga zvisiri kunze kwezvinyorwa uye zvinangwa).

Boka "13" rakagadzira mavara ayo. Nokukurumidza mukati meharaunda maiva nekuparadzana, yakaputsika. Zvisinei, pakati pemakore ekuma1930, zvinyorwa zvekunyorwa kwe "Dhiabhorosi Dzenhe" zvakanyatsosimbiswa mubhuku uye mumifananidzo mifananidzo. Painting Tatiana Mavrina kazhinji ndeyenguva ino. Mabasa acho anoyeuchidza maFrance post-impressionist maitiro.

Kuunganidza uye kugadzira zvishamiso

Oiri kupfeka muhomba yenguva yekupedzisira munyori akanyora muna 1942. Yakanga iri mifananidzo ye "Kudhanha pavhenanda yekambani." Pashure pacho, maererano nekureurura kwake, humwe hupenyu hwakatanga. Asi mukadzi akasimba haana kuora mwoyo nekuda kwekushaiwa kwemavara uye machira ekupenda. Yakaratidzwa bhuku rakanyora uye rakanyora muMoscow. Guta rakapfuura nepakati nepakati. Mushure megore remakore makumi maviri remoto remakore rechimakumi maviri, Tatiana Alexeyevna aifarira kuunganidza zvidhori, matoyi evhu, tereys, mabasa akavezwa. NaNikolai Kuzmin vakanyora chikamu chinokanganisa chetsika yevanhu.

Akabatana nemurume wake, akapfeka mavhiri engoro, mabirk mabark mabhosi (mabhodhoro), mabhodhoro, akaita mapepa e-luboks, sekunge achigadzira mifananidzo yekukakavara. Saka, kubva pachidzidzo kusvika kune chinhu, yakashongedzwa nenzira yekushongedza, tenzi wevanhu vakaberekwa. Muna 1950-1960, munyori ane tsamba huru akatorwa nechitarisiko chezvakasikwa. Ndakaenda kumisha yeRussia, iyo nhoroondo yave yakachengetwa kubvira kare.

Mwenje yebhuruu yemafuta

Mune nzvimbo ipi Tatyana Mavrina akafuratira pa cornflowers pahwindo - hazvina basa. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuti mufananidzo wacho wakaonekwa uye unorarama kunyange mushure mekufa kwemunyori. Kutarisa pamufananidzo wezita rimwe chete, vana vekuchikoro cheSoviet vanoyeuka bhuku rekuRussia, rakadzidziswa mumakirasi ekutanga. Pachikonzero chemufananidzo uyu wakajeka, varume vacho vakagadzira (uye vachikudziridza) kufarira mumabasa ezvakanaka.

Kurondedzera chimwe nechimwe chinyorwa pamutsara, uye nhasi vana vanotsanangura zvavari kunzwa, sezvavanonzwisisa pfungwa yemuiti. Sezvo atora zindo paimba yepamusoro, tenzi webrasiti yakaratidza kuunza vateereri pedyo nedenga. Pamusoro pedenga remba, iro rinonyatsooneka kune munhu "muimba", hapana zuva. Asi kuvapo kusingaonekwi kwechiedza kunopa makore egoridhe, inopenya pahwindo uye gorosi.

Miracle-alphabet

Pamusana pekuti zvinhu zviri mumufananidzo (maruva, makore, imba) hazvina kunyatsotarisana, kune manzwiro ezvisizvo zvisingaitiki: zvose zvinoshanduka zviri munzvimbo, sezvinosvibira kubva kupisa. Kupararira kwechirwere nyore nyore, uye chii chinoguma! Tinonzwa sekupisa kwemazuva ezuva. Denga rakajeka zvokuti rinojekesa: izuva rezhizha. Maruva pahwindo, uye kwete mukati memukamuri - semupumburu wehupenyu uye husina upenyu. Bvisa "meso" emaruva mumutauro webhuruu wokudenga. Great solution.

Vamwe vanodavira kuti "Mavara" Mavrina - imwe yerudzi rwemufananidzo wenhau. Bhuku remudiki kudarika hupfumi hwevanhu fantasy. Kudzidza tsamba, vana vedu vachadzidza joke yakanaka, vanogamuchira mirairo isingaiti, vanofarira zvishamiso.

The primer inoonekwa seimwe yenyanzvi, iyo mubhuku revana rekudhinda haisi yakawanda. Vaya vakadzidza zvakadzama uye vakadzidza nhaka yeRussian graphic artist, vanopokana: vertex yezvakagadzirwa zvinopenya kumativi ose hazvigoneki.

A plexus yakasiyana yezvishamiso

Bhuku risina kujairika kuvana vechidiki vaduku vepakutanga uye yechikoro, rakabudiswa muna 1969 kwete sechinyorwa chinyorwa. Iyo yakanakisisa "Goznak" (Moscow) yakaita unyanzvi, inoshanda chete pamirairo yehurumende inokosha. Vavengi uye vateki ve polygraphy yeuka iyi tsvuku tsvuku yemakadhibhodi, ndarama yakavhara pasi pachifukidziro, guruva jakete rakagadzirwa nechendarama.

Tatiana Alekseevna Mavrina akadana sei basa rake? "Fairy-tale alphabet". Hazvishamisi: mukadzi uyu ane tarenda aisagona kurarama pasina rugare, uko kwose kwenhema, hongu mairi, chidzidzo chechidiki vana vaduku. Nokukora mavara, iyo mhizha yakaumba maitiro akaoma ezvinyorwa zvakawanda.

Kudzidza nokutamba

A, b, c, d, d ... Nhanho iri mudenga rezivo iri nyore, inofadza, yakajeka, yakavimbika. Zvinoratidzika kuti munyika yedu yakasiyana-siyana (pane zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvemavara), iyi classical alfabheti haina inoyanana mukuwanika, uchenjeri, kugona. Vana vanoda mutambo "mumashoko". Mavrina Tatiana akashandisa iyi "mano".

Mifananidzo inogara mutsamba imwe neimwe iri kurarama uye ichiita mutsara mumwechete nevanoratidzika kwazvo. Masiteri ekirasi yakakwirira - kuita kuti rimwe runyoro rwenyore, rimwe baritone, rinoshanda kuti rizivikanwe netsamba. Iwe unogona kutarisa manheru manheru semhepo inobhururuka-swans (uye Baba-yaga kurwisa), iyo mushroom-boletus inokura, mhepo yeTsar Saltan inofamba, inotora Dudon kubva muhomwe yeGoogle Cockerel.

Vane mazita anozivikanwa uye vanofarira vanyori Tatyana Alexeyevna vanongoratidzwa kwete mu "encrypted form", asiwo pamapeji akasiyana. Mwana wekusingaperi mumvura, Mavrin haana kugara achipa mhinduro kune zvipfeko. Akakumbira vana kuti vagadzirise ivo pachavo.

Pano pano huri huchenjeri

Iko mufaro, wakagara, waiva munyika Mavrina Tatiana Alekseevna! Mifananidzo ye tenzi, sekunge yakabva munhau. Mifananidzo yakanaka kwazvo inofananidzira mifananidzo. Mune zvemweya, izvo zvinoshayikwa nevana vemazuva ano. Inofadza kuziva kuti ndeipi inowanikwa chinangwa chehupenyu. Kune pfungwa yokuti vana, vakakwidzwa pamusoro penhaka yeRussia graphic arts, vanonzwa vakaonda, zvakadzika, uye zvishoma.

"ABC" inodhindwa zvakare mumazuva edu. Mukati, nyika inotyisa yakawanda, mwanakomana weEnglish Elisey, Hanzvadzi Alenushka, Emelya pachitofu, Sivka-Burka, Went Kaurka, akadzoka. Vabereki vazhinji vanobvuma: ivo vanoda chaizvo vana kuti vave neshamwari nebhuku rakashongedzwa neruoko rwechokwadi chaiye, anofungidzirwa. Vamwe vanopa mazano vanoti: "Kana iwe uchida" Maorish style "." Tinotarisira kuti iwe nevana vako muchazvifarira.

Kuzvikudza kwedu uye kunaka

Tinopedzisa nhoroondo neavo vaitaura pakutanga: zvakaoma zvikuru kunyora maguta ose eRussia umo Mavrina Tatiana Alexeevna akashanyira. Kushanya kwake kwakarangarira kwenguva refu nevakwegura veZvenigorod, Pereslavl Zalessky, St. George's, Suzdal, Uglich, Yaroslavl, Kostroma. Chigumisiro chekufamba maitiro ibhuku-album inonzi "Roads-roads", yakagadzirwa muimba yekudhinda "Mudzidzisi we RSFSR" muna 1980. Muchikamu-212 marudzi emakona akaenzana eRussia (mvura, gouache).

Dhiyabhorosi yerukari "Pamusoro pemunyori" ane mitsara mumitauro yakawanda (kusanganisira Chirungu, French, German). Bhuku racho rakadhindwa muGermany mune imwe nyanzvi yekunyora mabhuku. Tatyana Alekseevna akasarudza mapepa acho pachake, akavaka nzvimbo. Muna 1976, nokuda kwemabasa ake akapiwa zita reLaureate reHurumende yeHurumende yeU.SR, yakazova Mudzidzisi WekuRussia.

Zvinonakidza maonero anotevera evatsoropodzi vezvigadzirwa (uye vasiri vagari vasina ruzivo): kazhinji mushure mekufa kwemuenzi, zvizhinji zvezvisikwa zvakasikwa, zvinoratidzirwa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakashata ndezvechokwadi: mutsara wokuti "mufananidzo wakaisvonaka" unogona kuziviswa pasina kunyadziswa, sezvinoitika muupenyu. Mabasa aT TA Mavrina ari mumakamuri makuru makuru muRussia.