Barnett Newman - expensive abstractionist

Barnett Newman - mumiririri akakurumbira weAmerican division of abstract art. Akazvarwa muna 1905 muNew York. Imwe mapepa ezita rake inowanzonzi: Newman. Mumitauro yemutauro weChirungu anozivikanwa saBarnett Newman.

Mifananidzo yakawanda yakachengetedzwa sei

Nenzira, mufananidzo Barnett Newman akaparadza zvachose mapeji ake ekutanga, anenge makumi mana emakore ebasa akayambuka uye, zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvachose nekurohwa kwebrashe. Nokudaro, nhasi, vachitaura nezvebasa reNewman, vatsvakurudzo vanongoshanda chete ne "kupona" kwezvikamu zvekupedzisira kwenguva yakawanda yezvidimbu zana, zvinosangana nenguva iyo inenge makore makumi maviri namashanu.

Zvikamu zvekugadzirisa

Vabereki vake vaibva kuPoland, vaJudha vepakutanga. Kunyora mudiki Barnett Newman akadzidziswa muArt Students League, inozivikanwawo seArt Student League. Iyi nguva yekugadzirisa inoratidzirwa nemuongorori mumutauro we autom automm waJackson Pollock, uye Barnett Newman anotakura maikirwo, uye iye nemusoro wake anoenda mundiro yekutora nemafungiro ezvakawanda. Zvakakosha kuti panguva imwecheteyo akaumba chikoro cheunyanzvi pamwe chete nemifananidzo yakadai yeAmerica yemakore makumi maviri seRothko, Motherwell uye Basiotis.

Inguva yekuzarura

Nzvimbo yekutanga yekuratidzira, uko chete mabhairirwo aBarnett Newman, akazoputswa nevanotsoropodza nyanzvi mune zvinyorwa zvekuongorora. Chigumisiro chakanga chiri kuora mwoyo kwenguva refu uye kusada kuratidzira basa ravo kuvanhu, kurarama izvo zvakaitwa nemufananisi makore masere chete gare gare, paakasarudza kuisazve kugadzirisa kwemabasa akange aripo. Mukuwedzera, kwaiva munguva iyi iyo Newman akaparadza zvose zvemabasa ake epakutanga, kuitira kuti zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti akanga asiri kungoita mutenzi webrashi, asiwo akaoma.

Mabasa anozivikanwa zvikuru aBarnett Newman mifananidzo yakanyorwa pakati pa1947 na1970. Iyi ndiyo purogiramu inoshandiswa, inodanwa mune mutsara unotyisa, iyo inotaura nezve nyika isiri iyo chinangwa chete nekufamba kwebrashi. "Murairo", "Kubatana", "Euclid's Eruption", "Midnight Blue" uye mamwe mabasa ekuregererwa nhasi anoita zvikamu zvepachivande, kusanganisira kuunganidza mhuri yemuiti, uye zvinoratidzwa mune dzinoverengeka dzemaziyamu eUnited States. Imwe Museum of Modern Art muNew York ine, zvichida, iyo yakakwana yakaunganidzwa, inofukidza nguva dzakasiyana dzehupenyu hwemunyori.

Newman's Manner

Vatsoropodzi vanofunga kuti iye ari vamiririri veAmerica vasinganzwisisi kutaura. Nyanzvi yakadaro yakakurumbira saClement Greenberg yakapa mufananidzo uyu tsanangudzo yemufananidzo wevhu iyo yakabatanidzwa nayo, iyo inonyatsoratidza musiyano pakati pehutano hwezvigadziriswa uye mapuraneti akajeka aRothko naNewman. "Mifananidzo yemumunda" inoratidza kwete pamapfudzi, asi inoratidzira rudo rwevatenzi vaviri nekuda kwemapuraneti makuru asina kukwana mumabasa avo. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti chimiro ichi chine chirevo chechifilosofi, uye mazwi ari pamusoro pechando haaparadzani chero chinhu, izvo zvinoreva kuti mufananidzo uyu, uyo unoparidza chimwe chemashoko makuru eAmerica, isununguko.

Kufuridzirwa

Kufuridzirwa Barnett Newman (muimbi) kwakabva kune mafilosofi. Kudzoka muna 1947, akadudza chinangwa chakakwirira chemhando ipi zvayo-kwete kuva kwenguva pfupi, kugadzirisa pfungwa dze epochal: upenyu, rufu, munhu uye zvisikwa. Zita rakaoma rakapiwa mitsindo rakasimbisa purogiramu yemanzwiro nemanzwiro ayo munyori aiedza kujekesa nemuvara ari oga mune zvenyika isina vavariro. Zvinosuruvarisa, vatsoropodzi vane ruzivo vakakwanisa kuongorora nzira iyi nekufamba kwenguva.

Maitiro ekutarisa paNewman's canvases

Munharaunda yevashandi nevanoita zvekugadzira kune mutemo usingatauri: kuitira kuti zvive nechinangwa chechidimbu, zvinodikamwa kuti uende kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yakaenzana nekukwirira kwayo. Nheyo yakafanana yakashandiswa kubva kuMiddle Ages kusvika kuRakabheti uye shure kwezvizhinji, asi Barnett Newman akatsigira kuti mifananidzo yake inofanira kuonekwa chete kubva kure. Iyi nzira inopa chii? Mhedzisiro yekuzadza muoneki munyika ine mavara akanaka. Gare gare, tenzi weNew York akatotanga kutumira mirayiridzo yekuti angatarisa sei mapeji ake, pakarepo pazviratidzwa.

Kutenga zvakadhura

Izvo zvakanga zvisingagamuchirwi nevanhu venguva yakareba kusvikira nguva yekupedzisira yebasa rake yakarumbidzwa gare gare uye kunyanya munguva yedu. Zvicheka zveAmerica zvidzidzo zvekudzivirira nguva nenguva zvinopararira mune zvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvikuru, kusanganisira inozivikanwa yokutsvaga Sotheby's. Mumwe wavo, uyo akapinda pasi penyundo munguva pfupi yapfuura, akafungidzirwa pa $ 30 mamiriyoni.

Uye panguva imwechete kukanganisa kwemuenzi hakuiti zvose zvinokonzera zvakanaka mafungiro. Basa raBarnett Newman Onement VI nevamwe rinonzi imwe yezvinhu zvisingabatsiri uye zvinonyangadza zvakave zvakambosvika mukutengeserana. Mutengo wemufananidzo wekutengeswa kwekupedzisira muna 2013 paSotheby's waiva mamiriyoni makumi mana emadhora emari, basa pacharo raiva guru guru, rakagadzirwa nepepuru yebhuruu rine mavara, zvakatowanda. Zvisikwa zvinotumidzwa seinoti "mheni" kunze kweiyo "minda". Izvo zviyero zvose zvebasa iri 2.6 x 3 m.

Barnett Newman "Chiedza chaAna" chakazvitsaurira kuna amai vake vakafa. Kunyatsotaura, chinhu ichi chinyorwa chakakosha chekukura kwakakura, kwakazadzwa neparimine-pfupa yepepuru. Muna 2013, "unyanzvi" hwakakonzerwawo nekutengeserana ndokuenda pasi penyundo kwemazana 106 (!) Mamiriyoni emadhora. Pamusoro pezvesayenzi, chitubu chinozivikanwa nekuti Newman aifanira kutarisana nesimba rinopenya rebhuvara rakaita ruvara rutsvuku kuwedzera kupenya kubva kumhepo yakachena yakagadzirwa. Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepende tsvuku zvakaderedza ruvara rwehutano urwu ndokuita kuti "matsi" uye "kuchema", zvakadai semafungiro emufananidzo, anofanira kunge ari mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.