Mufananidzo weVermeer "Milkmaid". Nhoroondo, tsanangudzo

Ichi chithunzi chiduku nhasi chine mamiriro asina mamiriro ezvinhu edzidziso yepamusoro yenyika inokosha, yakaenzana nekusika kwaRafael naLeonardo, Rembrandt naVelasquez. Munyori waro anotorwa semudzidzisi, nenzira dzakawanda akacherechedza kukosha kwe Golden Age yekudhindwa kweDutch kwezana remakore re XVII. Sezvo kazhinji zvichiitika neunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvehutano huno, Vermeer pikicha "Milkmaid" yakachengetedza kwemazana emakore mazana matatu ekuvapo kwayo, mukana wekusiyana kwekutenderera kwekutenderera kune wese akaiona iyo yekutanga, uye nzvimbo yekutaridzirwa kutsva nevanotsvakurudza vezvizvarwa zvitsva.

Riddle of Vermeer

Iyi tenzi nhasi inowanikwa nenyanzvi dziri pamwe naRembrandt naFrans Hals - misoro yeDutch Golden Age, uye kwemazana maviri emakore mushure mekufa kwake yaifungidzirwa somunhu akachenjera, mumwe wevanyori vakawanda vanoita basa vanogona kushongedza dzimba dzeimba muHolland yose. Uyu munyori, uyo akararama kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana, akanyora mifananidzo miviri pagore, kunyange zvazvo vaaishanda navo muchitoro vakapa mifananidzo yakawanda mwedzi, havana kusiya mushure mekunyatsojekesa biography, kwete imwe chete yakagadziriswa mufananidzo wega. Imwe yezvisarudzo zvekuzvidzivirira kwayo-inofungidzirwa inofungidzirwa kuti inofara gentleman, iri kuruboshwe rwechifananidzo "Skvodnitsa".

Chikonzero chekukanganwa zita raVermeer hazvina kujeka - munguva yehupenyu hwake aifarira mukurumbira, kunyange zvazvo asina kuenda mberi kweavo vaigara Delft. Nokuti mifananidzo yake yakabhadharwa mari yakawanda, kunyanya, mufananidzo weVermeer "Milkmaid" yakatengwa nemari yakawanda ye 175 guilders. Zvinotendwa kuti chimwe chezvikonzero zvekufa kwake kwekutanga ndiko urombo. Chinhu chimwe chete chaaizvidzwa nevatengi ndechekuderera mubasa. Pamwechete, kubatanidzwa kwezvinhu 34 kwakagadziriswa pamutemo, mamwe mifananidzo yakawanda inongowanikwa kuVermeer, uye imwe neimwe inonzi inofanirwa pasi rose, nguva isati yasvika pane zvinyorwa uye zvakagadzikana, mune fomu uye nzira, mumagariro ezvigadzirwa.

Mushonga wemukaka kana musikana?

Akashanda zvakanyanya pane zvese zviduku zvemavara ake uye aifunga zvishoma nezvekugadzirisa zvinyorwa zvake, nguva yekusika uye haana kumbovapa mazita chaiwo. Izvi zvinopindirana muurongwa hwemifananidzo yake. Akakoka muoni kuti afungisise zvaakanyora pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu hwake nekuvandudza, kupedzisa nyaya, yaakatanga kutaurira mumufananidzo.

MuChirungu, mufananidzo weVermeer "Milkmaid" inowanzotumidzwa kuti The Milkmaid, milkmaid. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinokurudzira kukurukurirana pakati pevashanduri vevhidhiyo vanoona Vermeer semuimbi weDutch upenyu hwemaguta. Vanosimbisa kuvapo kwehutano hwakasimba hwevashumiri vekumba, uye musikana anodurura mukaka kubva mubhodhoro revhu ndeye mushumiri, zvichida mubiki anobika pudding yakakosha kubva kune chingwa, iyo iripo mumufananidzo sechikamu chechiedza chehupenyu.

Zvinoratidzika kuti basa remusikana - ndiro chegumi, zvinonyanya kukosha kudarika kuzvikudza kwake kunoshamisa uye kushamwaridzana naye, izvo munyori anotaura.

Chiitiko chiri mukicheni

Vermeer mufananidzo we "Milkmaid" mufananidzo muduku - 45x41 masikati. Zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi nekugadzirwa nekuratidzwa. Pamberi pedu isimbi yakanyanyisa yeaononic, isina ruzivo rwusingadikanwi, iyo inobvumira kuti izadzwe pamuromo uye ine ruvara rworuboshwe nemhepo. Chimiro chakaoma asi chakanyatsoumbidzika chemusikana wacho chinonyatsooneka pamusana pekunze kwechimiro chemasvingo. Iwe unogona kutotarisa ruvara rutsvuku runoparadzanisa munhu mukuru kubva kumashure. Iyi nzira yekuzadza nzvimbo yakaisvonaka yakanga iri itsva - vanyori venguva iyoyo vakaedza kufadza muoni nehupfumi nekuwanda kwemashoko emufananidzo.

Zvichida ichi chido chakanga chiri kubva kuVermeer. X-ray kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti pamusvingo kumashure kwaive nechimwe chimiro chakaoma, zvichida - mepu yenzvimbo. Asi tenzi akauramba, achimubvumira kuisa pfungwa pane chimiro chemunhu mukuru, pamusana wechiso chake, zvakanyatsogadzirwa nguo, mapepa etafura yepamusoro uye pamusoro pekunakidza huri-hupenyu.

Zvinyorwa zviri kumashure zvinokwana kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvemufananidzo nemamwe oseusoni uye kuzarura rwonzi rwaro runoshamisa uye nekugadzirwa kwakanaka kwebhasiki, filigree yekugadzirwa kweteri iri pasi pechidziro uye kunyanya kunobatsira kwebasa remhangura yemhangura pamadziro rinopindirana nemucheka unoshanda we tablecloth uye jira romusikana. Mufananidzo weVermeer "Milkmaid" inyanzvi yemuvaraidza mukuru!

Virtuoso technique

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanosimbisa kuti paaishanda pamufananidzo, Vermeer akashandisa kamera obscura - chigadzirwa chakanaka chakakwanisa kubatsiridza kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro pakugadzira, mavara uye chiedza chekubatana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvehomba. Vermeer aiva nemafungiro akafanana - munhaka yake - "inoshamisa" mukurumbira, kutendeseka uye kurondedzera "veduty" - "Ona yeguta reDelft" uye "Little Street", iyo yaisakwanisika kuita pasina kamera yakavhara.

Vatsvakurudzi vakaona uchapupu hwekushandiswa kwechigadzirwa chemafuta muchidiki chekurasikirwa kwehupamhi mberi, mumufananidzo wechingwa mubhasiki, iyo yaiva chinhu chinoshamisa chezviitiko zvakadaro. Asi mukugadzirisa kwayo hakuna kuora kwehutano hweunyanzvi hwemhizha hwemhanzi. Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo waJan Vermeer "Milkmaid", kubva pakatarisana nemufananidzo wemifananidzo, inoratidzira hukuru hwake. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nehusununguko rwekubatanidza zvakadzama dense dense smear iyo inofanidza chiso chemusikana, kuumbwa kwechivimbo chemufananidzo pamapanga ezvigadzirwa uye filigree dot smears iyo yakaparadzira hupenyu huri hupenyu hwechingwa kubva kuchiedza chinopenya. Uye ruvara rwemadziro nemarumarari ane ruzivo rwependekera rinoshamisa!

I "Mufaro weGooconda"

Uye zvakadaro "Mirimai" - Mufananidzo weVermeer - uri pamusoro pezvose basa rakajeka uye rakawanda repfungwa. Kosemwerera kwakavanzika na tenzi pamusiyano wakasiyana wechiedza unowira pamusikana wemusikana unopiwa nekunzwisisa mazano nekunyengera uye polysemy yakaenzana neicho chiri muLeonard's masterpiece. Chii musikana mutsva anofunga pamusoro pekutarisa mukaka wakaonda? Akangobva aneta here? Kurota? Wakarangarira chimwe chinhu here?

Zvichida, munyori wemufananidzo "Milkwoman" Jan Vermeer weDelft aisagona kutaura pamusoro peizvi zvakare. Ichi chakavanzika, icho chave chiri kurarama kwemakore anopfuura mazana matatu, chinoramba chichirarama, nepo unyanzvi hwechokwadi huri hupenyu.