Muvakirwo akakurumbira Montferrand Auguste: biography, mabasa

St. Petersburg, kana, sezvazvainziwo, NorthernNorthrara, kutaridzika kwayo kunoshamisa hakusi kwechikonzero chekuvakwa kwevadzidzi veEurope, iyo madzimambo eRussia akakokwa kurongedza nekugadzirisa. Pakati pawo pane muvakiriti Montferrand. Zvizhinji zvezvisikwa zvake nhasi ndezvimwe zviratidzo zvakakurumbira zveguta pane Neva uye inoshongedza vazhinji vezviitiko zvevatariri.

Auguste Montferrand: biography (ubwana)

Henri Louis Auguste Ricard de Montferrand akaberekwa muna 1786 muChaillot (ikozvino chikamu cheParis). Sezvo muvakiriti pachake aivimbisa munguva yemberi, vabereki vake vakauya nenheyo pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvavo zvepamusoro, vachiwedzera kune zita remhuri zita ravaiva naro chaizvoizvo.

Mushure mokufa kwababa vake Auguste, amai vake vakaroora zvakare. Stepfather, uyo aiva muvakirwi anozivikanwa, akabva atanga kumuda mukomana akachenjera uye akaita zvose kuti awane dzidzo yakanaka.

Makore emakore

Muna 1806, Auguste Montferrand akanyora muParis Academy of Architecture, apo vadzidzisi vake vaiva P. Fontaine, S. Percier uye baba vokurera Antoine Commare. Pasi peutungamiri vekupedzisira, akabatanidzwa mukuvakwa kereke yaMaria Magadharini. Zvisinei, akakurumidza kunyorerwa muuto, uye kwenguva yakati akashanda muItaly.

Paakadzokera kuParis, ava nemakore 26, Auguste Montferrand akaroora, uye mushure mechinguva iye pachake akazvitsaurira kubatana neNapoleonic Guard. Muhondo yeArno, akaratidza kuva murwi akashinga uye akapiwa Mutemo weLegion of Honor. Zvichida Montferrand angadai akaenderera mberi nebasa rake rehondo, dai pakanga pasina kukundwa kweNapoleon muhondo yeLeipzig, nguva pfupi mushure mokunge jaya racho raenda kumusha.

Kusangana naAlexander wekutanga

Nhasi zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisiki, asi mukukundwa kweFrance kumambo weRussia vazhinji vevagari vemo vaibatwa vasina hanya. Uyezve, Auguste Montferrand akanga achingofara apo paakagamuchira vateereri naAlexander wekutanga. Akauyisa mambo ane albamu nemapurogiramu akawanda emapuranga, pachivharo checho chakanyorwa kuzvitsaurira kumambo weRussia. Pakati pavo pane mifananidzo yebelisk yakakura, mufananidzo wekuenzanisa, Arc de Triomphe, nevamwe .. Tsar yakanyanya kufarira chokwadi chokuti pfupi pfupi yezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvakakosha pakugadziriswa kweimwe purojekiti yakaiswa pamifananidzo uye mari inoshandiswa yemari yakaratidzwa.

Imwe nguva mushure mevateereri, mugadziri weMontferrand akagamuchira tsamba yepamutemo, iyo yaakakumbirwa panzvimbo yeAlexander wekutanga kusvika kuSt. Petersburg.

Kufamba kuRussia

Auguste Montferrand haana kunyunyuta zvachose asati asarudza nezvekadhidheni kuchinja muupenyu hwake. Muna 1816, muumbi wekugadzira akasvika kumusoro wekumusoro ane tsamba yekukurudzira kubva kuna Abraham-Louis Breguet kusvika Augustine Betancourt. Uyu wechipiri ndiye ari sachigaro wekambani yekugadzira guta reSt. Petersburg, uye hutungamiri hwake hunogona kubatsira zvikuru kumushandi weParis. Betancourt akashamiswa netsamba kuna Breguet, uyo aiva bhizimisi rake mubasa muma1770, saka akagamuchira mukadzi wechiFrench ndokubvuma kuverenga mifananidzo yake. Basa rake rakamufadza, uye akakoka jaya kuti atore nzvimbo yemusoro wevashandi vematare mu komiti yakatungamirirwa naye. Zvisinei, muumbi wekugadzira Montferran akazvininipisa akaramba uye akasarudza kuverengwa muhurumende semukuru mukuru. Kupinda kwepamutemo kweFrench mukana webasa kupinda mubasa reRussia kwakaitika musi waDecember 21, 1816.

Chivako chokutanga, icho muvakiriti Montferrand akavaka mumukuru weRussia, yaiva imba yeLobanov-Rostovsky. Yakanga iri paAdmiralty Avenue, uye gare gare yakagara muHurumende yeHondo.

St. Isaac's Cathedral

Auguste Montferrand akakwanisa kukurumidza kuzviisa mubasa idzva. Kubvira pakuuya kwake muRussia kwave iko kwemakore anopfuura manomwe, apo Alexander wekutanga Akatanga kuzivisa mumakwikwi ekuvakwa kereke itsva pane nzvimbo yekare Isakievsky. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutemo unosungirwa wekugamuchirwa kwepurojekiti waiva kuchengetedzwa kwekare iko kutsveneswa kweatatu maaritari. Muna 1813, vakatangazve kutsvaga muumbi wezvigadziri aigona kurarama nebasa rakadaro. Chibvumirano chakakwirira chakapiwa purojekiti, iyo yakaratidzwa neMontferrand. Yakabvumidzwa musi waFebruary 20, 1818. Kuvaka kwakapedza makore anopfuura makumi mana, uye yakapedzwa chete pasi pekutonga kwaAlexander II.

Basa rekugadzirira rakagadzirirwa zvikuru. Monferan yakagamuchira nzvimbo yakakwirira yedare remakurukota ehurumende uye mari ye 40,000 rubles mune sirivha. Mukuwedzera, akapiwa mhete yegoridhe yakashongedzwa nemadhamondi.

The Alexander Column

Munguva yemakore gumi ekutanga aigara muRussia, pamwe neyezvivakwa zvataurwa kare, Montferrand yakagadzira chivako cheRyceum Richelieu muOdessa, paKochubei Palace, Industrial Complex muNizhny Novgorod, kuMoscow Arena nevamwe.

Muna 1829, Nicholas II akasarudza kupfuurira chiyeuchidzo chekukunda kwehama yake. Maererano neurongwa hwake, Alexander Column yaifanira kukurumidza kuenda kuCall Square . Auguste Montferrand ari nani kune vamwe vaaishanda navo vakagadzikana nekufambiswa kweprojekti yake, kunyanya sezvo kwemakore mazhinji atova nemuviri wekugadzirisa kwakadaro. Kuvakwa kwakatora makore mashanu uye muna 1834, Zuva risati rasvika, Winter rakange rakazarura chikumbaridzo ichi, icho nhasi chinonzi chimwe chezvishongo zveguta pane Neva. Sechiratidzo chekuonga nokuda kwemabasa ake, Montferrand yakapiwa Mutemo weSt. Vladimir wedhigiri rechitatu, uye mari yake yaiva 100 000 rubles mune sirivha.

Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Mushure mokurambana nemudzimai wake wokutanga, Montferrand akagara ari oga kwemakore mazhinji, kusvikira muna 1835 akaroora waimbova mutevedzeri, mukadzi wechiFrenchwoman Elise Debonier, uyo akagara naye kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Basa rekupedzisira remugadziri raiva basa rekuveza kuna Emperor Nicholas wekutanga muSt. Petersburg. Rufu rwakarambidzwa Montferrand kubva pakuzadzisa basa iri, uye basa rakapedzeredzwa nemugadziri D. Efimov.

Zvino iwe unoziva tsanangudzo yehupenyu, iyo yakararama muvakirwe akavaka St. Isaac's Cathedral. Auguste Montferrand akapedza makore anopfuura makumi mana muRussia uye ndiye munyori wezvivako zvizhinji, izvo zvinokonzera kukudzwa kwekukwana kwemafomu uye kutanga kwepfungwa.