Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Biography uye Kubata

Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Mutauro weChirungu, muvepi uye illustrator, uyo akava mumwe wevakiki ve "Hamahood Pre-Raphaelites." Mumabasa ake - mifananidzo, nhetembo nemanoni - akachengetedza utsanana hwehupenzi, asingabhadhari kubva mune zvidzidzo, akarumbidza rudo rweKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga. Imwe yemitambo yakanakisisa ye Pre-Raphaelites yakanga isina rudo rusina kunaka. Uye hupenyu hwose Rossetti, imwe nzira kana imwe, yakamupoteredza. Vakadzi vakamufuridzira, vakava heroines yezvaaigona. Zvisinei, ukama hwomunyori pamwe neaanoda hahukwanisi kunzi huri nyore, se, zvechokwadi, hupenyu hwake hwose.

Mhuri

Dante Gabriel Rossetti akaberekwa musi waMay 12, 1828. Baba vake, Gabriele Rossetti, vakanga vari muItaly, avo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvematongerwe enyika vakatamira kuEngland. Akadzidzisa mutauro wemunharaunda uye mabhuku pa King's College. Baba vakapinza mumwanakomana wavo rudo rweutauro hweItaly, kunyanya nokuda kwemabasa aDante Alighieri, iyo yakashata kwete zita remukomana chete, asiwo zvido uye zvinangwa zvaachazoita kuburikidza nehupenyu hwake hwose.

Amai Rossetti - Francis Mary Lavinia Polidori - vakabva kumhuri yeGaetano Polidori, musayendisiti uye mutorwa wokuItaly. Kubvira paudiki, Dante Gabriel akakurira mumamiriro ezvinhu eumhizha uye akanga achangotanga kukanganiswa nekufadzwa kwababa vake nemabasa omunyori mukuru uye nyanzvi yezvechitendero, mukuremekedzwa kwaakagamuchira zita racho. Vanin'ina vake nehanzvadzi yake vaivewo netarenda renyorwa. Maria Francesca akava munyori webhuku rinonzi "Shadow of Dante". Hanzvadzi duku, Christina, yakakurumbira semunyori wenhetembo. Uye Hama William vakava musangano wekutanga weRu-Raphaelite uye munyori wezvinyorwa.

Kudzidziswa

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, uyo mabasa ake akatanga kubudiswa paaiva nemakore gumi nemashanu, akadzidza kuLondon's Kings College kubva pazera remakore 9. Matanho okutanga ekusika omunyori muduku akaitwa mumabhuku. Mumakore mashanu, Rossetti akanyora mutambo, muna 13 - nhau. Dzidzo yehutano yemukomana yaiva yakashongedza. Yakatanga nekuchikoro, apo Rossetti akapinda pazera remakore gumi nematanhatu uye kwaakadzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaDokmen Kot. Zvadaro, kubva muna 1841, yaiva Academy yePainting Henry Sass. Makore mashanu gare gare akazova mudzidzi wekirasi yekare yekuveza, iyo yakashanda kuRoy Academy.

Gare gare, kwechinguva, mudzidzisi waDante ndiye Medox Brown, mudikanwi wepenzi, kwete pasi peRosssetti anofarira nezvemabhuku. Muna 1848, akasangana naHolman Hunt, uyo aizomubatsira kuti awedzere nzira yekushanda nemafuta epanguva yekuumbwa kwemavara ekutanga-pre-Raphaelite.

Dzidzo yehama

Sangano rakavanzika, iro rakakonzera kuve mutsva mutsva munhetembo nekupenda, yakagadzirwa mumakore makumi mashanu ezana remakore rechina. Rossetti aiva nemakore gumi nemasere. Asi nekuda kwehutano hwake uye kutarisa zvakarongeka kweunyanzvi, akakwanisa kuva mutungamiri wePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Pamwe pamwe naHolman Hunt nevechidiki John Everett Milles, vanouya pakugumisa kuti dzidzo, iyo inotungamirira mufananidzo wenguva iyoyo, izere nemagungano uye mapofu asingateereri. Anozvidzidzira unyanzvi, achiramba chero zvisikwa zvose. Maererano nevatori vehukama, rumutsiriro rwekunyora kweChirungu rwaigona kungodzokera kune tsika dzeItaly unyanzvi hweKutanga Kwemazuva Ekutanga.

Dzokera ku nyore uye kuchena

Izvo zvakakosha zvekare-pre-Raphaelites yaiva nzira yekunyora maitiro makuru evanhu vakagadzira vasati vasvika Raphael: Perugino, Fra Angelico, Giovanni Bellini. IChirungu yakaropafadzwa kuve nyore uye kuvimbika kwemifananidzo yevatenzi veItaly yeAtange Renaissance. Kuchena uye chokwadi, kuremekedza zvakapfuura uye rudo, kurambwa kwezvino uye kuvhiringidzika mune zvidzidzo zvakabatanidzwa mumabasa eVa Pre-Raphaelites nekuverenga zvakashandurwa kwemasheti akagadziriswa, zvitsva mune nzira yekuveza. Vakatungamirirwa nevatenzi vekare dzakapfuura, asi ivo pachavo vakabereka ikozvino, iyo yakazotevera yakazoita kukura kwemazuva ano uye yakasimudza kuva chiratidzo. Manifesto yePre-Raphaelite Brotherhood yakabudiswa mumagazini yaRostok, iyo yakabudiswa kubva munaJanuary kusvika munaApril 1850 nenhengo dzevanhu.

Kutarisa mutsva pane chinowanzoitika

Kwenguva yekutanga tsamba PRB, dzinoreva Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood ("Hamahood ye Pre-Raphaelites"), inowanikwa mufananidzo waRossetti "The Youth of the Virgin Mary" (1848-1849). Zvigadzirisho zvechirairo zvaiva mai nehanzvadzi yemufananidzo. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chekusiyana pakati pePre-Raphaelites uye kudzidzira: nhengo dzehukama mukutsvaga kwekuzvarwa dzakaramba nemaune mabasa ehuwandu hwemhando, kusarudza shamwari neshamwari.

Mubasa re Pre-Raphaelites kazhinji kacho rakashandurwa kune zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri. Zvisinei, kuverenga kwavo kwakasiyana zvikuru kubva pamifananidzo yakanga yakagadzirirwa mune unyanzvi. Muenzaniso weiyu - mumwe wemifananidzo iyo Dante Gabriel Rossetti akanyora, - "The Annunciation". Mumufananidzo wezvidzidzo, Mhandara Maria nguva dzose yairatidzirwa sechisingadikanwi, kugamuchira nekuremekedza chipo chaMwari uye zvakabatanidzwa. Mumufananidzo weRosssetti, tinoona musikana anozivikanwa zvikuru, achitya nemutumwa uye akaunza navo shoko. Tsanangudzo yakadaro yakasangana ne-pre-Raphaelite chido chekutaura uye, nenzira chaiyo, chakaunza dutu rehasha.

Rossetti inyanzvi

Basa rakanakisisa raDante Gabriel Rossetti rakagadzirwa munguva kubva kuma1850 kusvika muna 1860. Chimiro chake chinonyatsozivikanwa: kunze kwemasimba ane simba, ane chiso chinotaridza basa remukati rinobikira, kuumbwa nematanho makuru akawandisa mberi uye nekududzirwa kwemukati kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Mifananidzo yake yakazadzwa nezviratidzo, akaberekwa nekubatanidzwa kwechokwadi chaiyo uye mifananidzo yakaisvonaka. Rossetti haana kushandisa tema tema, akadzikisa chiaroscuro - zvaaifunga zvaiita sechitsva , mavara akachena uye akajeka. Mudzidzisi wacho akachenjera akashandisa mutsara mumabasa ake, achipa kudzokorora kana unyoro kune mifananidzo nekubatsirwa kwemashoko akajeka kana anodedera.

Vatsoropodzi vanotsanangura mufananidzo weRossetti sekugadzirisa uye kukunda. Nzvimbo yekupedzisira yakanyatsotsanangurwa mukugadzira pepa masvingo, ari mune imwe yezvivako zveOxford University. Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa ndeye mufananidzo kune inoverengeka naTomas Malory "Kufa kwaMambo Arthur".

Rossetti munyori

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, ayo mavesi anokosha anowanzoiswa mumashandisirwo emabasa aShakespeare, anowanzoshandiswa nenyaya dzakadaro nokuda kwemanoni uye kunongedza. Kupora uye nhetembo mumabasa ake hazvigoneki. Akatora zvinyorwa zvekupenda muvhesi uye azere nemhemberero dzakasiyana-siyana nemheteti. Pfungwa dzekutanga-Raphaelites Rossetti dzakaona munhetembo. Akange asingambotauri pamusoro wehurukuro, achizadza ndima yacho nemuvara wekare. Mheteti uye nhetembo dzeDante Gabriel izere nezviratidzo uye zvinoratidzirwa nekunaka kwekunyorwa kwemashoko, sezvinodiwa. Akashandisa shanduro dzechiArchaic, achida kugadzirisa zvakare kushungurudzika mumashoko, kuisa mazwi anowanzoitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kutarisirwa uye nokudaro akawana kujekesa kunokosha.

Basa guru rekunyora, rakasikwa naDante Gabriel Rossetti, i "House of Life". Iyi ihurukuro ye 101 nhete. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anorondedzera imwe nguva muhupenyu hwemunyori: imwe nguva kana kufara kwepfungwa, mufananidzo wakaonekwa kana wakanyorwa. Kakawanda, Rossetti akatendeukira kumabhalla. Akashandisa nounyanzvi nhau uye maitiro akare, achibatanidza nemaitiro emazuva ano nekusika mabasa anoshamisa ekududzira.

Muses

Mudzimai wemunguva yemberi Rossetti akasangana muna 1850. Elizabeth Siddol akaita sarudzo yepakutanga Ra-Raphaelite uye akakumbira vanyori vakawanda vehama. Imwe yemifananidzo yakaisvonaka zvikuru yakapfuurira chimiro chake ndeyeRossetti's brush. "Beatrice akakomborera" anoratidzira Dante Alighieri anodikanwa muhope panguva apo shiri inofananidzira kufa kwepedyo inoisa maruva epappy muruoko rwake. Erizabheti, ane chirwere chechifuba, akafa makore maviri mushure momuchato, muna 1862, kubva kune opium overdose (maererano neimwe shanduro, yaive kuzviuraya). Muzukuru asingakanganisi anoisa mudiwa wake "Imba yeHupenyu" mubhokisi. Zvisinei, makore mashomanana gare gare, Rossetti akabvuma kubudiswa kwemuviri uye kushandurwa kwemashoko.

Imwe nyanzvi yevanyori yaiva Fanny Cornforth, inoratidzwa pamufananidzo "Lady Lilith" (Lady Lilith). Dante Gabriel Rossetti akawana musikana akanaka, asi asina kudzidza muna 1858, uye hukama hwavo hwakagara hunenge hupenyu hwose, zvisinei neukama hwemifananidzo uye ukama hwake naJane Morris. Fanny aiwanzokumbira Rossetti. Zviri nyore kuziva mumifananidzo "Shure kweKutsva", "Lucrezia Borgia" uye atoti "Lady Lilith". Dante Gabriel Rossetti akaputsa na Fanny muna 1877, apo hutano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa hwaive hwakanyanya kusimba.

Makore apfuura

Mushure mekufa kwaElexbethe Rossetti vakazoguma. Panguva ino, pamwe naFanny, kukosha kukuru kwaari kunowanikwa naJane Morris, mudzimai weshamwari yake William. Mufananidzo wake unowanikwa mumifananidzo yeProserpine, Mariana, Veronica Veronese nevamwe vakawanda. Utano hwomunyori hunotanga kuderera. Anoramba kubatanidzwa mumasangano, anowedzera kuvimba kwake kune chloral hydrate. Kwenguva yakareba Jane aigara naRossetti nemvumo yakakwana yemurume wake, uyo akabva kuIceland muna 1871. Zvisinei, achicherechedza kudengenyeka kuri kuwedzera kwemudiwa wepfungwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, anosimuka kubva kuRossetti, uye ukama hwavo huri kuderedzwa kuva mutsamba.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti akafa musi waApril 9, 1882. Uye mwedzi miviri gare gare kuratidzwa kwemabasa ake ose kwakaitika, iyo yakanga iri kubudirira kukuru muEngland. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, uyo ane nhoroondo yakazara nezvishamiso uye zviitiko zvinotyisa, akasiya chiratidzo chinonakidza mune unyanzvi. Basa rake rakatevedzerwa, tenzi wekupedzisira XIX - kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 akaidzidza. Mazuva ano mune unyanzvi pane izwi rokuti "rosseti", kubatanidza masters avo vakasika nenzira yePre-Raphaelite mukuru.