Mutambi wechiGermany Franz Mark: biography, creativity

Zviratidzo zvinotsanangurwa nguva dzose zvinonakidza uye zvinoshamisa zvevanoyemura unyanzvi. Ikozvino yakaonekwa kumagumo ezana remakore rechi19, asi yakasvika pakakwirira pakatanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Vakuru vakakurumbira vamiririri vechiitiko ichi vakaberekerwa muAustria neGermany. Franz Mark akanga asiriwo. Iye, pamwe nevamwe vakasika, akaedza kuratidza mumifananidzo yake maonero ake pamusoro pekuipa kwehupenyu hwakakonzera zviitiko zvezana remakore rechi20, kunyanya Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga.

Kuberekwa

Franz Mako akaberekwa muna 1880. Baba vake vaivewo vanyori, izvo zvakakonzera zvakananga ramangwana rake. Pasinei nokuti iye akarota kuva muprista muhuduku hwake, atova nemakore makumi maviri akasarudza kutarisa hutano.

Kudzidziswa

Muvepi akararama upenyu hupfupi. Muna 1900, Academy of Arts yakava kwaari imba, kwaakadzidza uye akazoziva nekufungidzira uye shure kwekufungidzira. Zvadaro nzvimbo ino yaiva imwe nzvimbo yekusika kwepasi. Munich Academy of Arts akaunganidza pasi pedenga rayo remangwana revekududzirwa. Pedyo naFranz akadzidza Hackle uye Dietz. Kunyange zvazvo vakazozivikanwa, Mark ainge asingakwanisi kuvabata.

Uyu musikana muchechi akaedza kusagara pasi, asi kudzidza unyanzvi kwete munyika yake chete. Izvi zvinotsanangura rwendo rwake rwokuenda kuParis, kwaainge achangobva kuzivana nemafambiro echiFrench mune unyanzvi. Pano aigona kuona zvisikwa zveVan Gogh mukuru naGauguin.

Rwendo rwechipiri rwemugadziri kuParis rwakakonzera nheyo dzezvisikwa zvake zvemangwana. Kudzokera kuMunich, akatanga kudzidza zvakadzama maitiro emhuka, kuitira kuratidzira maonero ake nezvezvisikwa mumifananidzo yake.

"The Blue Horseman"

"Mutsva weMunich Art Association" yakakurudzira Franz pashure pokunge aziva naAugust Macke. Zvino, muna 1910, akasarudza kuva chikamu chesangano iri. Kwemazuva mazhinji akanga asingakwanisi kuzivana nemusoro wevanhu vemunharaunda Vasily Kandinsky. Gore gare gare vakazosangana. Pashure pemwedzi gumi, artists Kandinsky, Make naFranz vakasarudza kuumba sangano ravo "Blue Rider".

Pakarepo vakakwanisa kuronga chiratidziro apo Franz akaratidza mabasa ake. Zvadaro mumutambo weTangauser yakaunganidzwa zvakanakisisa zveGerman expressionist paintings. Uye vatatu vemunyanzvi veku Munich vakashanda mukusimudzira vanhu vavo.

Cubism uye makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu

Chikamu chokupedzisira muhupenyu hwaFranz Mark chinogona kufungidzirwa kuti anozivana nebasa raRobert Delaunay. Kubatana Kwake kweItaly uye Futurism kwakapa chikamu chikuru kune basa remangwana remugadziri weGermany. Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Mako akachinja mararamiro ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Zvinyorwa zvake zvinoratidzirwa zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki, zvinyoronyoro uye zvinokonzera.

Kutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yokutanga yakafuridzira vazhinji vanyori uye mabhuku pamabasa avo. Asi nekufamba kwemazuva, visiki vakanyadziswa muzviitiko uye zviitiko zvehondo. Franz Mark akazvidira kuenda mberi. Ikoko iye, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda vanhu vakasika, vakaodzwa mwoyo muzviitiko. Akakuvadzwa neropa, zvifananidzo zvinotyisa uye mugumisiro unosuruvarisa. Asi munyori wacho akanga asingatarisiri kudzoka uye akabatanidza zvese zvaakasika. Pakazosvika 36, muvepi wacho akafa necheka rehombe yeVerdun.

Cloths uye chimiro

Upenyu hunovhiringidza muenzi, unyanzvi hwake uye chimiro. NaFranz uyewo pane kuchinja kwakadururira muzvibvumirano zvake nemarudzi matsva. MuGermany nemasikirwo akanga ari muroti. Akatambura nokuda kwevanhu uye akanga achisuruvara nokuda kwezvinhu zvakarasikirwa munyika ino yemazuva ano. Mumifananidzo akaedza kuratidza chimwe chinhu chinonakidza, runyararo, chakanaka, asi neziso rakashama iwe unogona kuona kuti mufananidzo wega wega wakazadzwa nekutambudzika.

Vanyori nevanyori vekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 vakaedza kutsvaga nekudzokorora nguva yegoridhe, asi hondo yakashandura zvose kuva murwi wemarara, uye vanhu vakagadzirira vakaedza kuporesa maronda. Mumabasa ake, Franz Mark akaedza kuratidza kunyanya chirevo chefilosofi. Uye zvose zvakaratidzwa mumifananidzo, zvakakosha. Muvara woga woga wakapiwa zviratidzo zvawo, chimwe nechimwe chakapiwa chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Mavara nemafomu zvakakanganisa mafungiro evanhu, mafungiro avo uye kuzvikudza.

"The Blue Horse"

Nguva dzose anosiyaniswa nenzira inokosha pakusikwa kwemifananidzo yake Franz Mark. "Bhiza bhuruu" yava chinhu chinofananidzirwa mubasa remufananidzo. Mufananidzo uyu unonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevamwe. Mukuwedzera, pamwe chete nevamwe, zvinoratidzika semutauro chaiwo. Kutarisa pazviri kunotungamirira munhu muhutano hwekunakidza nekubaya.

Mufananidzo wacho unoratidzira bhiza iro rakazara nesimba. Anofananidzira huduku. Mutumbi webhiza une maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye unofadza kwazvo. Mubhokisi sechiedza chakachena chinoruma mukati, uye mane nehove, pane zvinopesana, zvakasvibiswa mubhuruu.

Ichokwadi chokuti ruvara rwebhiza rwuri rwebhuruu, ndekwechido chisingawanzoitiki. Asi zvakakosha kucherechedza uye zvisati zvichishamisa. Mugumisiro: bhiza rinopedza chikamu, uye chinyorwa chinopedzisa bhiza. Maererano nechinangwa chemuenzi, zvinhu zviviri izvi hazvikwanise kuvapo zvakasiyana, zvinopindirana uye zvakazara zvachose, kunyange zvazvo zvichisimuka pakati pavo.

Mushure mokusikwa kwemufananidzo uyu, Franz akaedza kutsanangurira Mack pfungwa yake. Akakakavara kuti bhuruu ndiko kusimba kwemunhu, ruvara rwekuchena uye hutano hwemukadzi, tsvuku ndeye nyaya inodzingwa nemashure maviri apfuura.

"Shiri"

Imwe mufananidzo unofanirwa kutarisirwa. Yake akanyorawo Franz Mark. "Shiri" ndeimwe basa rinokosha remuenzi. Rakanyorwa muna 1914 uye raiva basa rokutanga risina kujairika rakaratidza nzira itsva yemufananidzo. Uyu mufananidzo kubva pamufananidzo wakafanana wakakura waMark, uyo wakava chiratidzo chemhuka. Muenzi wacho akafunga kuti mhuka dzaiva dzakanaka, dzaive dzakakwirira uye dzakachena kudarika vanhu.

"Shiri" ndiyo imwe nzira yakaonekwa pashure peRobert Delone. Mufananidzo wakadaro, pasinei nemirau yayo yakajeka, inomirira chimwe chekuzvidya mwoyo uye nehasha. Zvichida, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinja kwakasimba kubva mumvuri mumwe kuenda kune umwe. Mufananidzo wacho unova "caustic" uye apocalyptic.

Tichitarisa pamucheka, zvinoratidzika kuti pane kuputika kunoshungurudza uye kushungurudza shiri. Vanobhururuka vari voga uye panguva imwechete vanogara vakanyarara. Apo nyika inotanga hondo, mumwe munhu anotanga kukakavara, uye mumwe munhu anoedza kugamuchira mamiriro acho ezvinhu. "Shiri" dzakava kuratidzwa kwakajeka kwenyika yehondo nekutya uye kuzvidya mwoyo.