Chii chinonzi ultrafiltration yemvura?

Nzira inobatsira yekuchenesa mvura ndeyokuisimudza kuburikidza nemakemikete. Iyo tsvina inogadziriswa maererano nehukuru hwezvikamu zvekuparadzaniswa:

• Microfiltration kuburikidza ne membrane ne-pore size kubva kubva ku005 kusvika ku10 μm;
• Ultrafiltration - pores kubva kuna 0.001 μm kusvika 0.05 μm;
• Reverse osmosis uye nanofiltration - pora 1 nm uye pasi.

Ultrafiltration yemvura yakagadzirirwa kubvisa kubva mairi microorganisms uye macroscopic inclusions iyo isingapfuuri nepora ye membrane.

Nzira dzechimiro chechiito che filters ne backfilling inobva pakugadzirisa kunatswa. Ultrafiltration inoitwa sekuchera kuburikidza nechikanda cheparaous, apo zvikamu zvose zvepamusoro zvakakura zvakaparadzana.

Mhando dze membrane

Futa zvinhu zviri mapepa mapepa kana michina ine capillaries. Kupfurikidza nekutanga kunoberekwa kunyanya ultrafiltration yemvura yakasvibiswa, uye iyo yekupedzisira inotarisirwa kunwa mvura.

Mafudzi anonyanya kugadzirwa ne-single-channel, ine mukati mukati ma 0.8 mm. Ivo vanowanzotakura mitoro uye vanogona kuparadzwa panguva yekudzivirira. Multichannel fiber ine makumbo akawanda uye ine simba guru.

Izvo zvipfeko zvinoumbwa nema polymers, somuenzaniso, polyester sulfone. Zvirongwa zvaro zvinogona kushandiswa nekuwedzera mamwe maitiro ekugadzira. Iyo yakawanda pH yakadzika yezvinwiwa zvinoshandiswa inoita kuti zvikwanise kuchenesa zvakajeka firimu.

Purogiramu yePolymer inofanira kuve yakaparadzaniswa nguva dzose, nokuti zvipembenene zvinoda kudya zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinoumba makoloni pairi.

Yenguva refu inoshandiswa sechando che ceramic, iyo yakashambidzwa zvakanaka neine detergents. Mutengo waro wakakwirira, asi hupenyu hwebasa hunosvika makore gumi.

Nzira dzekutsvina

Nzira yekudzivirira mvura inosanganisira ma modules akazara nemapenzi ane mapapiro. Mvura yekutanga inopinda mumapapillari, mushure mokunge kusvibiswa kuburikidza nemadziro emativi kunoitika. Kudyisa mune zvakasiyana-siyana kunogonawo.

Kushambidza kunogadzirwa ne filtrate nekutumirwa kwayo nekambani yekuyerera. Kuparadzaniswa kwemweya kwemairi kunze kwemagetsi kunovimbisa kubviswa kwezvinyorwa kubva kumapilisiri. Zvakakosha kusarudza nzira yakachena yekuchenesa kuitira kuti ubvise chinyorwa chinosvibisa nyore nyore.

Mafiriya anoshanda mumitambo miviri, imwe yadzo inomanikidzwa: mvura inodyidzwa mukati mekudzivirira kwechigadzirwa pasi pekumanikidza. Nzira yakasviba yakaitwa inoshandiswa uchishandisa membrane inoderedzwa mumudziyo wakashama. Pamusoro pechipfuva chacho, chitubu chinogadzirwa uye mvura inoshandiswa kuburikidza nehutachiona.

Ma modules akagadzirirwa vertically. Mvura iri mavari inobva kune imwe mugumo, uye inodzingwa kubva kune imwe. Nhamba ye modules mune imwe firiti kazhinji haina kudarika maundi maviri. Izvi zvinoda gaskets shoma, izvo zvinoderedza mukana wekudonha. Vertical modules zviri nyore kuchengeta uye kuedza. Zviri nyore kuisa uye kubvisa.

Kuchengetedza Modes

Apo kusvibiswa kwemvura kunoshandiswa, tsvina inogona kushanda mukutadza uye tangential modes. Muchiitiko chekutanga, zvose zvinopa mvura zvinonatswa. Dzimba dzinobva pambhedha dzinobudiswa nguva nenguva panguva yekuchenesa kana nedzimwe mvura. Iyo membrane yakakurumidza kuva yakasviba, uye kudzvinyirira kunodonhera pamusoro payo kunofanira kuchengetwa zviduku, izvo zvinoderedza kubereka kwechigadzirwa. Iyo nzira inoshandiswa pakurapa kwemvura, uye nechinguva chiduku chekumiswa.

Mune tangential mode, iyo midzi inenge yakasvibiswa inotenderera mberi kwepamusoro pepamuviri uye mari yacho inoumbwa pairi zvishomanana. Izvo zvinotyisa zvekufamba mumugwagwa wekudya zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuchenesa mvura nehuwandu hwemakungwa akasimwa. Kukanganisika kwemuitiro ndiko kuwedzera kwemaji emari ekugadzira kukura kwepamusoro uye kudiwa kwekuisa mamwe mapipeline.

Parameters ye ultrafiltration

Izvo zviyero zvakanyanya zve ultrafiltration nde:

1. Kusarudzwa ndiko kuenzanisa kwekusvibiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena mumvura yakasvibiswa ( _Cin ) uye mu filtrate (nekunze): R = (1 - C _kunze / C _kuwedzerwa ) ∙ 100%. Pamusana pekushandiswa kwei-ultrafiltration, iyo yakakura, iyo inobvumira kuchengeta zviduku zviduku, kusanganisira mabhakitiriya nemavirusi.
2. Muyero we filtrate ndiwo muwandu wekunatswa mvura imwechete imwe nguva.
3. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwe filtrate ndiko kukosha kwechigadzirwa chinodarika 1 m ^{2 ye} membrane nzvimbo. Zvinotenderera maitiro ehutori chinhu uye kuchena kwemvura inobuda.
4. Kusiyana kwezvinokonzerwa ne membrane - musiyano pakati pekumanikidzwa kune rumwe rutivi rwekugovera uye kurutivi rwe filtrate.
5. Kukwanisa kupera ndiko kuenzanisa pakati pezvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zve filtrate uye kudzvinyirira kunodonha pambrani.
6. Hydraulic efficiency ndiwo muyero pakati pemafuta ekuyerera kwe filtrate uye mvura yekupa iyo inopiwa.

Ultrafiltration for water disinfection

Nzira dzepamutemo dzekubviswa kwezvipembenene dzinosanganisira teknolojia inoshandisa reagents. Kuchengetedza kwemvura kunosanganisira kuparadzaniswa kwechirwere chechidiki nemakorokisi kubva pauri nekuda kwekuraira kwepore duku kwe membrane. Kubudirira kwemutsetse ndiko kubviswa kwezvitunha zvezvipembenene, zvinyorwa, zvisikwa zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi. Hapana chikonzero chekugadzirira kwakakwana kwemvura, iyo mune dzimwe mimwe mitemo inosungirwa. Izvo chete zvinodiwa kuti utange kuidarika kuburikidza ne-30 micron filter ye mechanical cleaning.

Paunenge uchitenga zvidzoro, unoda kuziva hukuru hwepore hwe membrane. Kuti abvise zvachose mavharesi, madhaimondi emakona anofanira kunge ari pamatanho e005 μm. Nekukura kwepore yakakura, basa rekusaporesa rinenge risingaiti.

Mukuwedzera, teknolojia ye ultrafiltration inopa kujekesa kwemvura. Kusimiswa kwose kwakabviswa zvachose.

Kuiswa kwekudzivirira kwemvura kune mavara akafanana, izvo zvinoita kuti basa rinodiwa ribudirire pamwe nekukwanisa kuzvitsiva panguva yekushanda.

Kucheneswa kwemvura pamberi pe-ion-exchange filters

Iyo resin inobatsira pakunonoka kwe-colloid particles ya 0.1-1.0 μm muhukuru, asi vanokurumidza kuvhara granules. Kushambidza nekudzokorora hakubatsiri pano. Kunyanya kunetseka kubvisa zvikamu zveSiO ₂ , izvo zvakanyanya kunyanya mumatsime uye mumvura inoyerera. Mushure mekuvhara, iyo resin inotanga kuvaka nema microorganisms munzvimbo dzisina kushambidzwa nekuchenesa mhinduro.

Ionite inoshingaira yakavharwa nemafuta emulsified ayo asingagoni kubviswa. Kuvhura kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti zviri nyore kudzorera firiji pane kuparadzanisa mafuta kubva mairi.

Kuchengeta resin mabhesi ari kunyatsovharwa ne-high-molecular compounds. Izvo zvakanaka zvakabviswa nekugadzirwa kadhi, asi ine hupenyu hwehupenyu hupfupi.

Ion kushandurana kushandiswa kunobatsira ne ultrafiltration, iyo inobvisa zvinopfuura 95% yemakolloids.

Kucheneswa kwemvura - ultrafiltration pamberi reverse osmosis

Basa rekushanda rinoderedzwa pamwe nekugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kwezviputa zvakagadziriswa nehuwandu hwekugadziriswa kwehupamhi hwehutambidzika hutatu. Kana mamwe machena ekuchenesa achisimbiswa musati wanyatsojekesa module, zvino inovandudza kushanda kwemashure reverse osmosis. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa kune anionic uye kwete-ionic flocculants, kana muchikamu chekutanga chikafu chekusvibisa kunoitwa.

Makuru-molecule anogadzirwa nekukurumidza akavhara maperes e reverse osmosis membranes. Vanokura nekukurumidza nema microorganisms. Pre-ultrafiltration yemvura inogadzirisa matambudziko ose uye inoita mari zvigoneka kana yakashandiswa ne reverse osmosis.

Kurapa kwemvura inoshandiswa

Kuchengetwa kwemvura yakasvibiswa ne ultrafiltration kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuvadzosera zvakare mumhizha. Izvo zvakakodzera kushandiswa muunyanzvi, uye mutoro we technogenic pazvivako zvakasununguka zvekunwa zvinoderedzwa.

Mishonga yekumusoro inoshandiswa pakuchenesa magetsi uye maguvara emucheka, mumabhizimisi ezvekudya, kubvisa, kubviswa kubva ku carbamide solutions, electrolytes, masimbi emidziyo yakawanda, petroleum products, nezvimwewo. Panguva imwechete, kuchenesa kunowedzera uye teknolojia inowedzera.

Nekatsika maseroyamu kuwanda kwezvisina kuchena, ultrafiltration inogona kubudisa concentrates yezvigadzirwa zvakachena.

Kunyanya kukosha dambudziko rekuparadzanisa emulsified mafuta kubva mumvura. Kubudirira kwemuviri wekombiyuta ndiko kushandiswa kwemaitiro, kushandiswa kwesimba kushandiswa uye pasina chidimbu chemakemikari.

Kudenga mvura kurapwa

Kunaya uye kusvibiswa kwaimbova nzira dzakabudirira dzokuchenesa mvura. Zvinyorwa zvezvakabva kune zvakasikwa zvinobviswa pano, asi ikozvino zvigadzirwa zvemhepo zvakabuda, kuitira kubviswa kweimwe nzira dzekunatswa dzinodiwa. Kunyanya zvinetso zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa ne-primary chlorination yemvura, iyo inogadzira chlororganic compounds. Kushandiswa kwezvikamu zvepamusoro zvekuchenesa pamwe neyakashandiswa carbon and ozonization kunowedzera mari yemvura.

Ultrafiltration inobvumira mvura yekunwa kuti iwanike zvakananga kubva pamvura yakasvibirira: algae, microorganisms, mishonga yakasimudzwa uye mamwe mashizha anobviswa pairi. Nzira yacho inoshanda nekutanga kwekugadzirisa. Izvi hazvirevi kutora nguva refu, sezvo zvisingakoshi kuumba mazhenje makuru.

Kuiswa kwekudzivirira kwemvura (mufananidzo uri pasi apa) kunobvumira kuti kuve kwakagadzikana kwakanaka kwehutano hwemvura yakachena kunze kwekushandisa zvishandiso zvakaoma uye reagents.

Kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa nzira kunowedzera kusina kukwana, sezvo akawanda emakemikari ari mumvura haasati agadziriswa nemaitiro ezvakagadzirwa ekusanganiswa ne potassium permanganate. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvehupenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza kudiwa kwakakosha kwe reagents.

Mhedziso

Kuchengetedza kwemvura kuburikidza nemakumbo kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kuve nekuchena kwakakodzera nekusanyanya kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Kushambwa kwemvura pashure pekurapa kunogona kushandiswa kwezvinangwa zvemhizha.

Ultrafiltration haisi nguva dzose inoshanda. Iyo nzira haina kubvumira kubviswa kwezvinhu, semuenzaniso, organochlorine mishonga uye dzimwe humic acid. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kucheneswa kwemasero akawanda kunoshandiswa.