Simba guru pane zvigadzirwa muRussia: mazita, mavara uye zvikamu. Geothermal power plants muRussia

Russia kubva panguva dzeSoviet inoratidza zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kwegesi mumagetsi emhepo. Simba rekugadzira muRussia rinopararira mumaguta makuru emunyika. Ngatitangei tine simba zvikuru pakuvandudza kwesimba uye maitiro avo akasiyana. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti dzakawanda zvezvivakwa zvakavakwa muma 60-80s ezana remakore rapfuura, asi kubvira panguva iyo zvitsva zvitsva zvakashandiswa.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

Ichi chinzvimbo chemasimba chinotora nzvimbo yechinomwe pakati pezvivako zviripo munyika maererano nehuwandu hwemagetsi. Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, iri paYenisei, ndiyo dhamhuri refu muRussia uye imwe yepamusoro-soro munyika yose. Kuputika kwayo kwakanyanya 13090 m ³ / s. Muchiteshi chikamu chechivako chemasimba muRussia mune zvikamu 21, imba yemakamuri inosanganisira gumi nemaviri emagetsi, uye mune chigamba chikamu - 10 mvura inogara yakagamuchirwa, iyo inoshandiswa mvura inotungira mvura. Dziva re Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant rinobatsira kukwidziridza muzinga wemvura muYenisei, pamusana pokuti imba yakaumbwa. Izvo zvigadziri zvekugadzira zviteshi yacho 6400 MW.

Krasnoyarsk HPP

Simba rekutanga rekugadzira muRussia rakavakwa mumakore makumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu emakore ekupedzisira. Saka, Krasnoyarsk motokari yemagetsi yakatanga kuvakwa muna 1955, uyewo paYenisei. Ichi chivako chinonzi moyo wesimba system yeSiberia, sezvo iri imwe yevatungamiri vanotungamirira magetsi munzvimbo ino. Parizvino, Krasnoyarsk HPP ndeimwe yezvitoro gumi zvikuru munyika yose, achishandisa vanhu vanopfuura 550. Yakanyatsogadziriswa yaive iri kure nechekare 1972 uye kubvira ipapo yakaramba ichivandudzwa. Iyi HPP ine zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana:

• Gravitational concrete dam;
• Chivako chakakonzerwa nedzimwe nzvimbo yakasimwa magetsi;
• Mishonga yekugamuchira uye kugovera simba;
• Simudza nharaunda.

Kuvakwa kwechipiri chemasimba makuru muRussia chaida mamiriyoni matanhatu emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emakrete. Nzvimbo yacho ine simba guru re 14,000 m ³ / s, uye simba re HPP rinokwana 6 000 MW. Iyo dhamusi inoumba dzimba reKrasnoyarsk nenzvimbo ye2000 km ² . Ihwo hunoshamisa hwechimiro ichi chemasimba chiri muchombo chete chinokurudzira muRussia, chinodikanwa pakupfuura ngarava. Muna 1995, zvivako zvine simba remagetsi emagetsi ehurumende yakasvibiswa ne50%, saka sarudzo yakagadzirwa kuvaka nekuvandudza.

Surgut chigaro chechiremera chemagetsi

Masimba makuru makuru muRussia anomiririrwawo na Surgutskaya GRES ari muKhanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District. Chigaro chacho chine magetsi anokwana 5597 MW, achishanda pamafuta akabatanidzwa uye gasi chaiwo. Kuvakwa kwaro kwakatanga mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, apo pakanga paine kushaya simba kwesimba mumidziyo ye Middle Middle. Maererano nekugadzirisa kwekutanga, magetsi 8 aifanira kushandiswa, uye kukwanisa kwaiva kugovera Surgutskaya GRES kune nhamba yezvivako zvakasimba zvikuru zvinotyisa.

Bratsk Hydro Power Plant

Masimba makuru makuru muRussia anowanikwa muRwizi rweAngara. Iko Bratsk Hydropower plant ndiyo chikamu cheAngarsk cascade ye HPPs, ari mutungamiri mukugadzira magetsi muEurasia yose. Chisarudzo chekuisa chigaro chacho chakaitwa muna 1954, uye kutumirwa kwakaitwa muna 1967. Iyi yakawanda yakawanda uye yakasimbiswa mvura inoshandiswa yeLake Baikal uye gorozi reBratsk rakakanganisa chokwadi chokuti ichi chivako chechivako chemhepo chakatanga kutamba basa rinokosha mukusimudzirwa kwehupfumi kwenyika.

Kusvikira iye zvino, Bratsk hydropower plant inoumba zvikamu gumi nemasere, uye simba rinobudiswa apa rinowanzoshandiswa mumabhizimusi akasiyana-siyana. Nzvimbo yacho ine mahofisi akawanda, inoteverwa nevashandi vevanhu 300. Sezvo pasina mararamiro ekuguma-kumagumo kuAngara, mvura inoshandiswa mvura haina nzvimbo yekufambisa ngarava. Iko yakagadzirirwa simba reBratsk hydroelectric plant plant is 4500 MW.

Balakovo NPP

Muzvinyorwa zvemasimba ane simba muRussia, izvo zvinounza huwandu huwandu hwemagetsi, takaitawo Bharkovo NPP, uyo ari mutungamiri mumashonga emagetsi enyu enyika. Nokuda kwekuvandudzika kwekuvandudza kwemidziyo, kushanda kwakakwirira kwakawanikwa. Kubudirira kwenzira dzekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi kwave kwakagadziridzwa kuburikidza nekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwenyika yenyukireya. Panzvimbo iyi, magetsi ane magetsi maviri emagetsi anoshandiswa.

Kursk NPP

Simba ndiyo nheyo yehupfumi muKursk. Zvituro zvekuRussia zvinowanikwa pano zviri pakati pezvivako zvishanu zvekutanga zvinobereka simba guru. Iko masimba emagetsi echiteshi ichi anopa zvakawanda zvekugadzirwa munzvimbo yacho. Kursk NPP inzvimbo imwe chete yemakirini, iyo yakashambidzwa mvura yakachena inoita seinochera ichifamba ichivhara.

Leningrad NPP

Shanduro yeNyika yeNyukiliya yeLeningrad ndiyo yekutanga munyika kuti ive neRBMK-1000 reactors. Shanduko yeNyika yeNyika yeLeningrad ine machina emagetsi emagetsi, ane simba guru rinobudiswa kuti rive rakashandiswa. Ichi chivako ndiro guru guru rinogadzira muNorth Westwestern region yeRussia.

Geothermal sources yezvakanaka zvenyika

Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi eRussia. Saka, simba rekushisa rinotarisirwa kuti rinonyanya kuvimbiswa munhoroondo yemazuva ano, kusanganisira munyika yedu. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana kuti huwandu hwesimba hweHasi hwekupisa hukuru kupfuura huwandu hwemasimba enyika yose mafuta uye gas reserve. Zvivako zve geothermal zvinofanira kuvakwa kune nzvimbo dzine makomo. Pamusana pekubatanidzwa kwemhepo ine mhepo ine mvura, mvura inopisa kwazvo, mvura inopisa inodururwa pamusoro pevhu nenzira yemagetsi.

Zvinhu zvakadaro zvakasikwa zvinobvumira kuvakwa kwemazuva ano magetsi emagetsi muRussia. Kune zvakawanda zvavo munyika yedu:

1. Pauzhetskaya GeoPP. Ichi chivako chakavakwa muna 1966 pedyo neCambial mhirizhonga nekuda kwekudiwa kwekupa zvivako zvekugara uye zvivako zvekugadzira pedyo nemagetsi. Iko yakagadziridzwa panguva yakatangwa yaive nemashanu chete, ipapo simba racho rakawedzerwa kusvika 12 MW.
2. IVerkhne-Mutnovskaya inyanzvi-indasitiri GeoPP iri muKamchatka uye yakatangwa muna 1999. Inoumbwa nematatu emagetsi ane 4 MW kukwanisa. Kuvakwa kwakaitwa pedyo nechokuchamhembe Mutnovsky.
3. Ocean Geothermal Power Plant. Ichi chivako chakavakwa paKuril ridge muna 2006.
4. Mendeleevskaya GeoTES. Ichi chivako chakavakwa kuitira kupa huni uye simba kune rimwe guta reYuzhno-Kurilsk.

Sezvaunogona kuona, magetsi emagetsi eRussia achiri kushanda. Uyezve, basa rakashanda riri kuenderera mberi kugadziridza zvivako zvekugadzira zvisizvo, izvo zvichaita kuti nzvimbo uye mabhizinesi ari pedyo nematombo emakomo, simba rakaenzana remasimba.

Kutevera kufambira mberi

Cherechedza kuti kukura kwesimba hakusi kumira. Saka, zvakava kuzivikanwa kuti muRussia, kunyanya, munharaunda yeSamara, nzvimbo inoshandiswa yezuva ichavakwa. Nyanzvi dzinoti basa iri richava chiitiko chakakosha kwete kweSamariya chete, asi nyika yose yakazara. Yakarongwa kuvaka zvivako zvezuva munzvimbo ye Stavropol uye Volgograd. Kana iri zvivako zviripo, zvine hanya uye nguva yakakodzera yezuva, dzichakwanisa kupa huwandu hwemagetsi kunyange kumativi ari kure eRussia.