Stratosphere - chii ichi? Kukwirira stratosphere

Stratosphere - ichi ndechimwe okumusoro akaturikidzana dzedenga goko yedu. Rinotanga pagungano kukwira anenge 11 km pamusoro pasi. Pano ndege regai kubhururuka mutakurwi ndege uye kashoma anoumba makore. The stratosphere ndiye ari ozone rukoko Nyika - nhete goko, izvo inodzivirirawo nyika kubva kukuvadza UV kupinda.

Aerial goko of nyika

Zvomumhepo iri gasi hamvuropu pasi yakabatana yomukati pose goko uye hydrosphere. Chokunze Muganhu zviri zvishoma nezvishoma vasapinda muchadenga. The anoumba chadenga unotora magasi: senitrogen, okisijeni, argon, carbon dioxide uye zvichingodaro, - uyewo nouipi muchimiro muguruva, mvura mumate, chando crystals, zvibereko combustion. Nhamba chinoumba zvinhu mhepo bhegi anoramba achitsungirira. Anosiyiwa vari carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura - nokuwanda mumhepo kazhinji dzinosiyana.

akaturikidzana gasbag

Muchadenga rakakamurwa akaturikidzana akawanda, izvo dziri rimwe pamusoro mumwe uye rine zvinhu:

• muganhu rukoko - yakabatana nyika pevhu zvakananga, runosvika kune imwe nekukwirira 1-2? km;

• troposphere - kechipiri layer muganhu dzokunze riri neavhareji kukwira pamusoro 11 km, ari yakaomerera anenge ose mvura nemhute muchadenga, makore kuumbwa, pane madutu uye anticyclones kuwedzera kukwirira anovarwira tembiricha;

• tropopause - kuchinja layer dzinoratidzwa kumira tembiricha rutapudzo;

• stratosphere - marongera, kuripa munhu nekukwirira 50 km uye divisible munzvimbo nhatu: kubva 11 kusvika 25 km tembiricha dzinosiyana zvishoma, kubvira 25 kusvika 40 - tembiricha inokwira kubva 40 kusvika 50 - tembiricha anoramba achitsungirira (stratopause);

• mesosphere kunosvika kune mumwe nekukwirira 80-90? km;

• thermosphere inosvika 700-800? km pamusoro pegungwa, riri chinhu kukwira pamusoro 100 km riri Karman mutsetse, iyo yakatorwa kumuganhu pakati Earth muchadenga uye muchadenga;

• exosphere anonziwo kuputsanya rokufambira, rarefied pano gasi anorasikirwa particulate zvikuru nyaya uye vanobhururuka vari muchadenga.

Temperature zvachinja stratosphere

Saka stratosphere - chikamu gaseous hamvuropu iri nyika, achitevera troposphere. Pano tembiricha chenguva panyika tropopause, ari kutanga kuchinja. Kukwirira stratosphere iri vanenge 40? Km. Lower muganhu - 11 km pamusoro pegungwa. Sezvo chiratidzo ichi, icho kaviri kuchinja vaduku tembiricha. Panguva kukwira pamusoro 25 km kubva kudziyisa exchange anotanga kumuka nezvishoma. By kumativi 40? Km pamusoro pegungwa, tembiricha iri yakawedzera kusvika + -56,5º 0,8ºS. Uyezve, zvazvinosarira pedyo razero madhigirii anosvika 50-55? Km urefu. The mapazi pakati 40 uye 55 makiromita stratopause akadana nokuti tembiricha hakuna kushanduka. Ndicho yezwi mapazi kubva stratosphere kuti mesosphere.

Zviri stratosphere

The stratosphere Nyika unotora 20% kurema yose yakapoteredza. Mhepo saka rarefied kuti munhu kugara pasina rinokosha suit hazvibviri. Izvi - chimwe chikonzero kuti voli kupinda stratosphere vakatanga achangobva rakatangwa.

Chimwe chinoratidza gasbag nyika kusvikira 11-50? Km kukwira ari chaizvo shoma mvura mhute. Muna stratosphere, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, anenge asina kuumba makore. Nokuti havana chivakwa zvokunyama. Zvisinei, kashoma achiri zvinogoneka kuchengeta inonzi makore nacreous kuti "yakashongedzwa" stratosphere (mufananidzo pasi apa) panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 20-30? Km pamusoro pegungwa. Mutete, sokunge anopenya kubva mukati dzidzo inogona kuonekwa zuva ranyura kana zuva risati rabuda. Kuumba nacreous makore akafanana cirrus kana Cirrocumulus.

Ozone rukoko

The chikuru runoratidza kuti stratosphere - ndiwo vaifanira iri yose yakapoteredza, ari ozone wevasungwa. Zvinonzi inoumbwa kuitwa chezuva uye kunodzivirira zvose zvipenyu zvose panyika avo zvinokuvadza nemwaranzi. The ozone rukoko riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 20-25? Km pamusoro pegungwa. O ₃ mamorekuru richiparadzirwa munyika stratosphere, uye kunyange vane nyika pevhu, asi panguva ino sandara pane chikuru wevasungwa pavo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ozone rukoko ndiyo 3-4 chete mm. Izvi zvichava ukobvu nokuisa tudonhwe gasi ichi chaiko kumanikidzwa mamiriro, semuenzaniso, panguva pemvura. Ozone iri zvinoberekwa kuora ari okisijeni mamorekuru pasi zvinoitwa ultraviolet mwaranzi pamusoro maatomu maviri. Mumwe wavo kwakabatana kuti "zvizere" Morekuru uye zvibereko ozone - O _3.

mudziviriri ngozi

Ozone mamorekuru Sechipanji ultraviolet nemwaranzi ane wavelength mapfupi pane 0.1-0.2 microns. Uyu ake kuzvidzivirira basa. Mutete rukoko rinokwanisa kucheneruka gasi kunodzivisa rezuva nemwaranzi Nyika anokanganisa zvipenyu.

Sezvo ozone kuyerera mhepo inowira pedyo pemvura. Zvinonzi akaumba panyika panguva nemabhanan'ana, basa copiers kana X-ray. Sezvineiwo, mukuru wevasungwa kuti ozone rakaipa kuvanhu. Zvinonzi inoumbwa kuitwa chezuva munzvimbo zvikuru ikasvibiswa. Rambira vanonzi ozone smog upenyu pangozi. Rinokwanisa kucheneruka gasi anokwanisa kuparadza mumapapu. Zvinokanganisawo kwake uye miti - vasisipo kukudziridza zvakanaka.

Ozone rukoko kuparadzwa

The dambudziko ozone mugomba ave achishingaira inokurukurwa vezvesayenzi pamusoro 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore. zvino tinoziva kuti kuparadzwa nhoo kunokonzera kusvibiswa mhepo, kushandiswa maindasitiri ose CFCs nedzimwe yeimwe, kuparadzwa kwemasango, kushanda muchadenga zvitundumuseremusere uye dzemakomo ndege. The dzakawanda kwakaita vava dzakatevedzana zvibvumirano hunobatanidza rutapudzo pakati pagadzirwe zvinokuvadza. Chokutanga zvose tiri kutaura pamusoro Freon, akashandisa kusika aerosols, Refrigeration hurongwa, moto, kuraswa tableware uye zvichingodaro.

Muchiitiko chino, pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti paumbwe ozone mugomba imhaka zvoga. Zvinokuvadza mumhepo somugumisiro kuputika kwemakomo uye kudengenyeka, yezvikanganiso ari Oceanic goko. Nhasi, mubvunzo rokuti muchinangwa kuparadza munhu ari ozone rukoko kuti nhamba remasayendisiti anoramba nharo.

Dzichibhururuka stratosphere

Vadzidze stratosphere kwakatanga 30s remakore rapfuura. Nhasi, kusvikira imwe kukwira pamusoro 20 km kukwira rwisana uye supersonic vezvokutengeserana ndege. Mark pa 40? Km kukwira ekunze Balloons kuzadzisa. Record urefu, izvo ndokusvika unmanned chibharuma - 51,8? Km.

Zvishoma nezvishoma ishe chikamu ichi dzedenga bhegi uye vanoda mitambo yokunyanyisa. Muna 2012, yeAustria skydiver Felix Baumgartner akaita kusvetuka kubva stratosphere kuti nekukwirira anenge 39? Km. Vachipaza-ndege inzwi mhinganidzo, yagara zvakanaka. Baumgartner akaputsa zvinyorwa kuti mutevedzeri purezidhendi Google Alan Yustas. Kwemaminitsi 15 akaenda, uyewo kusvika kumhanya inzwi, 40? Km.

Saka, nhasi stratosphere - ichi zvikuru unexplored rukoko zvomumhepo, pane pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore. Asi kwete zvakajeka ndiyo remangwana ozone layer pasina iro paisazova upenyu Panyika. Chero bedzi nyika akacheka kugadzirwa Freon, mamwe masayendisiti anoti hazvisi kuita zvakanaka zvikuru, zvichida nemwero uye mumwe kuti usingafaniri, nekuti vakawanda zvinokuvadza yakabereka zvoga. Ndiani zvakarurama - nguva achatonga.