Ravelin - a ... Famous ravelins Russian

Ravelin - ndiwo mumwe zvinhu vanonzi nyeredzi dzavarwi kuti yakabuda munguva dzazvino (XVII-XIX remakore). Chii chinonzi ravelin? Inorevei iri? Uye chii basa nayo achiita mukati memasvingo?

Elements nyeredzi Fort

With kukurumidza kukura atirari ari XVI remakore, chokuita nechitarisiko uye kuramba kuvandudzika kuti nhare rusvingo enyika. Medieval masvingo nemisasa vakanga asingachakwanisizve zvakazara kunangana kurwa pfuti itsva. Masvingo nhare nyore kuchengeta kurwisa dzavo simba. Saka, masvingo akatanga kuvaka repasi anobhadhara zvikuru pfungwa ukobvu yavo. nokukurumidza varefu neshongwe yakatsiva bastions, izvo pamusoro nguva zvatowedzera guru uye zvakanaka pfungwa maererano chimiro.

Pane zvakawanda zvinhu (mhando) Star nhare. Ivo:

• nawo;
• keteni;
• ravelins;
• redyuity;
• munhare.

Chii chinonzi ravelin? Uye chii basa nayo achitamba mune nhare? More nezvazvo huchakurukurwa.

Ravelin - a ...

Iri izwi ndiye Latin (ravelere) kana Italian (ravellino) mavambo. Zvinoreva "hafu mwedzi" (madudziro emazwi nzvimbo kurudyi rokupedzisira mabhii) - "akaparadzaniswa" kana "kutema." Ndizvo zvazvichaita anogona kushandurwa kubva muchiLatin.

Ravelin - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, munhu mapurani izwi kuti zvinowanzoshandiswa zvehondo. Izvi zvimwe rusvingo riri pakati maviri pedyo bastions uye nomugero pamberi wakakombwa. Muurongwa, kazhinji mativi ari chimiro.

Kakawanda Ravelin ane chimiro simba ibwe mukomberedzo pamwe casemates kuti vakagovera sharpshooters uye atirari. Uyezve, kureba mukomberedzo kunofanira 1-1.5 metres pazasi huru masvingo wakakombwa. The nhare ravelins akagadzirirwa kuita rinokosha mabasa. vari:

• kufukidza nechepakati masvingo guta kubva zvakananga atirari moto;
• kaza urwise muvengi mauto;
• wevasungwa kushandiswa masoja kuti counterattack.

Ravelin zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa muEurope anoda kusvika mana emakore (kubva XVI kuna XIX). Vakawanda vavo dzakararama kusvikira nhasi, kunyanya pamusoro munharaunda Russia.

Anozivikanwa ravelins Russia

Zvichida unoshamisa mienzaniso ravelins pamusoro munharaunda Russia ano dzakavakwa St. Petersburg - Alexis uye St. John. Vakanga nezita mazita chinotevera hama Petro Mukuru: azvaitwa, vachikudza baba vake uye mukoma rokukudza mambo. Mumwe wavo (St. John) anogona kuonekwa mukati munhare nhasi.

Alexis Ravelin pakupera ari XIX remakore, nhamo, rakaparadzwa. Chinoshamisa, akashanda se kwete chete kuzvidzivirira chimiro, asi nhare mujeri. Mariri, vazhinji Decembrists uye vavengi venyika tsarist hurumende zvakaitwa. Prison Alexeyev Ravelin kusvikira 1884.

Chimwe aizivikanwa Ravelin iri muna Sebastopol. Zvinonzi nhare simba yakavakwa muna 1840 kudzivirira guta mhenderekedzo kubva pakurwisa ngarava muvengi kugungwa. Anonzi Konstantinovsky bhatiri Sevastopol akabatanidzwa zvikuru basa munhoroondo kaviri: panguva Crimean (1854-1855) uye Hondo Yenyika II.

mhedziso

Ravelin - mutsigiri sechivako kuzvidzivirira nhare, izvo zvave chaizvo kubva pakati XVII remakore. Huru mabasa panguva chivako ichi maviri: kaza muvengi kurwiswa uye kudzivirira nhare pamuvengi atirari moto.