The Far-Eastern Railway: History uye Zvimwe

Far East Railway ndiyo inotakura mutambo uye mutoro wekutakura unosangana pakati peRussia nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pedyo nePacific Ocean. Parizvino, kukosha kwemugwagwa mukuru uyu kwakaoma kufungisisa. Nyaya inopfuura yezana remakore-zana ye Far Far Railway haina kufarira kune vanofarira chete, asi kune vose vasina hanya nezvakaitika zvenyika yedu.

Chiratidzo pane zvakaitika kare

Mhedziso yekuvaka gwara idzva yakasimuka kare-kare -kukurukurirana kwaive kwakatambanudzwa, zvakanga zvakaoma kuendesa zvinhu kunyika dziri kure dzoumambo. Muna 1886, magavhuna-vakuru veEast East Siberia neAmur Region vakagadzirirwa kuisa matarenda akawanda ezvitima kubva kuTomsk neVladivostok kuenda kumaruwa ekure. Pakazosvika 1887, chirevo ichi chakanga chave chichitarirwa pamusangano wehutungamiri, uye shanduro yekugadzirira yakatumirwa kunharaunda yeSouth Siberia kuti iongorore kugona kwechirongwa ichi nekudzidza nguva yekushandiswa kwayo.

Upiyona uye injinjini

Far East Railway inobhadhara kune imwe yevanjiniya vokutanga. Zita rekuvakwa kwekutanga kweEven Eastern highway rakave risina kukanganwika. Asi ndiAlexander Ivanovich Ursati uyo akakurudzirwa kuva wekutanga kuenda kuGrafsky kusvika kuVladivostok. Nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, vachiita nzira yavo pavanenge vachienda kumigwagwa maduku nemisasa yevasenzi matsi, injini yezvitima yakavaka nzira uye yakadzidza nzvimbo iyo iyo Far Eastern Railway ichapfuura nayo. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, kusvika pakatarisana, hakuna rimwe rezvivako zvezvitima rinotumidzwa mukukudzwa kwake.

Project implementation

Pakutanga, bazi rakagadzirirwa raiti rainzi Ussuriyskaya. Iri zita rakagamuchirwa kubva kurwizi rukuru Ussuri, ruchiyerera mumunda mukuru we Primorsky Territory - kubva Khabarovsk kuenda kuVladivostok. Zvimwe, zvikamu zviviri zvemugwagwa mukuru zvakarongwa: bazi reNorth Ussuri rakafukidza nzvimbo kubva panzvimbo. Grafskaya a Khabarovsk Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chakarongwa kutungamira kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kuVladivostok. Nzvimbo yakagadziriswa yefambisi yekutanga yakaitwa muna 1891, muVladivostok, pamberi pevamwe vemhuri yeumambo uye vamiririri veKadhimende. Iro dombo rokutanga muchitsime chechikoro chezvitima cheVladivostok rakagadzirirwa neLabrevich Nicholas - mambo wemangwana weRussia, Nikolai II.

Nzvimbo dzekutanga

Muna 1892, Russia yakatanga yakananga kuvaka kwezvikepe zvezvitima. O.P. Vyazemsky akagadzwa mutariri weprojekiti, muvaki ane ruzivo uyo akashanda kwemakore anenge makumi matatu munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeRussia. Pane zvimwe zvikamu zvegwagwa mukuru basa rakapiwa kutungamira vapedza kudzidza veSt. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers. Nekufambisa zvinhu zvakakosha, migwagwa yekubatsira yakavakwa , iyo yakazove yakakosha kutakura mabheti muP Primorsky Territory.

Dambudziko rekutanga rakabva rasvika mubvunzo wekusimbisa kuvakwa kwebasa. Vagari vomunharaunda vaiva vashomanana - vaifanira kutora vasungwa vakatapwa uye varwi. Pakazosvika 1895, nhamba yevanhu vanoshumira mishodzo yezvikonzero zveupombwe uye zvezvematongerwo enyika yakanga iri vanenge 11 000 vanhu. Kwavari, misasa yakamira yakasimbiswa, ine dzimba, makamuri okuchengetedza, mabhati, canteens uye vatariri vemasvingo. Kana ari mauto, vakatorwa negungwa nenzira yakadziva kumaodzanyemba kubva kuOdessa mhiri kweAtlantic uye Indian Ocean. Kufamba kwakatora mwedzi inoverengeka, pamwe chete nekuputika kwezvirwere zvinopisa. Pakupedzisira kwaiva Vladivostok.

Kutenda nebasa risina udyire revarwi nevasungwa, South Southwestern branch iri mumugwagwa yakatumirwa muna 1894, uye mumakore matatu kuchamhembe kwemugwagwa kwakapedzwa. Far East Railway, iyo mahofisi akafukidza AmaAmur uye Far East, yakatanga kuvapo.

Zviteshi zvezvitima

Mugwagwa wekare weUssuri mumutauro wepakutanga wakanga une zvivako 39. Pakati pavo - chiremba Ruzhino, yakatangwa nevatorwa vanobva kuUkraine, unyanzvi. Manzovka (zvino Sibirtsevo), unyanzvi. Busse, yakatumidzwa mukuremekedza mukuru weRussia uye muongorori weFar Eastern region N. V. Busse. Usakanganwa mazamu uye vanogadzira-injini: mazita aLM Rozengard, V. S. Ilovaysky, V. V. Gedik vakatumidzwa zvikwata zveKhabarovsk kusvika kuBikin. Uye ikozvino Far Eastern Railway ine zvivako zvekushanda 358 kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemugwagwa.

Maitiro ezvehupfumi nemagariro eEastern Eastern Railway

Parizvino, Far Eastern Railway ine mamiriyoni manomwe nemakumi mana emakiromita akareba, iyo inopfuura 6,000 km inogara iri kushanda. Munharaunda iyi, mugwagwa mukuru unopfuura nomunharaunda yeEst Eastern East - nzvimbo yeAmur, iyo Autonomous Region, Jewish Primorsky, uye Khabarovsk Territory, uye kune mapazi eSakha Republic. Simba rayo rinopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuMabvazuva. Inopfuura 40% yenharaunda yeRussian Federation inowanikwa munzvimbo yekutungamirirwa kweFar Eastern Eastern Railway.

Mharaunda ye Far Far Railroad pachiteshi cheKhani chinonzi East Siberian njanji, apo zviteshi zveStur uye Arhara zvinosanganiswa neTrans-Baikal Railway. Iyo yose yakareba, migwagwa yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvina, izvo zvinotarisirwa nedhipatimendi dzakasiyana dzakabatanidzwa pasi pemasangano e Far Eastern Railway. Khabarovsk - bazi reGCD1, Vladivostok - NOD2, Komsomolsk - NOD3, naTynda - MWARI4. Mukuwedzera, Far Eastern Railway inowanzoparadzaniswa kuva miviri mikuru: kurutivi rwokuchamhembe latitudinal uye iyo huru. Iyo inopindirana nezvikamu zviduku zvemigwagwa: Komsomolsk-Volochaevka-2, Tynda-Sturm, Lime-Urgal. Iyi logistics inokubvumira kuti uite matarenda ose munzira.

Zvinorehwa neFar Eastern Eastern Railway

Zvinonyanya kukosha zveFar Eastern Eastern Railway zvikonzero zvekufunga kuti ndiyo imwe yenzira huru uye vanofamba mumigwagwa yenharaunda yacho. Pakaitika gore ra2015, matani anopfuura 42 000 ezvitoro zvakasiyana-siyana aitakurwa pamwe neFar Eastern Railways, uye vanhu vanenge 5 000 vakashandisa nzira dzeMugwagwa weEastern Eastern sevatasvi. Mugwagwa mukuru unotakura hutano hwemhuri uye hwepasi rose - vashandi vekuJapan, Mongolia, Korea neChina vanofarira basa rayo risingachinji, rinotengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo munharaunda yenyika yedu. Kutungamirirwa kwevatengesi kunoitwa kubva kuUnited Dispatch Center iri muKhabarovsk.

Ichokumabvazuva kwechiteshi chezvitima chinotakura nzvimbo dzinotungamirira muhuwandu hwekutakura kwezvinhu zvakatengeswa uye zvekutengeswa, chikamu chayo chinoumba chikamu chetatu chenhamba yese yekutakura muRussia Federation uye zvinopfuura chikamu chechina chekutakura kwekutengesa kwezvinhu zvakatengeswa kune dzimwe nyika. Kutenda kune zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka, Far Eastern Railroad Administration yakashuma kuti muna 2016 zvinopfuura mamirioni 116 matani ezvitoro zvichaendeswa kumahombekombe ePacific Ocean nemigwagwa ye Far East Railway. Nzira dzakanakisisa mukuwedzera kwekutengeserana kwekutengeserana nevakashamwaridzana vevakidzani vanoita kuti zvikwanise kufanotaura nekuvimba kwekukura kwekufambisa kwezvitima munguva yemberi iri pedyo.

Governance

Kubva muna 2015, nhamba yevashandi veFar Eastern Eastern Railway yaiva vanhu vanopfuura makumi emakumi mana vaiita basa iri mumugwagwa mukuru. Iyi nzira huru inopa vagari vomunharaunda mabasa uye kuvimba mune ramangwana.

Far East Railway Administration inonyatsotarisana neJSCo «Russian Railways» uye inhengo yebazi. Nzvimbo yemusoro weGreat East mugwagwa kubva muna 2015 inotorwa naN.Maklygin. Pasi peutungamiri hwake ndiyo nzvimbo dzose dzinoshanda, dzinoshandisa Far Eastern Railway. Inzvimbo yehofisi yeFar Eastern Railway iKomsomolsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk Territory. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemasangano dzine utungamiri hwavo.

Kuvimbisa kuchengeteka

Maererano nemusoro weKhabarovsk kutungamira kweFar Eastern Railway, kudzivirirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwekushandiswa kwemigwagwa nemigwagwa ye Far Far Railway ndiyo inokosha. Muna 2015, nhandare yemugwagwa weFar East yakanyoresa 18 ngozi dzekukurumidza, umo vanhu vatatu vakafa. Njodzi dzose dzaitika nekuda kwechikanganiso chevatyairi vanotyaira motokari uye vanotyora mitemo yemugwagwa.

Nzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengeteka yakasarudzwa senhengo yemugwagwa pamwe nemuganhu weNogliki-Korsakov. Kuti ataure nezvemigumisiro yekusasateerera kwemitemo yemigwagwa, vashandi vezvitima vanoisa munzvimbo yakajeka motokari dzakawanda dzakashatiswa semugumisiro wechiri. Nokudaro, vashandi vezvitima vakaedza kukuyeuchidza vadzidzisi vemotokari dzengozi dzinofambidzana nemutyairi pavanopfuura netsoka. Mukuwedzera kune vashandi, vashandi veHurumende Traffic Safety Inspectorate nevamiriri veMUP "Transport Company" vakapinda muchiito.