Insulator: marudzi uye marudzi

Ichi chinyorwa chichava nemashoko pamusoro pekusunga mabhesi, mavara uye marudzi. Mukunyatsorongeka, kugadzirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvipenyu pachavo, rutivi rwekushanda kwavo uye chinangwa chichasvibiswa. Vachanyatsofunga nezvekubatsira kwavo kana vachienzanisa nemafungiro akafanana. Mushure mokuverenga nyaya yacho, hauzongodzidza ruzivo rwese pamusoro pekupfuura-kuburikidza nevadziviriri, asi iwe uchakwanisa kuderedza maranho uye kukwanisa kusiyanisa rumwe rudzi kubva kune rumwe.

Nhamba ye bushing insulators

Chii chinonzi bushing? Ichi chinhu chigadzirwa chakakosha iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuisa mativi ekutungamirira kubva kumadziro emukati kana kunze kunze kwegomba ravanopfuura naro. Iyo inoshandiswa zvakare mukugadzirwa kwe switchgears mu transformer substations, uye zvakare kuita semagetsi ekugadzirisa zvakakwana masangano.

Kutsigira vachengeti vakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa mitsetse yemagetsi yepamusoro kusvika kumabhazi anotakura iye zvino emagetsi uye mamwe magetsi. Zvakakosha kuwedzera kuti porcelain insulators yepamusoro pemhando, iyo yakange yakakurumbira kare, ichiri kushandiswa nekusiyana kwekugadzirisa.

Kuchengetedza zvikwangwani zvinonyatsonaka zvekubatanidza zvigaro zvemashure, kubva kune dzimba dzinogara dzichiendeswa.

Mhando dzekudzivirira

Izvo zvinodzivirira mabhesi zvakakamurwa kuva mhando mbiri. Rudzi rwekutanga ndiro insulator, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuiswa mukati. Vanoshandisa iyo-high-voltage kana vacuum terminals kubva kuve transformers ye-high-voltage switches. Iyo insulator ye-bushing yemutsa yakaratidzwa inoitwa yevhu, uye mukati mechigadzirwa kune tsvimbo yesimbi. Iyo yakagadzirirwa nekubatsira kwemaipi akaumbwa nesimbi, akabatanidzwa nekanda yekanda uye kusungirirwa kwejecha rakagadzirwa.

Mhedziso yechipiri inogadziriswa kune zvose zviri kunze uye mukati. Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvine mbambo dzomukatikati, iyo iri pane zvishoma kubva kune mumwe. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kusarudzwa kubva kune zvikamu zviri kurarama zvevharivhavha yakavharwa. Bisulator bhurudzi urwu inoshandiswa pakushanda kwemhepo 10, 25, 35, 110 kV, uye ikozvino kushandiswa kwe 630 kusvika 11 000 A.

Kunewo mamwe maitiro ezvidzivirira, asi zvakagadzirirwa chimwe chinangwa. Zvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha nokuda kwekusungirirwa kwezvikamu zve conductive zve switchgears uye nekubatana kwevatengi nemabhasi kumatafura emagetsi. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvekuwedzera simba, kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kwavo kusagadzikana kune zvinhu zvinokosha zvezvino.

Kubatsirwa kwezvidziviriri

Iyo bhanhire inofanira kuva nehupenyu hurefu hwehupenyu, saka ine zvimiso zvinotevera:

• High kushorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshungurudza;
• Zvishoma nezvishoma mashoma;
• Kurwisana nemirairo ye ultraviolet;
• Simba guru;
• Upenyu hurefu hwehupenyu;
• Zvimwe zvishoma zvese zvakakura.

Kuvaka IP

Zvinyorwa zvinogadziriswa PI inofanira kuva nemagetsi makuru uye magetsi, saka izvo zvavanogadzirwa zvingave zvakadai:

• Polymer;
• Porcelain;
• Kugumburwa girazi.

Iyo yekusunungura yakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti kupera kwemafuro kwakakwirira kudarika kuwedzera kwemafuro. Zvisungo zvekunze zvinogara zvichiri pasi pesimba rekunze kwezvakatipoteredza, saka nzvimbo yavo inobhururuka. Izvi zvinoitwa zvakananga kuvandudza basa rechibereko.

Vachivharidzi, maererano nechinangwa chavo chinangwa, vakapatsanurwa kuva kupfuura-kuburikidza, kutsigira nekusimudzirwa, uye kunewo marudzi ekuisa kwekuiswa muzvivako uye zvivako kana kuti kuiswa kunze.

Kufamba IP-10 kunowanzoitwa nehuvhu. Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvinogadziriswa zvakadaro zvinotsanangurwa zvichienderana nemavhareti akaenzana ehuwandu hwezvino uye huwandu hwemabhizimisi ehutano. Chigadzirwa chacho pachacho chinosanganisira muviri wekamuri wejikirari, iyo yakagadziriswa yakaiswa nenyuchi, yakasimba yakasimbiswa nesamende-jecha redu.

Chinangwa chekuchengetedza mabhandi

Chinangwa chikuru chekudzivirira mabhandi ndiyo kusungirirwa kwezvino-kutakura vatakadzi vanofamba mumadziro uye vanofukidza zvivako kana zvivako. Zvisungo zvakadaro zvinosanganisira dielectric porcelain. Mutumbi unogadzirwa nenzira ye cylinder, pamucheto wepamusoro iyo tsvimbo inotakura ikozvino. Pamwero wepakati wemuviri mune tsvina dzesimbi, iyo, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, inogadzirirwa kugadzirisa zvinodzivirira pasi.

Bishuwairi yepisipu IP pamhepo inoshandiswa kusvika kune 10 kV yakaitwa yevhu, uye pamhepo inoshandiswa inenge inopfuura 35 kV dzimba dzechigadzirwa inogadzirwa sechinhu chakaoma kudzivirira, iyo iyo inosanganisira muviri wevhu, makadhibhodi, mapepa, dielectric paper and transformer oil.

Kuiswa kwevhesivha

Panguva yekugadzirwa, kushandiswa kwekunze kwekunze kwekunze kunongororwa nokuda kwekuputsika uye zvimwe zvikanganiso, sepakati pekutakura nzvimbo yevanodzivirira ingakanganisa. Uyewo chengetedza kana nzvimbo yepamusoro ye glaze yakasakara, iyo inoshandiswa pakudzivirirwa nekuwedzera kwechigadzirwa.

Inishuwarenzi inofanira kuiswa kune chero zvivako zvesimbi zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzwa zvemiti, uyewo kushorwa kwematairi kana mitsetse yepamusoro.

Kuiswa kwezvinyorwa zvinodzivirira zvinotanga nekuiswa kwepani inopfuura, iyo yakagadzirirwa kune chimiro kana chero kusimbiswa. Uyezve, vachengeti vanovhara pamativi ose maviri ne-cast-iron caps ane zvikamu zvesimbi zvine maberere akareba akafanana nechitima chezvitima. Huru hwavo hunoenderana nehukuru hweiyo yakagadzirirwa mataire. Nzvimbo dzakasungirirwa pazvigadzirwa zvebhasi zvinoshandiswa pakati pezvigadziriswa mataire.

Kuenzanisa kwebhandi rinodzivirira

Kucherechedza kugoverwa kuitira kuti kusimbise zvose zvakasikwa zvechigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, muchengeti wep pass IP-10 630 7.5 UHL1, iyo:

• Uye-muchengeti;
• P - checkpoint;
• 10 - magetsi evashandi evhidhiyo (kV);
• 630 - kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kwechigadzirwa (A);
• 7.5 - kuputsa simba (kN);
• UHL - iyo mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu ekushanda;
• 1 - chikwata chekugara.

Kuputsika kwemhepo IP

Kuparara kwevhenekeri yeP porcelain PIs kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehupamhi hwepurasita yakatarisa. Pasinei neizvi, zvakagadziriswa nevhutsi rinotsanangurwa nemasimba anodiwa emagetsi, kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa kwehuwandu hwepamusoro uye humwe hutano hwekubvisa korona.

Apo kusvitsa kwe10 kV kushandiswa, hapana matanho anotorwa kuti abvise corona. Pakuverengwa kwezvikwereti zvinopfuura 35 kV, zviyero zvinotorwa kuti zvive nekorona pedyo nechepe inopesana ne flange, pane imwe nzvimbo iyo hurukuro huru mumhepo.

Kuti udzivirire korona, vachengeti vanoshambadzira vanogadzirwa pasina michina yepamhepo yakakomberedza tsvimbo yesimbi yakaiswa mukati mevharesi. Munguva iyi, PI yakasimbiswa netsvimbo. Uye kuitira kuti kubvisa kuonekwa kwekubudiswa pasi pePI, nzvimbo iri pasi payo inoitawo metallized uye yakawedzerwazve.

Mhedziso

Zvichida munhu wese akamboona transformer iyo mitsara yemhepo yakanamatirwa nePI. Izvi zvinoshandiswawo zvekubatanidza faira kune zvigadziriswa zvigadziriswe, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kuisa mazinga-high magetsi kunze kwekudzivirira.