Makambani Makuru eMamerica: nhamba

Haisi chakavanzika chekuti hupfumi hwemazuva ano hukuru hunoenderana nehurumende yeAmerica. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo mugove weshumba wemakambani uye makambani ari muU.S. ari kupfuura nemabhirioni emadhora uye mumabhizimisi akawanda avanokumbira (uye dzimwe nguva kunyange nechisimba anotema uye kuisa) mitemo yemutambo. Nokudaro, iyo nyaya ichakurukura makambani makuru eMamerica ayo anonyatsopindira kwete chete pane bhizinesi nzvimbo yeAmerica, asiwo kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzenyika yedu.

Historical aspect

Tisati tatanga kudzidza makambani anotungamirira, inofanira kunzi kuti mazita emabhizimisi eAmerica avepo kwemakumi emakumi emakore, uye vamwe vevatambi vakakurumbira vakagadzwa muzana remakore rechi19 uye vave vachishanda kubudirira kusvikira nhasi, vachiramba vachivaka simba ravo rezvemari. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti panguva iyoyo mamiriyoni evanhu vanobva kumativi ose enyika akatamira kuAmerica mukutsvaga hupenyu huri nani, izvo zvakazopedzisira zvaumba misika yakakura yevarume vane unyanzvi nevashandi veAmerica vakakurudzirwa kukura nokukurumidza maererano nekunze kwekukwikwidzana kwevashandi.

Chimiro chechimiro

Kusvika iye zvino, kune mazita akawanda akasiyana emakambani makuru. Chimwe nechimwe chazvo chinoumbwa maererano nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana, zvisinei, kuremekedzwa kunoremekedzwa kwakabudiswa nemagazini inonzi World Forbes magazine. Nokudaro, zvichibva mubhuku rino, makambani makuru eAmerica akanyorwa pasi apa, kusanganisira:

• IBM.
• Chevron.
• Wal-Mart Stores.
• Johnson & Johnson.
• General Electric.
• Berkshire Hathaway.
• Microsoft.
• Exxon Mobil.
• Google.
• Apple.

Iyi yero yakatevedzerwa nehuwandu hwemari yepamusoro yega yega yezvikambani. Tichasvika pakuvaziva vari pedyo.

Yokutanga kombiyuta inoita

Mazuva ano, zvichida, hapana munhu akadaro asingazivi kambani IBM, iyo iri mutungamiri chaiyo mukuendesa kweT solutions, iyo inobatsira kubvisa matambudziko akawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, urongwa hwekugoverwa kwebasa hunoonekwa sechinhu chinotaridzika mune ino mhizha uye inoramba ichiramba yakakwirira. Kunyanya, kufanana nedzimwe makambani eMamerica, IBM inotarisisa zvakanyanya kubasa kwevashandi, izvo zvakabvumira kuumba guru guru pamadhora anoda kusvika 238 mabhiriyoni.

The giant oil

Chevron mutungamiri wechokwadi mukugadzirwa kwemafuta nekuchenesa. Mukuwedzera, kambani inochengetedza huwandu hwemotokari dzemotokari dzemotokari, uye huzere nemari yavo. Chimiro che petroleum titanium chinopawo kugadzirwa kwemakemikari akasiyana-siyana. Mukuwedzera, Chevron inogadzira mafuta uye zvinowedzera zvinowanikwa kune vanotungamirira injini vese pasi. Imari yehurumende iyo yakaenzana nemadhora mabhiriyoni 240.2.

Kutungamira mutengesi mutambi

Kudzidza makambani makuru eAmerica, hatigoni kufuratira brainchild yaSam Walton, inonzi Wal-Mart Stores. Iri sangano rinonyanya kugadzirwa nekutengesa uye rakatangwa muna 1962.

Iyo kambani inosvika 10 000 inotengesa pasi rose. Panguva imwecheteyo, maitiro ezvitsuwa izvi zvakadai kuti iwe unogona kutenga zvose kubva kune zvishandiso kusvika kune zvinhu zvikuru. Simba reizvi hypermarkets rave rave rakanzwa nemasikisi akawanda maduku, avo vane mabhizimisi vanomanikidzirwa kuderedza mabasa avo apo zvipfeko zveWal-Mart Stores zvinoonekwa.

Ichocho chikwata chehama dzaJohnson

Johnson & Johnson - imwe yekambani iyo ndiyo chibereko chebasa remhuri yose, kana kuti - hama mbiri. Yakaberekerwa muna 1886 uye kubvira ipapo yakange ichikudziridza chivimbo, yakasarudzira iyo pachayo nzvimbo inokosha yebasa mukutsvaga kwemishonga yezvokurapa, zvinhu zvekutengesa nemishonga yemishonga. Nhamba yekambani yekambani iri 258.4 mabhiriyoni emadhora.

Thomas Edison Company

"General Electric" yakawanikwa nemuumbi wezvakaitika muna 1878 ndokutanga basa rayo rakaoma nekubudiswa kwemazuva ose emagetsi ekudzivirira. Nhasi kambani inobatanidzwa mukusika uye kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvechiremba, mabhazi emagetsi, maitori, maoreji uye nevamwe. Pakazara, General Electric anosarudza nzvimbo nhanhatu dzekushanda kwayo, iyo:

• Power engineering.
• Kurapa.
• Kutakura.
• Aviation.
• Financial sector.
• Light engineering.

Upfumi hwekambani ihwo huwandu hwemadhora emadhora makumi maviri nemadhora gumi nematanhatu.

Active player

Berkshire Hathaway pakutanga yaiva chigadzirwa chemucheka, iyo nhasi iri pasi pekutungamirirwa kwakasimba kwaWarren Buffett yava chinhu chikuru. Munharaunda yekutungamira kwayo kune zvinhu zvekutakura kwezvitima, confectionery mabhizimusi, mabhizimisi ebhizimisi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda. Capitalization yekambani pamagumo e 2015 ndeyemamiriyoni 292.4 emadhora.

Iboka remupfumi murume munyika

Microsoft - ichi ndicho chiratidzo chinowanzozivikanwa kunyange kuvana. Zvechokwadi, ndeyekuti iyeye vechidiki vemazuva ano vanoshandisa mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yemakombiyuta uye kazhinji vane mukana wekushandisa makombiyuta, sezvo sangano rinonyanya mukugadzirwa kwemapurogiramu nemamwe makombiyuta emakombiyuta. Mari yekusika Bill Gates ndeyemadhora mabhiriyoni 303.5.

Energy Monster

Exon Mobil pamwe nehuwandu hwemari yakakosha yemadhora mabhiriyoni 395.4 yakatumira nepamusoro matatu matatu muAmerica. Iyo sangano inonyanya kuiswa pakugadzirwa uye kutengesa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepetrochemical, kusanganisira plastiki uye polyethylenes. Mukuwedzera, kambani inayo kana inofadza zvikamu mumabhizimisi anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwesimba remagetsi. Exon Mobil inobatanidzwawo mukuvandudzika kwemafuta emafuta uye gasi masimiro ekuwedzera mari yaro.

Absolute Mutungamiriri

Makambani anozivikanwa zvikuru eMelika anongotungamirirwa neApple Corporation. Akasarudza kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemakombiyuta, mafoni, mahwendefa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, izvo zvinobatsira munhu wemazuva ano kugadzirisa nhamba huru yemabasa ezuva nezuva. Mukuwedzera, kambani yakagadzira mapurogiramu akawanda ezvo uye yakagamuchira nhamba huru yezvibvumirano. Iyo yakarumiswa apple (iyo kambani yekodhi) inodhura madhora mazana 471.85 nhasi. Mari iyo, iwe unofanira kubvumirana, inoshamisa.

Bhizinesi rinodhura zvikuru munyika yose

Kana iwe usingazivi kuti bhengi inonzi inonyanya kukosha, bvisa gwaro iri. Zita renzvimbo iyi yemari ndeJPMorgan Chase. MunaSeptember gore rino, bhangi reUnited States nehuwandu hwemitambo yakakwanisa kusvika kune chivimbo chekutanga chekutanga kwete kwete muUnited States of America, asiwo munyika, yakapfuura nechiratidzo ichocho zvisingazivikanwi Wells Fargo. Muzhinji, JPMorgan Chase iri pakati pemakambani makumi maviri makuru pasi rose maererano nemari.

Manufacture of Viagra

Pfizer chikamu cheboka rezvikwata zvakakurumbira zvemishonga zvepasi redu. Icho chinhu chakanga chakakwanisa kugadzira chirwere ichi kutanga kwekugadzirisa uye kubudirira kunobatsira kwekodetori mumuviri womunhu. Kuti tinzwisise kuti iyo kambani inonyanya kutaurwa sei muUnited States, zvakakosha kutaura kuti muna 2004 zvikamu zvayo zvakaiswa muDow Jones index (industrial index). Ihofisi huru yekampani iri muNew York, uye nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza iri muGroton (Connecticut).

MaAmerica muRussian Federation

Tichifunga nezvekuti makambani eUnited States anonzwa sei muRussia, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mari yavo yose yekusvika kwekugadziriswa kwezvikwereti zvemuganhu muna 2014 yakaderera zvishomanana, uye sangano rakadaro seGeneral Motors, raimbove riripo pane runyorwa rwekambani dzinotungamirira kune dzimwe nyika dziri kuRussia, Uye yakaderera kunze kwehuwandu, sezvo yakanyatsomisa bhizinesi rayo muRussia.

Nezvekambani idzodzo dzichiri kushanda muRussia, giants rinotevera iri pakati pavo:

• PepsiCo inofunganya kudya iyo yakapinda mumusika weRussia kumashure muna 1974 apo yakazarura firisi yayo yekutanga muNovorossiysk.
• Procter & Gamble.
• Mars.
• Apple.
• McDonald's.
• Cargill.
• Mondelez International.
• Ford Motor.
• Johnson & Johnson.

Ndiyo makambani eAmerica anoramba achikurudzira michina yavo mumusika weRussia kunyange nhasi, pasinei nedambudziko reimwe rezvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwe enyika mukuita bhizinesi. Chii chichaitika kwatiri munguva yemberi?