Chii chinonzi nyuchi? Hurumende somunhu nyuchi uye ano shoko rokuti "mujeri nyuchi"

Chii nyuchi, vakawanda vedu vachiri kuyeuka zvidzidzo enhau pamwe. Chafariz munhu zvaanoda ndima iri pasi pesimba yokumwe mamiriro (guru). Panguva iyoyo pamusoro hazvigoni kuitwa simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi, uye kuzvidzora kunobva kweutongi chaiyo. Vagari mumaguta mune misha vane simba rakawanda uye ropafadzo mukuenzaniswa kuvagari yepakutanga. Kubva kare nemaonero, paumbwe nemisha akati kuti hurumende akatsvaka kuwedzera ayo zvoupenyu simba nokuda kubatwa dzimwe nyika uye makondinendi.

kubva kare

Ndechipi nyuchi, hatina vanozivikanwa. Zvino yava nguva kuti tizive izvo nyika uye sei kutora chikamu mune Colonisation-siyana anoti. Saka, muna pakati XVI remakore kudzora pamusoro yeAmerica akatora pamusoro Spain, uye Spanish dzaidzorwa yaigarwa zvinenge zvose North America, apo dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope vaisagona ndiwane runenge chikamu American nyika. Zvisinei, pakutsvaka goridhe nesirivha ikadzivisa vokuSpain kudzora nharaunda yavo nounyanzvi, uye kuramba tichishanda hondo pamwe Netherlands zvakasimba vasanyanya zvingangoita Spain. Zvose izvi zvakakanganisa kuti England akanga ari kukurumidza kukura kutungamirira mune kukunda zvenyika.

kuzvidzora nyuchi uye ichitongwa mitemo munyika dzakasiyana

The mapoka North America, yakabuda XVII remakore. Rokutanga, umbwa ne kugara kubva France, England uye Holland. Misa mutsika yaiva colonists Chirungu. Wokutanga Chirungu kugarwa pano akatanga Virginia, ipapo pamusoro Atlantic pamhenderekedzo akazviratidza 13 rine vanhu vasanganiswa kwazvo vanhu mamiriyoni 2,5. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvizvarwa zvemo muzita iri Iroquois uye Algonquin vari kutanga kurapwa kuti zvikuru kushivirira colonists, takavadzidzisa zvinhu zvizhinji. Ndizvo chaizvo maIndia vakakwanisa zvakumbirwa vokuEurope kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana zvachose. Asi wakatendeuka kubva kuti sechiratidzo "kuonga" wokupedzisira akakunda vemo nyika uye vagari ikava varanda. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti ndima dzinotungamirirwa zvakananga kubva kuEngland, kureva, mambo akagadza gavhuna mumwe ugari. Pane yose dzayaitonga gungano umo vavhoti aigona kusarudza mutongi yemberi vaiva.

Musimboti mutemo kwaiva nechokwadi, kuti varanda uye kushandisa vanhu nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo. Zvakafanana zvinoitwa kunyange muRoma uye dzimwe slaveholding inoti, apo varanda vakabatwa, varanda zvikaendeswa nyika, vakabvisa akasiyana siyana upfumi uye zvinhu. The tanga yaitonga umambo akatanga Spain nePortugal, izvo akaumbwa pakarepo mushure Great Geographical Discoveries. Nokudaro, Spanish nhapwa Central neSouth America, Portugal akazarura nzira kuIndia, nokudaro rokutora nemhenderekedzo Africa uye Brazil. Vachiparadzwa mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vari varanda Aboriginal yose maruwa uye neyenyika.

Achitaura Colonisation, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mapoka okutanga chaizvo Greek akasimuka. Asi munharaunda iyi gadziriro kuumbwa itsva inoti achiumbwa yakasiyana zvachose nzira, kureva, mumwe nomumwe wavo anofanira kuva yakazvimirira. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti Colonisation yakabatsira kuponesa Greece kubva pasocial kuputika, sezvo guta haana kupindira mauto nengozi uye mutorwa. Kazhinji, mamiriro ichi hadzisi zvehondo chaizvo, zvichienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, pamwe France. Muna 1713, nyuchi French Kunoumbwa mapurovhinzi mashanu yava Canada neUnited States, dzinoti Canada, Acadia, Hudson Bay, New Earth uye Louisiana.

Colonisation Spanish yeNyika Itsva rakatanga apo Columbus yakawanikwa America muna 1492. Taifanira kuwana nzira India, iyo yaizova njodzi uye uchitsanya. Somugumisiro, vatsvakurudzi zvishoma nezvishoma akawedzera Spanish dzaidzorwa. All zviwi uye nyika vari munzira kuenda India Columbus, aitenda Spanish nyaya: Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, Tortuga, Zvikanganiso Antilles, mhandara Islands, Guadeloupe - ichi zvose zvakanga chikamu Spanish pfuma.

US nendima

All mapoka North America inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata 3. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira kuchamhembe nendima, izvo vakabatanidzwa rwakafanana zita - New England. Pano akatonga evasingatombonamati Chirungu mweya, kuti indasitiri ari kushingaira kukura. Boka rechipiri re kumaodzanyemba dzaidzorwa (ndiko Virginia, North uye South Carolina, Georgia). Pano hwaro hwenyika chakaita kuti rabha, iro basa negros. Pakati mapoka aya maviri mundima akaisa mapoka North America, vakanga vachishingaira mapurazi, kutanga Estates. Ava vaisanganisira yakapoteredza New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey.

Raiva pakukura dzayaitonga simba, uye England, izvo kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwaizoita wayo nenzvimbo, ndivo vakakunda France, Holland, Spain, Portugal uye India. Zvinotevera States munzira Britain vaiva China uye Afghanistan. Yakanga pashure kubatwa pfungwa muGulf of England aigona kuva rudzi munyika simba zvikuru uye akaramba paukuru ichi munyika XIX remakore.

Asi nokufamba kwenguva, kutamburira ukuru munyika kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti akatanga kuonekwa hondo dzakawanda uye kurwisana, iyo yakawedzera nokuda gogonera zveupfumi uye enyika kukura capitalism. Germany, Italy, US uye Japan vakaita zvose zvavo simba uye zvinogonekwa, kuti asimbise simba rake.

Kunyange mazuva ano pakati maviri World Wars - Wokutanga Second World War - hurumende zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga vazvisunungure kubva ichitongwa pakudzvinyirirwa. Saka, muna 1943, akava yakazvimirira Siriya neRebhanoni, muna 1945 - Vietnam uye Indonesia. Gare gare zvishoma nezvishoma akasunungurwa uye navamwe mamiriro. Saka nemafiro uye pokuwa yaitonga ezvinhu munyika.

Sezvo masimba chaiitirwa

Kuti Vanzwisise nyuchi chii, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakanga akatakurwa utariri kunze. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mumwe nyika kutevera chinangwa chacho kusika dzakadaro. Mumwe akaedza kuhwina zvakawanda nzvimbo uye kuisa pamusoro payo pazvose. Dzimwe nyika vavariro chete inodzidzisa uye expansionist. Chero mapoka - French kana Chirungu - Rinotarisira paiva aigona vanhu, mutauro unonyanya mutauro vakaziva pakati dzakadzidzvinyirira.

Nyuchi dzakatangwa kuitira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda. Kubva upfumi mumaonero, zvaigoneka kushandisa dzinongoitika uye dzevanhu zviwanikwa. Kuumba nyuchi munyika, vakunda optimize dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana uye pamisika. zvinangwa Foreign mutemo vakanga kubudirira, vakange kunokonzerwa Geo-zvine urongwa zvido. Kunzwisisa nyuchi chii, zvakaoma, kana varege kuziva mamiriro ayo. Chii chinosiyanisa ndima iyi? Chekutanga, political nedoro uye kuvapo rinokosha pamutemo. Chechipiri, nzvimbo yomugariro zindoga. Chechitatu, misiyano Aboriginal uye guru maererano nechitendero uye tsika.

New zvinoreva kuti maonero

Nhasi, isu hatichamuzivi kuziva chinhu chakadai ave mujeri nyika. sangano iri, rine vagari akura, nechokwadi uye mumajeri. Kune mhando nhatu nyuchi-nemisha, zvichienderana norudzi mhosva mutirongo mugadziriro:

1. Kuvanhu chivi nemaune.

2. Nokuti vanhu vari mhosva kekutanga kuti achida mhosva muduku kana mwero kukuvara.

3. Nokuti vanhu vari pedyo yakanaka divi inozivikanwa.

Zvisinei, chero hurumende correctional dzaitongwa zvinopa kuti Mapato vose vanhu havasi kuda kugara kudzivirira kana lockdown. Muchiitiko chino, vasungwa vose vari kurangwa dzose nemhando nemisha imwe chete ezvinhu. Mukuwedzera, vari hakungoitwi vakasununguka kufamba mundima uye mvumo kwokubatsira anogona kunyange asina anorayira panze. Somuenzaniso, kwakadaro kudiwa angamuka kana nemhosva vanofanira kudzidza kana kushanda kunze kugarwa.

yaitonga hurumende

Type ane sangano iyo mhosva munhu achatumirwa, zvichienderana chii dare chichakusunungurai. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe nyika-kugarwa nokutumira mhosva kugara nokuda hanya kana nemaune kuita diki kana mwero nekuomarara. Labor nyuchi rakagadzirirwa vaya kunyimwa rusununguko rwavo nokuti vakaita kwemhosva. The yokugara kuzviomesera hurumende akatuma angaratidza, uyo zvikanzi chirango rinonyanya kwemhosva, akaita kokutanga, kana vaya vakaita anoita zvakare. The rinokosha hurumende nyuchi yaiva murume kugara upenyu mujeri. In correctional nyuchi vamiririri Vanhurume nevanhukadzi siyana raiva nomumwe.

Chii michini?

Mhando dzose correctional zvivako dzinowanikwa zvinhu. Saka, iyi ndiyo yekubasa vematunhu, zvinosanganisira maindasitiri kwakavakirwa uye chokugara nzvimbo. Rakakamurwa munzvimbo vemo apo akavaka dormitories vasungwa. Vakawanda vaIri ndivo yokudyira, raibhurari, chikoro, zvokurapa Unit, tsvimbo, kugeza, dzimbahwe (pane administrative mudonzvo). Kakawanda, apo nzvimbo ine chechi kana nzvimbo yokunamatira, uyewo makamuri misangano.

On munharaunda mukuru hurumende kugara vasungwa vari kuchengetwa mumasero akakiyiwa, uye kwakavakirwa izvi 20-50 vanhu vanogona kugara. Kana vamwe vasungwa kupinda modes richiparadzirwa munyika dorm kana mumabharaki. In dzekurara dzavo tiers matatu bunks, apo mumwe munhu ane 7 sq.m. nzvimbo. vasungwa vaya kugara mujeri kwoupenyu hwose, huri maviri-murume masero. Vamwe IC anogona kukumbirwa kugara ndoga. In hostel ichi, kunze dzekurara, pane nzvimbo here yokuchengetera zvinhu, kupfeka mukamuri, imwe nzvimbo choupfu uye "zvitsvuku pakona", apo siyana tsika zviitiko.

nyuchi All kunze kuti kweutongi chaiwo esplanade apo vasungwa ndiende kwavo kupembedza nguva. Panewo zvivako kuti aurayiwe chirango maitiro: chirango sero (vasungwa pano ingasanganisira mazuva anosvika 15) uye sero-mhando kwakavakirwa (Chirango mwedzi kusvikira mitanhatu angaratidza kushumira pano).

Vakadzi nyuchi

Mumakore achangopfuura, vasungwa, varume nevakadzi vangangowedzera kushumira mitsara dzavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Nyuchi kuti vamiririri "bonde simba" dziri nzvimbo vakawanda hwechiFascist, apo vari kushumira nguva yokuuraya, kuba, kupamba, kubiridzira uye zvimwe mhosva kwoupfumi, uyewo mashandiro pamusoro nezvinodhaka. Nherera kushanda pa 13 misha Russian. Panyaya iyi, amai nevana aparadzane, akasangana rose zuva awa rimwe. In dzevakadzi majeri, sapamazuva dzakawanda padzimwe izvi, pane kunyatsoteerera, nguva dzose uye akwanise mamiriro ezvinhu mutsigiri. Zvichienderana ichi mhando, vakadzi vangava mumwe kana kupfuura uchishanyira mugore.

Tonga angagara kunze vaIri nemhuri kana nevana. Zvisinei, zviitiko zvakadaro hadziwanzowaniki. Kamwe chete pamwedzi, angaratidza MUNOGONA hama kana mumwe munhu, asi runofanira kutanga kuita nyaya yakanyorwa. Kukurukura pamwe runogara maminitsi 15 chete. Kusiyana nevarume, vakadzi vanogona kugamuchira chinhu risingaperi uwandu mumapasuru. Yavanogara dormitories vanhu 100-120 mumwe barrack. Basa chero mujeri nyuchi wakakurira huru basa, nokuti vakawanda angaratidza ndiwo mukana wakanaka kuwana pane zvishoma. Zvisinei, pashure ose mari ungaona kuti mari ndiyo rubles 500 chete.

Vana nyuchi

Mune imwe nzira, izvi mhando sangano rinonzi "nyuchi edzidzo" apo kutumira yevana. Vanogona kutongwa nokuda kwemaune kunosiyana nekuomarara. Izvi kutumira vasati vayaruka kubva mamwe majeri. Avo vechiduku vakaita chakanga chakafanorongwa kwemhosva, zviri vaitofanira hwechiKomonisiti. In chete zvivako sezvo avo kazhinji vakanga yatyora murayiro vari yevasungwa centre, uyewo vaya Kutamiswa kubva akwanise ezvinhu. Pashure pemwedzi mitanhatu, vanogona kurapwa shure, kana vari kushumira mutongo maererano nemitemo zvose.

The hwanana correctional Zvivako, apo nhamba akagadzawo uye Akazadzisa utongi angaratidza vanogara dormitories. Ivo vanobvumirwa zvinotevera:

- kukwanisa kuwana zvokurarama pamwedzi zvinokosha mari yake pachake Nhoroondo (zvinosvika 60% of shoma mubayiro);

- pfupi matanhatu navaviri kushanyira refu pagore;

- 8 Mabhokisi / zvirongwa, uye 8 mumapasuru pagore.

Angaratidza vari kushumira nguva vagadzikana ezvinhu, uyewo kurarama dorms. Features chokuvapo dzavo siyanei:

- on zvinokosha rinoreva vanogona kupedza 120% of shoma mubayiro;

- mugore ravaifanira 12 pfupi uye 4 refu kushanyirwa, uye kwenguva refu kushanyira anogona kutora nzvimbo kunze rokudzidzisa Colony, kana mvumo Administration;

- mugore vanogona kuwana 12 anobatsira / kwakavakirwa uye zvakafanana package.

Kana nemhosva zvakatangwa kushumira mutongo mumwaka ezvinhu, vanogona kurarama dormitories uye kunze kundima, pasina dziviriro, asi pasi pokudzora kwokubatsira. Mapoka akadaro akashora makomborero akawanda, kusanganisira kukwanisa kupedza zvakakodzera uwandu mari pagore, kugamuchira chinhu risingaperi uwandu Mabhokisi uye mumapasuru, kurarama kunze nyuchi uye akapfeka hembe sevhiriyeni.

Vana muhutongi inoomesera ezvinhu kunosanganisira kugara kwadzo dzinogarwa dzoga, izvo akakiyiwa yavo kupembedza nguva. Angapedza mari kubva munhoroondo 30% of shoma mubayiro, vanogamuchira mumapasuru 4/4 yedzimudzangara uye mumapasuru uye vane 4 pfupi Kushanya pagore.

The nemitemo kugara mune yokupara correctional Zvivako

Kazhinji, vasungwa vane makore 18 okuberekwa anogona kugara mujeri makore 21. Panguva iyoyo muviri zvinodiwa, zvinhu yokushumira chirevo uye zvasara kuitira kuti varambe chete, uye kuti aiva nemakore 18 okuberekwa. vasungwa vaya zvasvika nemakore 18 uye vakanga dzinoratidzwa kunaka, akatamisira kushumira rimwe mutongo ari mujeri Colony, uye chisarudzo yakatorwa nedare. Mamwe makore 21 vanotumirwa kune mujeri yaitongwa. Muchiitiko chino, pashure kushumira 9 months nemhosva nyuchi zvinogona hwakatamisirwa zvavo ezvinhu.

Strict Mode: Ndezvipi zvinhu?

New Russian Criminal Code kunoratidza kuti upenyu mutongo - rudzi pane norufu nokuda zvakakura mhosva. Kwehupenyu inopiwa anotevera nyaya:

- kana kupondwa yakakumikidzwa pamwe kuwedzera ezvinhu;

- kana nechisimba yakakumikidzwa kuti hurumende kana voruzhinji sangano;

- kana akaitwa kuedza musi upenyu munhu anoita kururamisira kuuya achiitisa munhu rokutanga kuongorora;

- kana paiva yokuedza pamusoro poupenyu kwemitemo vakuru;

- paiurayiwa.

Kwehupenyu hautorwi pamusoro vakadzi, nevana uye varume vari panguva mutongo pamusoro makore 60, pasinei nokuti Criminal Code inobata mutongo dzakadai voga ari musungwa kubva muvanhu. Saka, vasungwa vakatongerwa upenyu mujeri, uchashumira mutongo wake ari mujeri nyuchi takaparadzaniswa nevamwe vasungwa.

Saka, munyaya ino isu akaedza kuita kuti nyika ino. Chokwadi, nhasi shoko iri rinoreva zvakasiyana chakajairika hwedu. In chinonyanya Kazhinji pfungwa nyuchi sechinhu namahwindo nzvimbo rayo chata, mitemo uye hurumende rwaioneka mumajeri ano.