Camera Matrix

Vatengi veRussia vari kuwedzera kushandisa kamera dzemakamera uye makamera. Zuva nezuva, vanogadzirisa nyika vanobudisa mhando itsva dzinopa mikana yakawanda yemifananidzo. Nhasi, munhuwo zvake angawana zvakaoma kusarudza kusarudzwa kwekhamera. Dzimwe nguva vatengesi vane ruzivo mudura uye zvino havagone kupa mazano anonzwisisika pane zvaanosarudza. Ndicho chikonzero chimiro chinyorwa chinyorwa, uye kunyanya zvakadaro chiremba anofanira kuziva zvimwe zvinhu uye maitiro ezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano.

Iyo matrix kamera ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha mumashandi akadaro. Icho chinhu chinotaridzika chinonzwika zvikuru, chinogona kugadzirisa kutendeuka kwechifananidzo chekuona chinoratidzwa pairi ne lens mujiniti ye digital. Iyo matrix yekhamera kana kamera inobatsira zvakananga pane tsanangudzo uye hutano hwemifananidzo yakatorwa. Ngatinyatsoongororei chinhu chino.

Iyo matrix yemamera yedijitori inosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvinoyevedza zvinoshandura chinyorwa chechiono mufananidzo wegetsi. Pixel imwe neimwe yematrix inoita imwe pfungwa yemufananidzo wokupedzisira. Nekugadzira, vanogona kugoverwa muzere-mazamu, kupfuurira kupenya, zvinyorwa zvakasungirirwa, zvine chitubu chekugadzirisa, kuseri-chiedza uye kushandiswa kwepakati. Muchizamu ichi chinogona kugoverwa mumarudzi maviri makuru, ayo zvino anowanzowanikwa mumakamera akatengesa.

Mhando dzekamera dzinofa

Kwenguva yakareba, simbi oxide complementary semiconductors (CMOS) yakashandiswa sematrices, ayo anonzwisisika pakuedza akawanikwa mune makumi matanhatu. Pano, chiratidzo chacho chinogona kuverengwa kubva kupi zvako, iwe unongoda kujekesa mutsara uye nhamba dzorunhare. Muchiitiko ichi, pixel imwe neimwe ine mhizha yekuverenga yakanyorwa. Kwapera nguva pfupi pakaonekwa maikirwo aiva nekutengesa mutauro (CCD), iyo yakatanga kudarika zvikuru CMOS-matrix. Mumitambo yakadaro, chiratidzo chacho chakaverengwa nenzira imwechete se CRT (cathode ray tube), kureva, kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi uye kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Silicon photodiodes yakashanda munyaya iyi seye photosensitive elements. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura kuwedzerwa kukuru kwemashoko e CMOS kwakaitwa. Nemhaka yezvinhu zvakadai zvemhando iyi yematrix, yakadai sokukwanisa kuwana hukama hunowanikwa nehupamhi hwemifananidzo yepamusoro chete nehukuru hunokosha hwemasimiti, dzinowanzoshandiswa mumakamera ane unyanzvi ane hukuru hwakakura. Kana tichitaura nezvemabhizimisi asingadhuri, zviri nani kusarudza izvo zvakagadzirwa neCCD matrix. Makambani akadai seCanon naNikon anogadzira mhando dzemakamera ane matrices a CMOS akashandurwa, ayo ari rudzi rwekutsvaga shanduko.

Matiri ekamera ane unhu hwakakosha zvakadaro sechisarudzo. Pasi pekugadziriswa kunoreva kuti nhamba yezvinhu zvinonzwisisika pamatrice, mumwe nomumwe anoona chiedza uye achichinjeka kuva mune imwe mhaka yemagetsi. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti hapana chinangwa mukudzingirira nhamba yemapikseli, nokuti huwandu hwezvinyorwa zvakadhindwa huri zvimwe chete, uye kusiyana kunogona kuonekwa chete pasi pegorozi rinosimudza.

Chimwe chimiro chakakosha icho chikwata chekamera chiri nacho chiyero chemuviri. Kazhinji kacho, kana huwandu hwacho hwakakura, huri nani hunoti-to-noise ratio, iyo ichakubvumira kuwana mufananidzo wemhando yakakwirira, ine mavara echisikigo. Isu tinogona kutaura kuti chikuru chemasikirini ematrikisi nenhamba imwe yepiksekisi, inowedzera huwandu hwemifananidzo.