Matangiro uye zvakasiyana-siyana anorimwa zvirimwa. Interesting zvinhu pamusoro chirimwa chirimwa

Anorimwa zvirimwa zvokuti kwazvo muupenyu hwevanhu kuti vanhu havafungi pamusoro apo nyaya yavo yakatanga kurima. Kudya michero uye miriwo zvokudya, murume haakumbiri sei kutarira kufanana nehama dzavo dzesango, uye sei guru zvakasiyana-siyana anorimwa zvirimwa.

nhoroondo zvinhu

Zvinenge zvose zvinozivikanwa kukudziridzwa miriwo nhasi vane nhoroondo midzi yavo kuti havatsananguri nzvimbo chidzoke dzavo uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja.

Mabviro anorimwa zvirimwa ndezvaJehovha 50 000-60 000 makore BC. e. Vasati iyi, kuunganidzwa miti yaiva nzira yokupona worudzi, yaiva basa nevakadzi. Uchapupu hwokuti vanhu vakatanga kutora zviyo makuru uye utano uye michero kukura kuzviswededza mudzimba dzavo vari midziyo yekare, hari zvokuyamura mumakuva vanodhirowa dzavo.

To musi, 640 zvikuru nevanhu mhando anorimwa zvirimwa zvinozivikanwa kuti vanenge 400 vavo wakabva South Asia, 50 - mu Africa, vanopfuura 100 - kubva North neSouth America, uye vakasara - kubva Europe.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro zvirimwa, somuenzaniso gorosi, vanoti kuti zviyo vaiva vokutanga kwemarudzi kuti vanhu noune akura pedyo dzimba. Uchapupu aya ndiyo mumaturi vekare uye pestles, yakawanikwa munzvimbo ugari cavemen.

Nzvimbo chirimwa domestication

Muzana remakore rechi20, masayendisiti vaikwanisa zvakazara kuziva apo vakauya kwatiri mhando ano anorimwa zvirimwa. Kunyange N. I. Vavilov akatsemura chirimwa jogirafi 7 nzvimbo:

1. Saka, South Asia razova mubereki 33% kubva dzaichengetwa marudzi. Anorimwa zvirimwa (mienzaniso dzinogona kuwanikwa mabasa Vavilov), zvakadai mupunga, nzimbe, wemagaka, eggplant nevamwe vazhinji, vakauya kwatiri vachibva ikoko.
2. East Asia akatipa 20% of kurimwa marudzi, zvakadai soyabhinzi, mapfunde, Cherry, Buckwheat.
3. South-West Asia ndiyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo gorosi rye, bhinzi, turnips, inova 4% of zvinomera.
4. divi Mediterranean ane 11% of anozivikanwa anorimwa zvirimwa. Izvi gariki, mazambiringa, makarotsi, makabheji, Pears, nenyemba nevamwe.
5. Ethiopia aiva kumba 4% kwazvakaita, izvo zvinosanganisira pizi, bhari, kofi muti.
6. Central America akapa nyika nezviyo, manhanga, fodya, koko.
7. South America ndezvaJehovha nembatatisi, coca, oki, cinchona.

Wild hama zvinomera izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kusvikira zvino. In ichi dzinonakidza chokwadi pamusoro chirimwa chirimwa hazvirevi kuguma ikoko.

Selection yekare vanhu

Kashoma cavemen kana akazotevera kusimudzira vanhu kwemarudzi kubudikidza Breeders, asi vamwe unyanzvi wokusarudza uye kurima zvirimwa vakanga.

Vanochera matongo vakagumisa kuti kurima uye ndakagara mararamiro senzira yokupona vakava zvinoshanda 10 000 apfuura. Zvinonzi iyi anonzi mavambo domestication zvinomera. Kutaura zvazviri, chirimwa zvirimwa (mienzaniso chii matongo kuwana nzvimbo dzekare mumunda) kuti kurambana refu zvisati.

Masayendisiti kuramba kuti aunganidzwa mhuka tsanga, ibwe muchero nezvimwe Yakamera pedyo nzvimbo vekare vanhu vakati padzinomuka zviyo Makomba kana kukandwa pamwe zvasara. Vakadzi worudzi chakaitwa Mumuvhomorerewo masora pedyo "yecocoa" kuti akararama kusvikira nhasi.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanhu vakatanga kutora midzi, sejecha uye mapfupa muchero kupfuura inonaka uye makuru uye nemaune makavasima pedo mudzimba dzavo. Saka akatanga zvokurima, izvo chamuita kuti kuvandudza emunhu.

Kusiyana anorimwa zvirimwa nhasi

Munguva yedu, kusarudzwa rava sayenzi kuti anoshanda kwete chete pane goho, asiwo kunaka kwavo uye zvawanzwa kupukunyuka. Chinenge nemhando dzose miriwo, michero uye zviyo, izvo anodya murume ano - a dzemasanganiswa, kuti akatunhidzwa artificially.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro chirimwa chirimwa, izvo ndavhiyiwa kwete kusarudzwa uye muchinjikwa ruminant nevamwe mhando - ndiko anodzora muviri zvachose itsva risingaenzaniswi zvakasikwa.

Hybrids, akaberekwa artificially murabhoritari iri imwe-nguva mbeu, asi ndinoonga kuti nhamba richinaka kupa mukuru goho zvirimwa kwakawedzera kane mazana.

Nhasi hybridity akabata akaita zviyo, uye michero nemiriwo vari aizivikanwa kwatiri, vakadai madomasi, pepper, magaka, uye vamwe vakawanda.

anorimwa wemagaka

Kurimwa chirimwa gaka ndiko saka kujaira tafura yedu itsva uye zvomumagaba chimiro, hatina kuzvibvunza "kupi zvose kwatiri."

Zvakaratidza kuti nzira cucumberkuva patafura yedu pane hombe, sezvo yokumusha kwake China uye India. Kunyange 6000 apfuura, miriwo ichi civilize, kunyange zvazvo hama yacho yekare kungokura mumasango India, somuzambiringa, vachivhara hunde dzacho miti, uyewo avo kushandiswa nokuda mapindu fenzi nemakwenzi.

Pamifananidzo muIjipiti yekare, uye ipapo muGirisi yekare, miriwo iyi anomirirwa pamatafura vapfumi uye nguva refu akanga kuwanika chete nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vanhu.

MuEurope, wemagaka vakauya vaGiriki, uye kuparadzirwa yavo yakanga nokukurumidza nokuda kuravidza uye zvingangoitika yemberi pickle muchando. Nhasi, miriwo ichi inowanika wose uye kwose kwose. Mumwe murimi chaitwa kukura kuva chirimwa wemagaka, dzinoshandiswa wayo varietal marudzi uye VaNefirimu zvakanaka.

Kukudziridza indoor zvirimwa

Vanhu vakaonga miriwo kwete chete nokuti mukana kwavo kushandisa zvokudya, asiwo semushonga, uyewo runako. Interesting zvinhu pamusoro chirimwa chirimwa, inova mamiriro yomusango yaiva mwero runako uye unyoro, nehanya ndokumuka.

Rose akava ruva yokufananidzira mazhinji avanhu vari kare. Saka, maererano Indian ngano, Lakshmi, mwarikadzi runako, akaberekerwa rosebud. Iye zvakayeriswa nhetembo vadetembi munyika dzakasiyana uye panguva dzose, sezvo kumba kwaiva dzinopisa Southeast Asia. Yakanga kubva kukudziridzwa chirimwa akasimuka akawanda akatamira Ancient Greece, apo rainzi ruva Aphrodite. MuRoma yekare, kunyange akaisa girinihausi nokuda Roses vari vachiita gore rose.

Nhasi kune mazana akasiyana miti akaberekwa nokuda Breeders kuti vachengeti pose.

Modern Roses vari akura pachena muvhu, muhari pamusoro windowsills, mune greenhouses nechando greenhouses. Kwavari kugadzirira zvinonaka uye utano jamhu uye akamuka mafuta ichaongororwa chimwe chezvinhu zvinodhura, sezvo kubereka mumwe kilogram kg 500 vakashandisa petals.

anorimwa zvibereko

Uyewo zviyo uye miriwo, michero kwave chinangwa kurimwa yekare vanhu. Useful zvivako zviri bheri uye muchero zvinomera, uyewo mukana kuponesa muchimiro akaomeswa kana pickled kuvaita zvachose zvinhu pantries. The kupfuura nomukurumbira nemichero vari maapuro, hama mhuka inowanikwa Cretaceous strata, uye misi. Nhasi, miti yemichero yakawanda kuti makore 200-300 apfuura kwainzi vatorwa varikukura wajaira mumapindu kuseri kwedzimba.

Future chirimwa

Breeders munyika yose vachiri kushanda Labs dzavo kukudziridza zvirimwa itsva kuti vachakwanisa midzi kujairika ezvinhu kwavari uye kupa kusingaenzaniswi anokohwa.

Nemhaka ravo, chirimwa zvirimwa zvakawanda nemishonga nokuchinja okunze, ivhu kuparadzwa rukoko Nyika uye nokudaro kupa goho rakanaka.

chirimwa zhinji zvirimwa vakatanga kupa zvirimwa maviri pagore kana mwaka, sezvo dzemasanganiswa vacho mukukutu. Izvi zvinopa tariro mune ramangwana yedu pamatafura vachava michero nemiriwo, vane nyika kare kurega kuva yoga nyika, sezvo aiva yose.