Vatsvakurudzi Great uye Zvavakawana

Vafambi zvikuru nenzvimbo zvakawanwa ... Ani verenga pamusoro vakashinga vakadzingwa kuMiddle Ages, vaiedza uvhure mari dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana kana kuti kuchengeta zita rake, kunofadza, sezvazvakanga zvakaita. Muropa vanoda gungwa dzakafafadzwa yomugungwa muone pamberi pavo akazivisa frigate maseiri. Most kusiyana sei vafambi zvikuru anogona atange kufunga adventures venyu chokwadi, pakuratidza kutsungirira kwazvo uye unyanzvi. Pamusana kwavari nyika vakadzidza pamusoro nyika itsva uye nyanza.

Reality kufamba ngozi

Zvinosuwisa kuti chaizvoizvo Vafambi makuru vaigona kunzwa manakiro dzorudo, zvikepe zvavo dzacho dzakaparadzwa, uye chikwata rose ndakakundikana achirwara kusingaenzaniswi panguva iyo chirwere. By vafambisi, akashinga kupinda zvinhu zvitsva, aifanira kutambura kusarara, vanowanzoororwa vofa. Ndosaka nhasi dzakawanda yemura ushingi uye kutsunga kwavo! Zvisinei, nemhaka vamwe vafambi makondinendi itsva pazvakawanikwa, uye vamwe vakaita mupiro chaizvo kunyika dzinotaurwa. Achibatsirwa zvinyorwa, ane zvinyorwa zvapupu kana manotsi kubva logbooks, tinogona kuva dzechokwadi pamusoro yavakateedza. Zvisinei, zvinosuwisa kuti nenzvimbo vafambi makuru kashoma kubudirira kuti kuedza.

Hristofor Kolumb mukutsvaga zvinonhuwira uye nendarama

Zviri pamusoro murume akarota kuenda pamusoro refu rwendo zvose hwake. Kufanana chimwe, panzvimbo yake, aiziva kuti pasina rubatsiro mari anogona kuita, uye kuwana kubva vapfumi uye havana kugovana mari dzavo madzimambo Zvaisava nyore kudaro. Apo aida kuenda apererwa mufambi? Zvaaida nomwoyo wake wose kutsvaka pfupi nzira kumavirira India, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva nemukurumbira zvinonhuhwira ayo, tsenivshimisya ayo uremu goridhe.

Kuedza kuratidza ake mhosva, Columbus akaramba kakawanda kuuya mambo Spanish uye mambokadzi kwemakore masere refu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti urongwa hwake aiva zvikanganiso zvakawanda. Pasinei chokwadi kuti masayendisiti kunoonekwa idenderedzwa Maumbirwe Earth, mubvunzo akanga akadini bhendi nyika mugungwa anoparadzanisa Europe kubva Asia. Somugumisiro gare gare, Christopher akaita blunders maviri. Chokutanga, iye akafunga kuti Asia nzvimbo ndohwenguva yakakura nzvimbo pane zvakanga, uye chaizvo. Chechipiri, pane kota Columbus kurerutswa kukura redu.

The rwendo kubva Columbus rokutanga

Chero raiva, "nekugogodza uye uchazarurirwa kwamuri": kunorwa akabvumirwa mu swimming vakanga vakapakata nezvikepe matatu. Enterprising Spanish madzimambo akachiva kwete chete kunobatsira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana - unofadza pfungwa yokuti nyika kumabvazuva mari yeRoma. Uye August 3, 1492, vanhu vanenge 90 vakaenda refu rwendo. Ivo nechikepe kwemakiromita akawanda pemvura, asi vafumi panyika uye haana kuonekwa pedyo. Columbus nguva dzose aifanira kudzikamisa chikwata chake, dzimwe nguva underestimating chaiwoiwo rinosundwa madaro ari kuramba tichishanda rwendo. Uye pakupedzisira, sezvo zvingaita sokuti, Vasvika yavo chinangwa! Where magamuchira yedu vanoramba vatsvakurudzi?

Earth, iyo yakasvika murayiro kwayo, aiva kuBahamas. Ikoko uye akazosangana kusimira zvemo, uye inopisa ane zororo. Asi chero zvakadaro zvakanga zvisiri chinhu icho vakaenda nzira huru vatsvakurudzi, vachisiya misha yavo uye mhuri. Pashure pevhiki mbiri rokuzorora kuvafambisi vengarava vakapfuurira uye ukasvika Cuba. Columbus aisagona kudzikama. Nekuti ndakanga ndisingagoni kuwana chero zvinonhuwira kana goridhe

Next Odyssey akaramba kumabvazuva, uko kuchiva goridhe yakawanikwa. Zvino pachitsuwa, iyo Columbus akapa zita La Isla Española (Hispaniola nhasi). Hristofor Kolumb atova kurota sei nyika ichava pasi korona Spanish. Ake akamirirwa kudzoka kumba uye rukudzo hombe, uye mumwe rwendo.

Zvakazoitwa nzendo pamusoro Columbus

Gore rakatevera, pamwe Columbus akaenda ane armáda yose ngarava 17 uye vanopfuura 1,200 vanhu. Pakati vanhu paiva varwi zhinji uye vapristi. The vokuSpain vachida kutendeuka nyika itsva munzvimbo, uye vagari kuita nevaKaturike. Columbus achiri kuda kusvika pamhenderekedzo India.

Two unozotevera rwendo kuna East Indies chete kuwedzera mufaro aidzidzisa zvishoma. Chero zvakanga, gungwa migwagwa kuti vasarudzwa kwavari, ndibatsire Colonisation of kondinendi yose - North America. Nokuda kuita ake nyika husisina kumira.

Vasco da Gama - the aiongorora huru

Vasco da Gama akararama zvishoma pamberi Columbus, uye akavhura nzira India, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda Africa. Kugadzirira ake refu rwendo akatanga refu asati aberekwa - sei iyi yakanga yakasiyana zvakaitika Columbus! Portuguese madzimambo ainzwisisa kukosha inonhuhwira kutengeserana. Manuel I - Mambo Portugal - Ndaidavira kuti achatungamirira chete munhu anogona kukurumidza, izvo, mumashoko mumwe munyori wenhau, "kuti nokubatanidza kushinga murwi ane manomano achitengesa, Wenyika nokungwarira." Maererano King, ndiye Vasco da Gama wakanyatsokodzera basa iri.

On dzinongoitika unyanzvi uye zvebhizimisi murume uyu akasiyana zvikuru Columbus - ainyatsoziva zvinhu yake, akaziva apo uye chii floats. Wokutanga rwendo, kunyange anga chokuita nedzimwe matambudziko, haasisiri zvinobudirira - Vasco da Gama akaita rugare ukama uye chibvumirano pamwe Indian mubati kutengeswa ezvinonhuhwira. Zvikuru, mambo Portugal pakarepo akarayira sangano nekutambira nzendo. Saka, nemhaka gungwa ichi chitsva nzira kubva Europe kusvikira Asia yakavhurwa akashinga murume.

vatsvakurudzi Great uye Zvavakawana

Kwemazana emakore akawanda akararama nevanhu vakasiyana vari kubudirira chaizvo dzinongoitika sayenzi uye jogirafi. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro nebudiriro vomunyika yedu, chokutanga mukuru Russian mufambi, uyo pakarepo anouya kunotiyeuchidza - ndiye Nikolai Maclay. Kunyange zvazvo nokubudirira ake, Chokwadi, regai kupfeka ndima pamwe zvemashoko Hristofora Kolumba, James Cook, Vasco da Gama uye Amerigo Vespucci. Kufarira ndiye mhedziso yake kuti tsika uye kwemarudzi maitiro uye kusiyana pakati pemarudzi nokuda dzinongoitika nemagariro zvakatipoteredza.

Zvimwewo vafambi Russian avo vakabatsira kuti kukura nzvimbo zvinogona kunzi Fedora Konyuhova, Yuri Senkevich, Ivan Papanin, Nikolaya Przhevalskogo, Afanasiya Nikitina, Erofey Khabarov, Vitus Bering nevamwe vazhinji. The upenyu neimwe - rurefu, azere mupfumi zviitiko.

The nyota rakakura zivo midzi kwevanhu

Zvinogona akabvunza: kupi vanhu vane rakadaro simba kudiwa chinhu asingazivikanwe uye kure? Chokwadi kuti kubvira pauduku kusvika kumunhu nhema kudikanwa kuziva nyika, kuongorora izvozvo, kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo: "Chii zvinoreva upenyu tiri kuitei panyika pano?" Tiri zvose chaizvoizvo ari mweya - Vafambi "mukuru" uye vatsvakurudzi. Tiri zvavakaitwa saka, munhu vangatoti, saka zvakagadzirirwa nguva kudzidza pamusoro nyika. Hatisi netsaona munyika uye yakasiyana chaizvo nemhuka, sekunge vamwe havana kutsvaka kuratidza kuti isu hwakabva hama dzedu. About chido kwevanhu kubva pauduku kuziva nyika rakanyorwa yakawanda mabhuku. Imwe nyaya izvi zvakanyorwa Zoshchenko - "vafambi zvikuru". Next, ndinoda muchidimbu kurondedzera chii bhuku rino.

Zoshchenko, "vafambi kukuru"

In munhu mumwe nomumwe, mukuru kana mwana zvikuru asi, hwavo Columbus kana Vasco da Gama. Kunyange kuva mwana, tinogona kucherechedza kuti mwana anoda kudzidza pamusoro nyika. Zoshchenko nyaya "vafambi kukuru" inotiudza vana vatatu, vakanga vakaungana vakapoteredza nyika parwendo rurefu. Vakatora zvizhinji zvakasiyana zvinhu zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kutakura, uye izvo pakupedzisira ikava zvisingavaki muviri. anorayiridza nyaya pfupi iyi inodzidzisa vana kuti vanoda kuziva kubudirira zvikuru. Zoshchenko nyaya "vafambi kukuru" - iri kabasa kakaitwa nounyanzvi.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Sezvatinogona kuona, mumwe nomumwe wedu ane nyota nokuda asingazivikanwi hombe - kana uri Russian mufambi chikuru kana aingovawo munhu. Munhu wose anoedza kuwana mhinduro unopfuta mibvunzo. vafambi Great uye vari akazarurwa chete kuratidza ichi chokwadi nyore uye chinokosha. Zvichakadaro, pasinei isu richavakunda refu munguva upenyu hwedu hupfupi kana kwete, mumwe nomumwe wedu kutanga uye kupedza rwendo rwavo hwepanyika, azere uchinzvera uye upenyu hurefu. The mubvunzo ndiyo chete chinhu: kuti isu Waziva murwendo urwu uye kuti achasiya shure?