Grigory Potemkin: Biography uye zvinofadza zvinhu zvoupenyu

Munhoroondo nyika yedu haina tichivenga hunhu, mafungiro aripo nharo kusvikira nhasi. Nezvokunetseka avo, uye Grigory Potemkin. At kutaurwa zita munhu nokuwadzana rokutanga kumbowanikwa avhareji Russian vari "mumisha Potemkin". Vazhinji vakatenda kuti kwakafanana guru nhoroondo farce uye kuratidza kure kuti Gregory "splurge" Empress Catherine uye wake vakokwa dzavatorwa. Pano tiri shomanana vanhu vazive chii, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, kwete zvachose nhema.

Izvi runoratidzwa dzinenge chokwadi kuti navatorwa, uyo pamazuva iwayo aiva pasi maonero nyika yedu, akabvuma kuti Grigory Potemkin aita zvose New Russia uye Crimea, kupfuura ani zvake. Uye hapana kutsvinya mashoko avo haana: chaizvoizvo vakashamiswa rapanzvimbo basa rinotevera kuedza kufarira of Empress. Pasinei ake chido nokuda muumbozha uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri "upenyu akanaka", munhu uyu akakwanisa kushanda uye akazviita sowakajeka!

nhoroondo gakava

History - "amai" capricious uye kururama. Pafunge: zvakafanana Pyrrhus, unyanzvi uye vakangwara mukuru, akaramba ari kuyeuka zvizvarwa chete sezvo vasina mutungamiriri, "aizivikanwa nyama muvengi." Uye hakuna haina kurangarira kuti Pierre pachake aiva pasi pfungwa wavo vakakunda kukunda. Uye Grigory Potemkin. Pasinei nemabasa ake ose kubwinya Russia, tinofunga nezvazvo chete ribald majee.

Pakarepo recollected mashandiro ake pamwe Catherine, kwazvo nokuda muumbozha chete zvose mumusha kurwara-fated ... Chokwadi, Gregory aiva mumwe kupfuura matarenda varongi iyoyo pamwe pachena chipo uye paruzhinji yaitonga unyanzvi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kuti munhu akanga chaizvo mukuru. Zvakandiomera, pamwe quirks dzavo, asi ayo kutadza ndivo musoro kuenderera yake undoubted dhigirii. Saka kana kuita pamusoro mutauro rechipiri vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika, kuti shongwe Grigoriyu Potemkinu akamutswa kunaka? Kwete, Chokwadi. Prince uye kodzero dzose accolades ayo uye achibuda chaizvo. Kuti uone ichi, tinofanira chete kuziva mikuru kwawakabva kuti Biography ake.

Matangiro Ayakaita

Iye akaberekerwa Smolensk province. Place aberekwa - musha muduku Chizhov. Izvi zvakaitika 13 (24) mu September 1739. Baba aiva Aleksandr Vasilevich Potomkin, munhu Retired Major. hunhu wake akanga ari sezvo ikozvino netsika kuti, "kwete shuga". Ndizvo chaizvo izvo zviri nokuti mwanakomana kurega, saka riri kurova, raiva dzinongoitika mugumisiro mumwe nehasha, uye kupanga nokuda chinodururwa. Sezvineiwo Gregory, akaramba izvi zvose zviri chete kusvika makore manomwe, uye ipapo baba vake vakashaya.

The mai, Daria V., akaedza zvakaoma kuvharidzira mwanakomana wake kubva zvakaipa zvaiitwa nababa vake uye nguva dzose kuti kupinda, nei zvakanga kakawanda wedzeredzei. Uye nekuti afa Alexander Vasilyevich mhuri yose vakagomera pamwe rusununguko. Potemkin akatamira Moscow, uye munzira dzakawanda ichi kwaiva kuchikonzerwa chido kupa dzidzo kuna Gregory. Zvakare, nokuda yezvakaita mukomana wacho chido haina kuzadziswa zvikuru. Zvisinei, ndinoti kwamuri zvose kuitira.

mudzidzi

Kubva muduku chaizvo Grigory Potemkin ane chimiro yaingowanikwa kwazvo; iye chaizvoizvo anouya yokuti afarira uye aigona kushanda pairi anenge akapoteredza wachi, asi chete nokukurumidza kwaari uye akakura chando. Zvisinei, vakawanda vavo kuedza, iye achiri akapedza. Ndainyanya akaita zvose yekubudirira. Zvaisava pasina - muna 1755 akava mudzidzi pa Moscow University, uye gare gare chete gore wechidiki Gregory akagamuchira menduru yegoridhe "Nokuti kubudirira muzvidzidzo zvavo."

Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva chaizvoizvo kunoshamisa kuziva makodzero. Zvose hwairatidza kuti pamazita Zvinovheneka Russian sayenzi ichakurumidza kupinda zita idzva. Dai here, pasina mubvunzo, Potemkin zvechokwadi aigona kuva hunoshamisa musayendisiti. Ndiani anoziva, pamwe isu vakarasikirwa mumwe University ...

Papera gore nayo boka 12 vadzidzi zvakanakisisa pamberi Elizabeth. Ndizvo zvose chakakanganisika ... makore matatu chete pashure pokunge pekuwanikwa ake "usimbe uye kupinda hurukuro." Uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Pashure pezvose, akanga ose makings kuva chinovheneka sayenzi. Just panguva ino pedyo akanga asiri chete anonyatsozivikanwa chipangamazano vaigona womuratidza Kukanganisa yezviito zvake. Panguva iyoyowo Gregory akaratidza mwanakomana muenzaniso: Vachiziva kutambura amai, izvo stung vadzingwe ake, zvaakazoita akagogodza fomu zvepamusoro Tenzikadzi wake. Zvisinei, apo ichi ingasava mubvunzo. Young "mediocrity" akanga achimirira hondo Russian State.

Kuzvikudza uye inofadza isingatarisirwi

vomunguva All akati kuti mumwe mukuru zvazvakashatira Potemkin aiva kuzvikudza, dzimwe nguva akatendeukira kuva maturo rakazaruka uye nokuzvikudza. Zvisinei, zvakanga hako chinhu chakaipa; zvinyoronyoro kugamuchira kudzingwa kwake, akabva akasarudza itange nzira rechiuto. Panguva iyoyo paiva atova rudzi analogue kweuto dhipatimendi uye nekuti vadzidzi zuro wacho kare pamutemo kare wechi muchiuto uye akatora kushingaira mubasa rechiuto. Chaiva chido chakanaka mberi basa!

Saka, muna 1761, akanga atova akabata chinzvimbo sajeni, nepo isina kushanda zuva rimwe chete. Panguva iyoyowo, aimbova mudzidzi anouya St. Petersburg uye ari chehondo. Kuonekwa kwake kwakanga zvokuti chaizvo kuti pakarepo akaita yakarongeka Field Marshal Georga Lyudviga (Duke pamusoro Schleswig-Holstein).

conspirator

Pasinei noushamwari kwaakaitwa muhondo, Gregory akaramba asina tsitsi wake zviduku mudzvinyiriri wavarwi, Peter III, uyo akanga atova vakakwanisa kupa nyika zhinji mvura neropa varwi Russian, chidhori chake Frederick. Uye kuti vacho zvaivadzokera zvakakwana: hondo Russian hurumende kukanganwira kusavimbika yakadaro chete vakasagona. Hazvishamisi Potemkin nyore anobatana panhengo revapanduki. Day of kubvuta masimba, June 28, 1762, yaiva yakachinja zvichaitirwa kwete Russia chete, asiwo pamusoro sajeni. Catherine II pakarepo aifarira wakanaka akanaka.

Kusiyana "nevamwe" yavo rangano, izvo yakabereka bedzi komumanzi remangwana yokutungamirira kamwe yakatarwa refutenendi wechipiri. Kazhinji, ndizvo zvakafanana kana nhasi sajeni zuva akava guru. Zvinonzi chokwadi ichi kwave vakashorwa dzakaitika, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, iye rimwe zuva awana zvizhinji vavengi. Zvisinei, ramangwana Earl chinhu chakaipa haaoni, nekuti yake maturo vasine kuzadzisa exclusivity kwayo.

Kupererwa uye ushingi

Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, Potemkin aisagona vanorota munhu kupfuura nyasha Empress. Chokwadi kuti kwaiva kufarira kuti Count Orlov, uye kukwikwidzana zvaasingakwanisi kuita naye. Pasinei vakauya Basa insignia uye mibayiro, Gregory zvishoma nezvishoma oonera inotonhorera wake basa. Panguva iyoyo, paiva anenge zvinoshamisa chiitiko: Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich akapotsa akava mumongi! Akanga zvechitendero kurefu pamwe vashumiri chechi, kurova pavo nezivo yake, uye kwakakanganisa vachigadzirira mhiko. Asi zvino hondo Russian-Turkish inotevera.

"Vasingagoni Kunyora Nokuverenga, asi zvikuru akashinga"

Muna 1769, rimwe jaya Major General (makore mapfumbamwe !!!) anoenda hondo somuzvipiri. Ake basa hunhu chete haana kurega mukana wakadaro kuzviita. Oddly zvakakwana, asi vakavimbika mafeni uye Vavengi Potemkin akati zvakafanana: "Sei mukuru nayo - usina nzvimbo, asi pamwe zvikuru noushingi uye havazombokundikani kushinga muhondo."

Iye vapinda panzvimbo apo zvakanga kuita chaizvo chinhu, uye panguva imwecheteyo vanoparadza vanhu, asi akarwa navo parutivi uye haana kuvanda shure nemasoja. Potemkin akatora chikamu mune zvinenge zvose panyika hondo.

Chokwadi, pane maonero kuti Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (zvichibvira) kwazvo gamba haana, uye mukurumbira wake - mugumisiro laudatory mishumo zita Catherine raMwari. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingasava: kushinga kwake kunyange kutaura yakaipisisa vavengi. Chokwadi, izvi hazvirevi kupembedza zvisingakoshi uye kazhinji benzi kurasikirwa.

chandinodisisa

Muna 1774, Potemkin anouya dare pamapapiro kubwinya. Makondo iyoyo yatova mukunyadziswa, uye nokuti dare nokukurumidza pane kufarira itsva Catherine. Gregory nokukurumidza anopiwa zita count uye pachinzvimbo chevatatu General-mu-Chief.

Historians vachiri gakava sei kure ukama Potemkin uye Catherine. Pane shanduro kunyange mwanasikana Elizabeth kubva ukama hwavo.

Zvichipomerwa musikana hwakatamisirwa dzidzo dzepedyo nehama richangobva akasika girafu. Zita rake raiva Temkin, sezvo tsika makore iwayo akati, kuti vana vasati vanofanira kupiwa zita rababa, anotorera ekupedzisira wokutanga mabhii. Asi vakanga vabereki vake Grigory Potemkin uye Catherine?

"Pane mukomana? .."

Muna Tretyakov Gallery ane mufananidzo mukadzi uyu, saka kuti ivepo hapana nenharo. baba vake vaigona wakakonzerwa Gregory, asi kana ari mai Catherine? Chokwadi kuti panguva yokuberekwa Elizabeth akanga atova nemakore 45 okuberekwa, kunyange nguva ino haisi akakodzera kuti vakawanda kuzvarwa, uye kunyange mumazuva iwayo zvaiva chinhu chisingafungidziriki. Chero zvakanga, asi mumakore iwayo nhamba Potemkin uye Catherine vaiva vakavimbika zvikuru.

Pano ndinoda kuti mumwe digression. Panguva Empress muupenyu hwake aiva mugove vaaida uye kwemwoyo. Asi vose, vakati vakarasikirwa nenyasha mutongi, ipapo akapinda mumvuri, uye kare anoita pacharo haana akayeuchidza. Potemkin, kunyange ichibudiswa dare, achiri wakaita basa guru iri hurumende, uye saka chandakukanganisira mumutonge chete nemaonero unyanzvi jinda.

Kuvaka New Russia

Muna 1776, rimwe protege of Empress akagamuchira basa National kukosha: kuita urongwa New Russia, Azov, dzimwe nyika munzvimbo idzodzo. Anenge zvose vanobvumirana kuti Prince Grigory Potemkin Tauride paakasvika mumunda iyi zvinoshamisa kubudirira. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti zvaakandiitira rwezasi nyika yedu kupfuura Peter I muna Northern Territory (debatable, Petro aifanira kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru). Yaakasimbisa nemisha yakawanda, apo chete zuro yakatsvairwa vamapoka muArabhu, uye hapana asi musango inowanzorimwa uswa.

Zvisinei, aigara achifunga pamusoro noukuru nyika yavo, hatching urongwa kupedza kudzvinyirira kweTurkey uye kudzorerwa yekare Byzantine Empire pasi pokutonga mumwe zvizvarwa Catherine II. The urongwa haana chinozoiswa, asi pfungwa pamwechete annexation pamusoro Crimea rave chinozoiswa zvakazara. Ikoko akaramba basa rake pamusoro achisimbisa miganhu reRussia, kuvambwa guta uye nhare. Zvikurukuru, ndiye akaisa guta Kherson, Odessa nevamwe.

Zvazvinobatsira uye umbozha

Hakuzovi okushamisira kutaura kuti nehavi muumbozha Duke chaizvoizvo aiva shumo. Zvikurukuru, ngowani yake akanga rinorema pamusoro zvemaoresa uye zvishongo kuti iye akanga ari mumaoko ake kutakura nokurongeka. Kunyange panguva apo Catherine pachake uye vaeni vake vaida predstavat kuruzhinji iri nyore kuvhima bhachi, Potemkin akaramba wechokwadi pachake, ikapenya vose varipo kubwinya goridhe uye mangoda. The chete unhu pachena mapurani mazano pamusoro Potemkin: zvakafanana guta Kherson pakutanga pamuviri zvakadaro pamwero kuti kunyange Moscow ano kugona naye chinhu kuti shanje. In tsika, hazvina kukwanisa kuziva chegumi urongwa.

"Guruva mumaziso," kana chokwadi?

Muna 1787, Catherine akasarudza kukudza pfungwa dzake Crimea. Potemkin, uyo akanga atopiwa chinzvimbo sezvo Field Marshal, haana kurega chinoshamisa mukana akadaro zvakare kuzviyeuchidza. Saka kuti "Potemkin musha", kunyange asiri muchimiro yatiri kutaura nhasi, vaiva chaizvoizvo. Zvakare - vakanga chaizvo zvechokwadi, vanhuwo zvavo here vaigara zvachose munzvimbo iyi, asi pasina yakakodzera zvinokukanganisa uye ichengetedzwe zvoumbozha Gregory pachena vakasagona. Ndokusaka, uye paiva nokutaura pamusoro farce uye "maturo" chakaonekwa Catherine vake vakokwa dzavatorwa.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva, asi panguva anoshanyira ari Empress Crimea akasika munhu "boka Amazon," chaiyo iro basa bedzi kubva vasikana vanokudzwa ropa. Sezvingatarisirwa, mushure kuenda Catherine zvakanzi emauto akadzingwa mabasa, sezvo Potemkin akanzwisisa zvakakwana Kusabatsira zvachose yakadaro rechiuto inotungamirwa pamusoro hondo chaiyo. chete rokuti, zvose "Munda Marshal," akanga asiri chete nokuda tsitsi pamusoro Empress. Nepo zvose vanoziva kuti bhuku basa akaita kufarira of Empress, zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa, saka nyore kumuregerera irrepressible nehavi muumbozha nokubwinya.

Positive uye akaipa

A dhazeni guru uye midziyo diki makumi maviri kufanorongwa inoshamisa mafayawekisi kuratidzira, razova apotheosis kuti Catherine akashanyira chitsuwa. nezvikepe ichi, izvo akazviratidza nemhenderekedzo kuCrimea kubva mutete mhepo, kunyanya kwakakatyamadza navatorwa vakanga akaperekedza Empress.

Vazhinji vakararama uye kare vanodavira kuti kunaka kuvakwa zvikepe izvi aiva "chifemo-kupinza". Hongu, ichokwadi, asi munguva yaitevera hondo Turkey, zvikepe izvi vakaita basa rinokosha, pasinei zvose kutadza kwayo. Pashure peizvi Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, ane Biography iri munyaya ino, pamutemo vakagamuchira zita "Tauride", kureva kunoshamisa kubudirira kwayo kukura munyika itsva.

Chimwe akaipa chinhu hunhu hwake aiva kutadza kuwirirana nevamwe zvainoreva vanhu Russian. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Potemkin Suvorov asingagoni kumira, uye anokudzwa wavarwi akati akafanana anovengwa pachena nokuzvikudza uye maturo. Uyezve, anofanira kunge aiziva kuti Grigory Potemkin kazhinji anoratidza kuti iye mipiro vake nzira kumunda.

Kunyange paiva Suvorov chikonzero kuremekedza vatsoropodzi ake: tinoonga Potemkin mauto Russian pakupedzisira ndikabvisa musoro Prussian nhaka muchimiro wigi, curls uye mhotsi dzangu yakaitwa zuva yemapfekero ari nyore zvikuru uye kupfuura hunobatsira. Izvi hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru basa zvakaoma musoja. Pakupedzisira, kana kwave kuchiita Russian vamabhiza ichatonga zvine mbiri yayo, sezvo wakaita mugove kukura revarwi mhando iyi. basa iri akabereka zvibereko 1812, apo waiva vamabhiza akava mukuru chaioneka simba pauto raida kuvapamba ose Napoleon.

Uyewo, mukuru mukuru akabvuma kuti Potemkin - murongi mukuru rwemberi. Under mauto ake kumboziva matambudziko pamwe nenguva chokuendesa zvokuyamura, zvombo uye zvose zvakakodzera. Saka Prince Grigory Potemkin chaizvo kuremekedza kunyange vavengi vake (izvo muchikuvadza kumusoro nokungoti maturo uye nokuzvikudza vamwe).

Hiakindi uye kubviswa

Career courtiers - kusimba chinhu. Ndakadzidza izvi uye gamba redu, kana akatendeuka dare aswedera muduku Plato Zurabov. Murume uyu akanga asina chete muduku Potemkin, asi kwakanga kusina zvishoma pakuridza murongi. Mazuva akare favorite vakaverengwa. Zurabov aisada yavasingazoshiviriri kuramba kuvapo achembera somukwikwidzi, uye saka vakasimbirira ayo rokubvisa. Muna 1791, akamanikidzwa kusiya St. Petersburg.

Last umbozha

Atova January, zvinouya shure zvakare, achidzoka neimwe hondo wokuTurkey. Four akatevedzana kwemwedzi iri pakati Tauride Palace , mumwe pashure perimwe vakapiwa kusimba zvemaoresa mitambo, iyo Potemkin akapambadza 850 zviuru rubles. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva mukuru vanosvika. Zvose izvi chete vakatevera chimwe chinangwa - kudzoka nyasha Catherine, asi chisarudzo chake asina yaserera. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyange Zurabov aziva kuti undesirability Potemkin kubviswa kubva paruzhinji nyaya, saka kuti kuchembera muchinda nyore shandisweyi kuti kuvapo kwake kupfuurira muSt Petersburg ari kunaka.

Ari kuitika mu rugare akurukure vokuTurkey. Asi zvakanga chete chidzitiro: nematuro nguva ino Gregory aiva basa zvakaipa, anongoti haaizorarama kuparadzana rayo kubva Catherine. Tsinga, akanga arwara, asi achiri akaedza kuita paruzhinji zvenyika. Russia, rechi18 nokuti raiva ichatonga zvine mbiri Renaissance, uye nokukurumidza kurasikirwa kumwe chazezesa uye nharo vevanakomana vake.

Last zuva

October 5, 1791 Prince arwara zvakarurama wenhumbi, yakavatevera kubva Iasi kuna Nikolaev. Zvizivikanwe mashoko ake okupedzisira. Akarayira kuti ngoro imiswe, uye akati: "Ndizvo zvose, tine kwokuenda ndiri kufa! Torai Me kubva wenhumbi, ndinoda kufa ari musango, "pamwe chete navaranda nyatsonzvera rakashandurwa tenzi wake matsutso munda !. Maminitsi mashomanana gare gare muchinda akanyangarika. Iye akavigwa Kherson munhare, kuti Cathedral of St. Catherine (iyo yakavakwa pasi utungamiriri hwake).

Saka akafa Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 gg.). Murume uyu zvakawanda akasiya yakadzika chiratidzo munhoroondo nyika yedu, uye nokuda kwebasa raro kuti kukanganwa chero zvazvingava hazviiti. Chokwadi hwaizova zvakasiyana pasina iye.