Kuunza zvoupfumi matare: rimwe gore. Chii chakaita pokugadzwa upfumi yevakuru?

The Soviet Union yose nguva ivepo, chakachinja kakawanda munyaya zvose. Get dzinenge chokwadi chokuti chidzoke of Soviet Union - migumisiro utendeuke kufunga maonero chavagari, kuti nokubatanidzwazve maitiro uye maonero avo ezvinhu. Sezvo nguva iri kubuda chenyika itsva dzakawanda vagari vaive vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi, chikuru kuchinja yose upenyu kunyika hanya ane National upfumi.

Zvokukura pakusika zvoupfumi matare havasi kuenda zvakanaka. Uyewo dzinongoitika uye avo zvakare kubudirira kuvapo. Sezvinoratidzwa kudzokororwa pakatanga muviri ichi, ayo kuramba kugadzirisa uye somugumisiro kudzimwa pakati sangano iri zvakazara kusvikira nguva yedu. Kunyange zvazvo zvinoratidza simba zvakare pamusoro adzokera tsika iyi, kunyange pasi yakasiyana zita.

Chii zvoupfumi yevakuru

It Mazano upfumi, izvo dzakatangwa kuti vemo utariri. Ivo vokutanga akazviratidza pashure October 1917 uye ari pasi reSupreme Economic Council panguva CHP, izvo, akavapindurawo, muna 1918, akanga kudzora uye simba Central Executive Committee of Council Vanhu vaJehovha Commissars of RSFSR. The chikuru basa matare kanzuru zveupfumi chaiva nechokuita Supreme Economic Council mutemo pasi. mitumbi izvi zvakatangwa mumaruwa, kumatunhu uye kunyange nemaruwa. Kubvira pakagadzwa hupfumi matare inoitwa dzakasiyana vashandi, nhengo yebato, ane musarudzo acho akatenderwa ari nhengo yeungano.

The chikuru mutumbi basa rakanga - kumisa hurongwa uye kupa masimba pamusoro kudzorerwa National upfumi mushure chakaparadzwa uye kuora. Uyezve, monitors ari Implementation zvirongwa uye mirayiridzo kuva sangano nokududza inodiwa uwandu pakugadzira zvinhu, huni mumwe nharaunda nomumwe.

dzesangano

Minimum chikwata kubva pakagadzwa zvoupfumi matare akava woruwa, iyo raitungamirwa remunharaunda, uye zvichingodaro. Sechikamu nechimwe akanga matavi 14, inova chisarudzo pamusoro pemashoko mhando dzakasiyana - kubva inoshanda (somuenzaniso, zvicherwa uye simbi) kuti sangano (somuenzaniso, bhengi nyaya).

Simbisa nawo upfumi matare akatadza nokuda mutemo nationalization. Izvi zvaireva kuti uwane makambani pakuenzanisa mamiriro, zvikuru zvinhu dzinoshandiswa wesimba.

Asi pashure vaviri makore, zvakasikwa zvoupfumi matare yave zvakunoreva, nokuda mutemo decentralization chourongwa. Uyu akanyatsorongwa zvakajeka, dzinotungamirirwa Mukuru Economic Council, zvakanga zvisisadiwi.

Vazhinji dunhu yakaguma uye kwematunhu kurongwazve uye kunzi vanhu Commissariat.

Chechipiri chinozunguzirwa

Mushure zvibviswe kekutanga pfungwa kunenge nokusika zvoupfumi matare anouya Nikite Hruschevu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Munyori General unowanzoonekwa vaiona mumwe chikuru vavandudzi Soviet Union. Pfungwa kudzorera mamiriro akabva nechinangwa kuvandudza kuvakwa uye kutarisirwa masangano indasitiri.

Kuunza zvoupfumi matare pakupera 1950 kwaiva kupa kuvandudza basa maitiro uye kudzora National upfumi. Kutaura zvazviri, kwaiva chitsva chehurumende, nokuti akapa richisimuka kuti chidzoke penhau rinokosha, zvinoti: Mweya pamutemo uye wepamutemo kuumbwa, vakuru vakuru uye mamiriro muviri.

Kuumba zvoupfumi makanzuru akatungamirira pakuparadzirwa hupfumi utariri pakati kwoupfumi kumatunhu, uye dzimwe nguva chinoda. Kazhinji, nharaunda hotera munzvimbo yaiva ndivanaani uye miganhu yacho.

Ari kukwanisa chete zvoupfumi kanzuru yaiva imwe indasitiri kuti akaita kuti zvikwanisike kwete yokubudisa pfungwa muviri mumwe maindasitiri akawanda.

mamiriro mazano

Economic emakurukota Wanga sectoral zvakasikwa mabasa. Kuti, kugona kwavo arege kudarika rimwe bhizimisi kana kuvaka, kurima, zvokutengeserana uye zvichingodaro.

muviri uyu haana pasi chero departmental risingaoneki, kunyange zvikurukuru novimba State Plan uye munhu chinoda of USSR rose. Mari akavhiyiwa uye pakusika zvoupfumi matare (gore panowanikwa - 1957 ndipo) inopiwa nehurumende zvachose. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji dzimwe zvinhu zviri zvekushandisa akafukidza masangano pasi zvakananga kudzora sangano. Asi kwakasarudzwa panguva mamiriro pamwero.

Kuti vadiwe vashandi vebasa pamusoro indasitiri, kwakasarudzwa kuti kumisa makanzuru sechinhu Advisory muviri. Kutanga kwezvisikwa zvoupfumi matare akaona kutora mukana vashandi.

Council vashandi

Zvaizoratidza sokuti aibuda zvakagadzirwa kubva vashandi vanhuwo - zvakanaka, asi chero pfungwa nharo dzinorema kunodiwa uye tsvakurudzo. Zvikasadaro, mungozi kuramba pasina chaicho Implementation. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa muna Council zvinosanganisira masayendisiti pakutanga. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo akatorwa pamusangano, kwagara runoonekwa pemasimba epamusoro. Saizvozvowo, akaiswa sezvo zvakawanda yakavimbika.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi, mazano kana emakambani vava kuzivikanwa uye paiva mhando itsva makwikwi - hondo nokuda yakanakisisa kodzera vaitaura. pfungwa idzodzo, izvo akagamuchira tendero Vakuru vake, vakanga akatanga mumafekitari munyika pamwe kutaurwa nemunyori kana chikwata. Portrait akarembera nokukudzwa rwakapetwa, uye mushandi rinova mhando Celebrity. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu incentives sezvo vakadaro haana vakasagona kunge panguva iyoyo nokuda dzakakurumbira egalitarianism.

Kubviswa shumiro

Kuumba makanzuru kwoupfumi, gore negore nayo sezvataiita basa hushumiri, uye vamwe vavo vakanga nokukurumidza chapedzwa. utariri hwenyika zvino kuitwa musi muganhu hwaro, yakavakirwa - pakugoverwa miganhu pakati kumatunhu pachishandiswa dzakawanda dzinongoitika zvinhu. Border nzvimbo rienderane kakawanda chete kunze munzvimbo uye kumatunhu zvoupfumi.

The liquidation oushumiri uye pakusika upfumi matare zvakapa kuwedzera basa ari oga zvokuvhoterwa mu upfumi Union wacho.

Uyezve, kugovera simba akadaro kuchatibatsira kubvumira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda pamusoro pachivara uye muuye utungamiri kuti kugadzirwa pachayo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti kechipiri pakagadzwa upfumi kanzuru uye akapa nemigumisiro yakanaka, chirongwa chakavapo kwenguva refu - makore 8 chete okuberekwa. Chimwe chikonzero kudzimwa vakadai sangano hwenyika rakava iro kurizaina pakati Khrushchev muna 64th gore. Panguva iyoyo akanga yabviswa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji.

sabotaging kuchinja

Decentralization simba kwave dzaona kuti nzvimbo kwematunhu mumatare uye vanyori mikana ikawanda kakawanda. Akasimba ari vakabata nhengo diki, zvikuru iyo kuraramisa vematunhu. Kunze pachake, Nikita Khrushchev akamuka mamwe masimba pamusoro indasitiri, izvo zvaireva achisimbisa pachake nzvimbo yaro.

commissars zhinji vaishora pachena pakatanga zvinhu. Akadai Kaganovich haana kutaura zvinhu, asi inongoti kuriteerera pachena.

Izvi imhaka wandei mashoko. Chokutanga kubviswa mumutsetse shumiro uye kugadzwa zvoupfumi matare zvaireva kurasikirwa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakwirira enyika nenhamba. Chechipiri, commissars vanhu uye utungamiri vamwe vebato akatsvaka kudzora vakawanda munyori uye zvimwe konzera nayo. Chete Nikita Sergeyevich refu kwete ainyepa, kunze zvichida mudare jester.

Kunobudirira sumo: Zvinokonzera

Pasinei nezvipingamupinyi, hurukuro hwakatangwa. Uye zvarakanga nokushanda kunosimbiswa nemashoko kwegadziriro pematambudziko uye mibayiro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kugadzwa zvoupfumi matare akaita danho rokutanga kuburikidza unhu munoenzanisa nokururamisira. At neimwe kambani akapiwa romugove kuronga uye zvaida mwero kugadzirwa. Kana inodiwa zvishoma hauna, isu zvino kutora zvikuru matanho - kudzingwa. It kusvetuka kuti nzira dzakadaro havasi kuva chinangwa.

Kana kukundikana kwehurongwa kwakakanganisa nechikonzero chakanaka, ipapo zvaakatambura chaikonzera.

Kanzura zvoupfumi yevakuru

Chikuru chikonzero zvibviswe muviri iri safunga kushandisa mari. Dzimwe nzvimbo vakaedza gurunurai muzinda sokukudza mari zvichibvira, tichizviisa pasi application rondedzero pamusoro chokwadi mumatambudziko dzisiri aripo.

Chimwe chikonzero - remunharaunda kusabatana zvoupfumi musimboti. Ndiyo nzvimbo yoga simba nerubatsiro: nomumwe zvigadzirwa vari pamahwendefa akasiyana. Asi vanofanira kusanganisa saradhi. Zvino indasitiri nguva: kunonoka kwemashoko nokuda remunharaunda Kutarisirwa zvikanganiso kwakakonzera kuti kumisa basa mune mumwe. Muenzaniso: chiitiko kubva firimu "Mambokadzi peturu chechitima", kana kuvakwa zambuko vasingagoni kuunganidza zvakakodzera zvinhu.