Mayor - ndiro vatungamiriri guta riri Ancient Rus

Posadniki kuonekwa pamwechete nehurumende uye guta muRussia yekare, chinangwa chavo chikuru chaiva kuita mutemo kwakadaro mumaguta avo, izvo zvaizoita dzinoenderana chaizvo kune zvinodiwa Grand Duke, uyewo mumaguta vakakwirira.

Kudiwa administrative mabasa

Old Russian mamiriro akaberekwa muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe, somugumisiro kubudirira uye simba zviito Novgorod muchinda Oleg pane kusaroora - Kievan Rus. Ndima State akakura, uye pane chikonzero vanhu chaiyo vanenge anomiririrwa Prince mumaguta munyika. Kubvira pakupera remakore rechipfumbamwe, zvikuru kukosha yekare muumambo vakaridza Novgorod, imwe nguva kunyange vachitaura aikwikwidza Kiev pamusoro chikamu ushasha kuRussia. Kusiyana nemamwe maguta, haana kuva mugove nemhuri kwomuchinda, asi wakasara rusununguko uye akamira oga pakati nefuma yose Grand Muchinda Kiev. Kuti adzore guta, Kiev vatongi vakatuma vanakomana vavo, asi zvakanga zvisina nguva dzose saka, hapana chikuru vana kugona kuwana nzvimbo ipapo, uye simba mukuru ikoko posadnicheskoe utariri uye Popular Assembly. Zviri muna Novgorod uye muPskov, vanhu ava vakanakidzwa simba mukuru uye aigona kunyange akakuitira Grand Duke pachena. Saka, posadniki - iri, mumutauro ano, ari mayors pakati pamaguta yekare Russia.

Zvinoumba Old Russian kudzora hurongwa

Nei zvakaoma kudaro muna Novgorod aiva posadniki. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga ndechokuti muguta pakutanga yakabuda sezvo basa uye raanoziva muzinda, uye izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti ayo dzinongoitika nzvimbo. Masango Huge akapa zvakawanda kwenhumbi dziri kudiwa, zhinji waterways kuchinjanisa bhizimisi hunobatsira chaizvo, uye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Novgorod kubva kudana VaViking uye Swedish-German vairwa muhondo dzemachechi havana kuona makuru zvokunze nengozi, saka simba namachinda, uyo akaita se vamauto uye vatongi, vanhu Novgorod havana zvakakodzera chaizvo. Saka, mangwanani kwazvo vakava Novgorod meya akasarudzwa pakati vomunzvimbo Chokwadi, nokubudirira zvikuru chikamu pamisangano yavose - Chamber. Zvido boyars guru vaiva pano pakutanga, uye panyaya kufurirwa Kiev Novgorod vose vakanga Consolidated mberi. Akafanana mirairo dzakaumbwa dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha Novgorod nyika.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Kazhinji, izwi akaonekwa mukupera remakore rechigumi uye unowanikwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years". machinda Kievan First akatuma vamiririri vavo kuguta, ndicho chatinonyanya kukoshesa, uye shoko pacharo rinobva pachiito "kuisa". shoko rokuti "Posazhennikov" dzimwe nguva kunoitika, kureva, "posadniki", mumwe uori shoko, kusimbisa kuzviisa pasi mamwe muchinda kwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, Posazhennikov Jaropolk - rinoreva meya, vakagadzwa Grand Muchinda Kiev Yaropolk Svyatoslavovich. Kana ari kutanga kwekupwanyiwa nezvokuvapo Kievan Rus muna Novgorod zvikurukuru akatumira guru vatungamiriri, basa kwapera posadniks vaiita uye vanakomana vatongi Russian. Asi zviri muguta iri Volkhov hunhu nezvahwo ainziwo Posadnik, kunyange akaberekwa aiva muchinda, uye zvose nzira feudal kusabatana guta nguva dzose kuratidzwa kwayo chinzvimbo chinokosha, uye Kievan vatongi dzakamanikidzwa kuzobvunza nayo.

The kuzvionera yokumusoro-rwamavirazuva Russia yayo kubviswa

Munguva yose feudal kusabatana Novgorod zvakatonyanya zvakaparadzaniswa, uye kubva iyi, asi chikumbiro Aleksandra Nevskogo kuratidza German-Swedish Kurwisa, Novgorod meya - ndiyo chete yomunharaunda kwamachinda. Kuchinja vatungamiriri guta kuRussia, kubva Kiev Vladimir, kubva Vladimir kuMoscow, Novgorod asi akaramba kuramba ayo zvakanaka zvakawanda kuzvionera, uye kunyange nechisimba Tatars vaisagona vangasimudzira kuchinja tsika iyi. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu pane imwe meya akasarudzwa nhanhatu, mumwe nomumwe waiva mutariri dzimwe nzvimbo upfumi guta, uyewo mukuru burgomaster, uyo chaibatanidzwa Kufambisa uye basa vashandi vose Chokwadi, nemashoko ano, waiva meya hofisi ose mushandi neropafadzo. Zvose kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kuMoscow weutungamiriri, inobatanidza policies akateverawo machinda ake, vakasagona kumativi ravarwi ichi Ages takasununguka. Pakazopera ichi remakore Novgorod rusununguko airwadziwa Ivan III, uyo asingadi kuva pehurumende kuzvipira Dare zviyero, wokupedzisira Posadnitsa Marfa Boretskaya aiva gungano bhero wakatorwa kuMoscow, uye kubva iyi nzvimbo meya yakaguma.

New zvenhoroondo chaizvoizvo

Kana mamwe maguta, paiva kugadzwa posadniki zviri nechepakati zviremera uye chero rinogutsa kuzvionera mune mufambiro zvakanangana havana nhaka. Mabasa meya havana guru chaizvo, zvikurukuru, vakanga vachibatwa yokutanga basa kuona yemutero, dare uye kuponda vemo, kuremekedza mutemo uye kuti mundima kwavari, guta kudzivirirwa uye kuvandudzika kwayo. Ndicho posadnik ichi muRussia yekare. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kushandisa ichi izwi chinonyanya kushanda mune rusarura Novgorod nenyika, zvikurukuru muPskov. With nokusimbaradza chehurumende, pambiru yakaguma panyika yose Russia, panzvimbo yayo vakauya vatongi nemagavhuna.