Valery Chkalov: Biography, mapikicha mhuri

A yakawanda migwagwa, zvikoro uye nemamwe masangano vanonzi pashure Chkalov. Ndiani aiva munhu uyu? Kupfuura zvakafanira ndangariro dzakadaro nezvake?

Nokuti vanhu vanenge zvishoma kujairana munhoroondo nyika yavo, Valery Chkalov - iri, pakutanga kwezvose, mukuru rikarira uyo akakwanisa kutakura mundege ndege yokutanga pamusoro North Pole, kwete yagara. Chakaitika kwakaitika kure 1937. The kosi raiiswa kubva kuMoscow (USSR) kuna Vancouver (United States).

udiki

Valery Chkalov akaberekwa musi 20.01.1904 mumusha mune iri Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda. Nhasi, musha apo mutyairi aberekwa, ndiro guta Chkalovsk. baba vake akashanda ari boilermaker mu ehurumende anazvo muzvitoro. About amai anoziva zvishomanana, iye akafa paaiva nemakore matanhatu.

Ndava nemakore manomwe, Valery akatanga kudzidza kuchikoro chepuraimari, pashure chikoro akaenda waishandiswa chikoro kuti ikozvino unobereka zita rake. Akamutumirawo kudzidza baba vake muna 1916. Pashure pemakore maviri kudzidza, aifanira kudzokera kumba nokuti chikoro yakavharwa.

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Valery akava mudzidziri webasa baba vake. Akashanda somutariri mupfuri panguva echoto, uye gare gare - somunhu stoker pamusoro dredge. Panguva iyoyowo vachishingaira kutanga navigation, izvo akakwezva jaya mikana yake.

Start basa

Chisarudzo vachinje mabasa Valeriy Chkalov akatora pashure 1919 vakaona ndege kokutanga. Uye akaenda kushumira Red Army ndege fitter. Its ndege zvikepe raiva Nizhny Novgorod.

The Jaya aida kutanga zvakare, saka muna 1921, wakaita mirayiridzo uye akanyoresa kudzidza paChikoro School of Air Force nemauto-yokungotaura mirayiridzo (Egorov). Pashure wake kudzidza muna 1922 akaenda yemauto vezvikepe chikoro (Sts). Naiyewo akanga tsika pachikoro kuti aerobatics (Moscow), kupfura chikoro, uye mhepo rwisana (Serpukhov).

Pakazosvika 1924, mufambisi wengarava Valery Chkalov akanga vakabvuma kuti dzechikwata zita Nesterov. Ndiye saka aifarira ndege, riri chaizvo kazhinji kuratidza kunyanya noushingi uye ushingi. Nokuti kunyanya ngozi chinowanzoonekwa ambomiswa dzichibhururuka.

Uyezve, jaya vaiva nedambudziko chirango uye pasi. Muna 1925, gore rake rimwe mujeri kubudikidza remauto kuti akadhakwa vechikwata ichi vakaita mhirizhonga. Gare gare izwi akanga aderedzwa mwedzi mitanhatu. Zvinosuruvarisa, ruzivo urwu haana kupiwa nemigumisiro yakanaka, uye makore matatu gare gare, muna 1928, rimwe uto dare kamwe zvakare mhosva mutyairi. Panguva ino mudenga foolhardiness uye kudzokororwa zvakaputsika chirango akatongerwa gore rimwe mujeri. Uyewo, akanga vanogumurwa kubva Red Army.

Pamusana tarenda rake nokuti pakarepo akatanga kushandisa Alksnis uye Voroshilov, uyo vakakwanisa mwedzi kutsiva mutongo iri Zvimiso. Mutyairi akava murayiridzi uye musoro chikoro giraidha

Test mutyairi wendege

By November 1930, Valery Chkalov akadzorerwa kuti chinzvimbo, akatumirwa kuna Air Force iwayo muMoscow. Pashure pemakore maviri, akakwanisa kuita zvinopfuura mazana masere bvunzo Flights, kuti tenzi Nzira kuti piloting matatu mhando ndege.

Kubvira muna 1933, Valeriya Chkalova upenyu akachinja zvakare - akatamisirwako kuedza vezvikepe imwe ndege mufekitari muMoscow. Pano iye akasangana siyana evadzimi uye Ndege. Haana kusiya, uye foolhardiness mhepo, wakati pakugona mufananidzo ndichifumira kokusikuruu uye anononoka ngoma.

Muna 1935 akanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Lenin, pamwe mugadziri Nikolai Polikarpov nokuda pakusikwa yakanakisisa varwi. Rakanga inonyanya hurumende Award.

Flight kubva kuMoscow kusvika East Far

Ndege aifanira kuratidza yaibvira dzichiri avhiyesheni. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich, akatungamirira vashandi vake vakatanga 07.20.1936. Ndege rwakatora maawa makumi mashanu nevatanhatu ndirovedze, kusvikira akanga pachitsuwa Udd (Gungwa Okhotsk). Panguva ino, yava kwakakurirwa vanopfuura zviuru mapfumbamwe makiromita. Pane pachitsuwa, muchikepe ndege akarova rakanyorwa "Stalin kuti nzira." Icharamba kusvikira raitevera kutiza, iyo vakawanda kurota Chkalov, zvinoti kubva Soviet Union kuUnited States vachishandisa North Pole.

Nokuti rakabudirira ndege vashandi vemo akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union uye sezvairayirwa Lenin. Chkalov Valeriy Pavlovich chaipiwa ane private ndege, iyo hwaponeswa nanhasi uye kunochengetwa Chkalovsk ari Museum.

Kukosha rwendo iyi pachena chokwadi kuti Stalin akanga pachake akasangana vashandi musi Shchelkovo Banga muna August 1936. Pashure paizvozvo Valery Pavlovich akagamuchira munyika pamutemo yose Union.

The kutiza kubva Soviet Union muna US

The vashandi pakutanga vaida kuti kutiza kubva USSR kuUnited States nomukombiyuta North Pole, asi kuti mvumo kuita kudaro kwakanga kusiri pakarepo pachena. Stalin aisada kudzokorora ndakundikana rakawira Levanevskogo muzhizha ra1935. Asi pashure abudirire rwendo kuFar East mvumo akapiwa.

Ndege akatanga 06.18.1937, uye mazuva maviri gare gare yacho muna Vancouver (USA). Conditions yokutizira vakanga kwakaoma kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Izvi zvakakonzerwa murombo maonero, kana panzvimbo yayo kusavapo, uye icing at. Vashandi akakunda hafu zviuru zvisere makiromita uye paakavapa sezvairayirwa Red Banner.

Valery Chkalov, mapikicha dzinoturwa munyaya, ndakakwanisa kuita zvirongwa zvavo. Pasinei nokuti akasarudzwa, uye Stalin akamupa pambiru NKVD, haana kurega kuita ndege nemiedzo, tichifunga izvozvo chavainyanya basa.

rufu

In yechando 1938, Valery Chkalov, ane Biography ari munyaya review, akanga kukurumidza kunzi shure kubva anosiya chokuita kuidzwa ari murwi itsva. Papera vhiki mbiri, mufambisi wengarava akaurayiwa (12.15.1938) panguva yokutanga kutiza.

Maererano huripo ruzivo, ndege rakagadzirirwa kukurumidza, nekuti vaida kuti nguva yokuita zvose pakupera kwegore pamberi. Kana vakaungana, ndege akawanikwa anenge mazana maviri kuremara. Polikarpov rwairwa zvisina kufanira vakakurumidza. Nokuti ichi akanga ambomiswa basa. Miedzo rwaiitwa pasi kutanga, zvino pasina kumhara giya. Zvakanga pakupedzisira kupiwa vanoenda-mberi kuti kutiza, asi chete kuti ane mumhu zviuru zvinomwe metres pamwe kumhara giya retracted. Pashure paizvozvo, pasi bvunzo motokari aifanira kuenda kune mutyairi wendege.

Pazuva rebvunzo yacho tembiricha akanga kubvisa makumi maviri namashanu Celsius, asi akasarudza kubhururuka Chkalov. Kana achiwana injini amira. Mutyairi vakaedza kugara, asi ndege ukabatwa pamusoro waya padanda. Chinokonzera rufu rwakanga kukuvara nokuda kurova musoro wake uri simbi armature. Zvadaro mutyairi akararama kupfuura maawa maviri. Akafa munzira kuenda kuchipatara. Munguva iyi mukadzi wake akanga akatakura wavo wechitatu mwana mwoyo. Akashuma chiitiko chete mukupera manheru.

Chkalov akavigwa muMoscow, urn yakaiswa Kremlin parusvingo. Vamwe mamaneja fekitari vakanga munyaya kumhanyira kutongwa, vakatongerwa mujeri kwenguva refu.

Family nevana

Nomudzimai wake, Valery Chkalov, ane Biography - nyaya wedu review, akasangana mumakore ake ouduku. Muna 1927 vakaroorana uye nokukurumidza akamuka mwana wokutanga. Olga akanga Erazmovna Nee Walnut, aishanda somudzidzisi.

Valeriya Chkalova mukadzi akapona naye-mashanu nezvipfumbamwe makore. Iye akanyora nhamba mabasa uye ndangariro wake. Olga akararama Erazmovna mapfumbamwe nematanhatu okuberekwa, akaroora haana kubuda.

In muchato, vaiva nevana vatatu,

• Igor (1928-2006).
• Valery (1935-2013).
• Olga (1939).

Mwanakomana mutyairi

Igor haana kuedza mutyairi wendege baba. Asi upenyu hwake chokuita ndege - aiva injiniya Air Force. Naiyewo kwakazadziswa Fund pamusoro miziyamu yakatsaurirwa kuna baba vake Chkalovsk. Vakawanda vaifarira yekutaura, iye sei akafa Valery Chkalov. Izvi mwanakomana akapindura kuti baba vake akabvisa nokuti kuti aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira Stalin. Kuvigwa mwanakomana yakakurumbira aviator muna Novodevichy kumakuva.

Mwanasikana pababa vake

Mwanakomana Valery Pavlovich akanga anenge gumi nemakore kana nenjodzi yakaitika. Akayeuka baba vake ari oga zvokuyeuka, kunyange nendege naye mundege. Vanasikana vasina ndangariro dzakadaro. Valeria aiva nemakore matatu bedzi, uye Olga akaberekwa chete pashure pokufa kwababa vake.

Panyaya iyi, vose vana Valeriya Chkalova ndakachengeta ndangariro kwayo. About Pakafa baba vake muna kubvunzurudzwa mwanasikana Olga vakanamatira shanduro zvose zvakaitika nokuda nhokwe uye kumhanya "nyoro" ndege. Valeria ari vakanamatira shanduro yakanga yabviswa nababa vake, nemaune nokuronga nemiedzo chakaremara ndege.

Muna 1938 aiva yepamusoro udzvanyiriri, kusanganisira avhiyesheni, saka hazvishamisi hanzvadzi havaoni kuti baba vavo aigona ikatunga basa vachiziva ngozi.

Kuyeukwa gamba

Valery Chkalov (Makore oupenyu - 1904-1938) akanga ari mumwe yakakurumbira vanhu Soviet Union. In rukudzo ake, akadana Metro yemapurisa, ari kupayona sangano, uto dzechikwata. zita rake ainzi rimwe muzvitsuwa yeGungwa Okhotsk, iyo akasvika vashandi panguva kutiza kubva Moscow kusvika East Far, uyewo zvomuchadenga nomuviri ezvinhu edu (nhamba 2692).

Zvinonzi mazita guta kwaakanga akaberekwa. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga musha Vasilevo. zita rake vari munzvimbo dzakawanda muna Russia, Ukraine, Tajikistan. Mumaguta siyana riri busts uye plaques, uyewo nharaunda, nzira, migwagwa uye zvikoro zita vanomutevera. Panguva iyoyo, akapa inoratidza, mari yakatsaurirwa kuna Chkalov.

Akabudiswa mumakore siyana, imwe biopic nezvoupenyu mutyairi. The zvemberi ndivo dzinoti "Chkalov" (2012) uye "Vanhu vakaita nyika kumativi" (2014).

Valery akararama chete makore makumi matatu nemana. Panguva ino akanga kudzidza ndege zvikoro zvakawanda, vakaita vaviri ndege yakaomesesa mhiri North Pole, akanga kaviri kugara mujeri kanoverengeka kunze kubva panhengo Red Army, zvichiteverwa rutapudzo. Iye nomudzimai wake vakava nevana vatatu, vakachengeta kuyeuka baba vake. Wife, chirikadzi akararama kwemakore anopfuura mashanu, uye hamuna kuroora refu, kuchengeta kuyeuka wake.

Nokuti vazhinji, wakanga uye anoramba gamba nguva yake. Izvi zvinoratidza yevanhu-evamwe zvose matarenda ake uye kusada kugara murugare, kufanana nevamwe vanhu vose. Upenyu hwake hupfupi, asi zvikuru, uye rufu - inosuruvarisa.