The ARP, RARP, IP, ICMP. Chii ARP dzakati inoshandiswa?

Kana muchina anokurukura nevamwe noenderana mudziyo upi iroro network, kubatana ichi chinoda mumuviri kana Mac-kero. Zvisinei, kushanda basa kukurukurirana, zvinoda kushandiswa chero mashandiro kugona rinobatanidza IP-kero pamwe Mac-kero.

mashandiro Izvi anoitwa uchishandisa kero chisarudzo dzakati (ARP). Pamusana kwavari, pane shanduro kuenda raiva pedyo nebundu IP-kero, iyo inozivisa panobva Mac-kero. Saka, ARP protocols zviite kutaurirana mano maviri kana vari panguva chokuita pemambure.

Ungazviita sei?

Izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva dzose muchina A anoda kutumira umboo omumasherufu kuti muchina B, A vanofanira kutuma ARP packet nokuda Mac-kero chikumbiro B. Zvisinei, izvi zvaizoita vaizongoguma kutungamirira kuwedzera mumidziyo mutoro uye motokari weighting.

Kuti kuderedza motokari uye mutengo samambure connectivity, kuti makombiyuta kuti kushandisa ARP-dzakati kutsigira Maive vachangobva kuwana IP_to_MAC kero Mapping, kuti, havafaniri kushandisa ARP zvakare.

Zvisinei, vamwe kunyatsotsanangura ARP zvichibvira: apo muchina A anoda kutumira mashoko kuti muchina B, zvinokwanisika kuti B iri kuzorega mhinduro Data A mune ramangwana. Saka, kudzivisa kushandiswa ARP nokuda muchina B, A vanofanira kuramba ayo chokuedza IP_to_MAC kero rinokosha pasuru nechikumbiro nokuda Mac-kero B. Sezvo A anotumira chikumbiro chacho kutanga kune Mac-kero B, ose muchina pamusoro pemambure anofanira kubviswa uye zvakachengetwa ari ayo cache kero IP_to_MAC.

Kana mudziyo uri pemambure (somuenzaniso, kana uchishandisa gadziriro rebooted), zvinogona kutepfenyurwa kero tichisunga kuitira kuti vamwe michina zvose anogona kunze muzviruva zvawo. Izvi hazvizorambi kushandiswazve ARP protocols kuti dzaida ruzadzike kana unobatanidza mamwe matsva namano.

Example ratidza kushandisa Address Resolution Protocol

Unogona kufunga Muchiitiko apo kombiyuta anoedza kubatanidza vamwe kure mano, uye chero rapfuura IP Exchange pakati pavo hakuna kuitwa. Zvinofanira saka kushandiswa ARP-dzakati - kuona Mac-Kero kure muchina.

ARP chikumbiro shoko (rinobuda kubva AAAA IP-kero kuna BBBB) iri kutepfenyura pamusoro Lan kuti mhando Ethernet Protocol. ARP protocols dzinobva michina zvose kunze kubaya, iro anotungamira chikumbiro norudaviro shoko. mhinduro ino ine IP-kero BBBB, kureva Ethernet mabviro Hardware kero, ipapo kubatana chichasimbiswa pakati namano.

ARP dzakati uye chinangwa chawo - mhedziso

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva tsananguro kumusoro, Address Resolution Protocol rinoshandiswa kuti akamumutsira kudyidzana pakati siyana mano mu pemambure. Nemamwe mashoko, zvinhu izvi zvakagadzirwa nounyanzvi, pasina izvo chakaipa kubatana hazvibviri. Asi kana ARP oparesheni zvinogoneka pasina mumwe rezvebonde parameters? Chokwadi zvinogoneka. Naizvozvo, unofanira kufunga dzimwe protocols, zvinoita basa rinokosha.

neizvi kero chisarudzo dzakati

RARP ari dzakati naro kwomuviri kombiyuta iri yomunharaunda rezvebonde kukumbira kuna IP-kero kubva Address Resolution Protocol tafura kana suo cache Server. mutarisiri samambure pave tafura pasuo kana router Lan, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kero zvokunyama muchina (kana kero nhau kuwana kuzvidzora - Mac) hama kuna runoenzanirana Protocol. Kana zano itsva zvakabatana pomumbure, ayo RARP-yeGmail.END_STRONG akazokumbirawo kuti Server kutumira ayo IP-kero. Vachifunga kuti zvinyorwa akasikwa patafura router, RARP Server akadzorera IP-kero gadzirirwa kuti kuchengeta kuti kushandiswa pave paya. Saka, kero chisarudzo dzakati ARP ichi- chokuita RARP.

The hwakadzama mashandiro

Uye muchina kuti anozivisa chikumbiro uye Server, izvo anoti kwairi - vose vanoshandisa zvinhu rezvebonde kero panguva pachirongwa. Sezvo kutonga, requester vasingatongozivi kero chaiko. Saka chikumbiro kutepfenyurwa kune michina zvose pamusoro pemambure. Zvadaro, vachikumbira bato vanofanira vazivikanwe chokuita Server. Nokuti CPU Serial nhamba inogona kushandiswa kana kero pemambure michina chaiko. Kushandiswa kero chaiko sezvo ariye identifier ane mbiri zvakanakira.

kero ava nguva iripo uye hakufaniri chokuita kuti shangu remitemo.
Sezvo nezvezviratidzo mashoko anoenderana pomumbure, pane kubva CPU mutengesi, motokari dzose achava yakasiyana identifiers pamusoro pemambure.

Action RARP Time

Sezvo RARP anoshandisa mumuviri rezvebonde zvakananga, hapana mumwe Software dzakati haangaiti kupindura chikumbiro kana kuti ataure izvozvo. Software RARP anofanira nomumwe kusangana nematambudziko aya. Vamwe nhepfenyuro kuti kuvimba RARP kukopa, anogona anoramba retry nokusingaperi kusvikira kugamuchira mhinduro. Other implementations vane kukundikana pashure kuedza akawanda, kudzivisa overloading nemambure pamwe zvisingakoshi dzeredhiyo.

IP dzakati / ICMP / ARP

ICMP dzakati anosunga mashandiro, pakashama, uye wehondo zvinoshandiswa kutarisira kubatana, kana kuti mukagamuchira kukanganisa mushumo. Internet Protocol inopa chiratidzo richibva suo kuti Gateway kusvikira zvasvika pfungwa kuti tinogona kuiparidzira zvakananga kwavaiendeswa. Kana suo havagoni kutumira kana kurwira data, kana anoona kujairika ezvinhu sezvo Network kuzara, inofanira kuratidza shoko nezvazvo kutora matanho okudzivisa kana kugadzirisa dambudziko.

Internet Protocol Control Messages (ICMP) anobvumira pakashama zvinoparadzira kukanganisa kana kudzora mashoko kune dzimwe pakashama kana wehondo. Saka, ICMP anopa kutaurirana pakati Internet protocols pamusoro zvose zvakabatana makombiyuta.

Izvi mashandiro inokosha rakawedzerwa kuti Developers kuwedzera TCP / IP-protocols. Kunoitawo kuti kushandisa Internet pakuyera kushuma zvikanganiso, kana kupa ruzivo pamusoro zvashata. Roga, iro IP-dzakati harina chinhu chinogona kubatsira iratidzwe ukama yatumira kana mhosva.

TCP / IP protocols

TCP / IP-protocols zvinopa zvokushandisa angabatsira zvakarukwa vakuru vanoishandisa kuziva matambudziko Network. Mumwe anowanzodanwa kushandiswa debugging Ezvemutauro ndiye ICMP chikumbiro uye anogamuchira mhinduro shoko. Panguva iyoyowo, hondo kana suo anotumira ungira chikumbiro ICMP shoko yamunenge kero. Chero muchina anogamuchira ungira chikumbiro, formulates mhinduro uye anodzoka chepakutanga yatumira. Panyaya iyi, mhinduro ine kopi Data akatuma chikumbiro uye akabatanidza apindure.

dzakati Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa kuongorora kuti kuenda uye kana kuonana naye iripo. Uyewo, ARP protocols - ndiwo ari Hardware rinoshandiswa kuwedzera TCP / IP uye zvakakodzera kuti zvakakodzera kutaurirana pakati mano mu pemambure.