"Soyuz" chitundumuseremusere. Kanda chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz"

Kokutanga imwe chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz" aigarira chitundumusere-musere kwakatangwa 04/23/1968 yakanga piloted nokuda kwayo mutyairi-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Mumazana ose ndege rinozivisa kusakwana zhinji marongerwo. A zuva mushure pakuparurwa chikepe vakaramba kununura hurongwa apo vachimhanya Unit kubva muchadenga. Muchikepe asitironati mukati pasi. With yakadaro tsaona chiitiko vakatanga nzira yacho chitundumusere-musere, iyo akazova-refu pfupi nzvimbo. Nyaya nezvokuti mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz".

History chokusika

"Union" riri-padanho matatu kanda motokari (lv). Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kumhanya pamusoro Pasi muchadenga aigarira chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz", zvoga dzakabatana "Space".

Muitiro asika 20.05.1954, nechisarudzo kuva intercontinental ballistic chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Vatungamiriri kukura kwacho vaiva D. I. Kozlov uye S. P. Korolev. Hwaro nokuti chitundumuseremusere mutsva akanga "Sunrise" uye "R-7a". Construction rakatanga muna 1953.

Nokuti kuidzwa maitiro ose pakuvaka bvunzo yacho yakatanga muna 1955. Kwakasarudzwa kuti asike muna Kazakhstan panguva kuchiteshi Tyr-Tam. Nhasi, inozivikanwa vose vari Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Chete pashure anobudirira kusikwa? Lv "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev akatanga kukura ane zvachose itsva achitungamirirwa nzvimbo kudziongorora. Akatanga nekukudziridza aigarira chitundumusere-musere (SC) pamwe orbital module mundege. Kumhanya PC aiva chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz".

Isu takasikwa pahwaro Rn kwayo "Sunrise". A chinokosha mazuvaano aiva pasi chidhina kwechikuva rechitatu. Zvinokwanisika kuwedzera simba zvechadenga mudziyo.

patani

The chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz" sezviri pachena ane zvakasiyana zviri marongerwo. Zvinonzi nyore kuona mana divi kutigumbura conical chimiro, iri rokutanga pachikuva.

Kureba kunobva mhando PC, asi haina kusapfuudza mufananidzo 50,67 mamita. Kutanga vakawanda vanofanira kuva matani asingasviki 308 ane zvachose kurema mafuta mairi 274 matani.

Chikamu zvikamu:

• Level 1 ine boosters mana;
• 2nd - This chikwata nechepakati "A";
• 3rd - chidhina "B";
• chimbichimbi kununura hurongwa;
• payload adhaputa;
• nosecone.

Space chitundumuseremusere "Union" anokwanisa vomurova nhumbi matani 7.1.

mafuta

In zvose zvinhanho zvitatu chitundumuseremusere vaishandisa chete mafuta. Ivo makabuda jeti eparafini T-1. The oxidizing mumiririri ndiyo mvura okisijeni. Hazvisi chepfu, asi yakakwirira moto njodzi uye putika.

Nokuti mudzimu ebetsero gadziriro chakasimudzira midziyo kuduku uwandu emura senitrogen, hydrogen peroxide.

okunatsiridza Rn

The chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz" abereka ayo dzimwe okunatsiridza:

• "Union-L" - nokuti kuedza water lunar. It anotangazve yaiitwa kubva Baikonur Cosmodrome muna 1970-1971 gg.
• "Soyuz-M" - vose chinonyengera yaiitwa kubva Plesetsk Cosmodrome muna 1971-1976 gg. Kokutanga achibatsirwa vakauya muchikepe muchadenga, uye akatanga kushandiswa kumhanya razvedsputnikov pamusoro-soro "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - zvichiitirwa votanga muchadenga ive muzvizhinji kuti chitundumusere-musere (aigarira nhumbi). Zvakasiyana inokosha magadzirirwo injini zvikuru simba wa1 uye 2nd matanho. Maererano nguva ano zvakaita anenge 770 chinonyengera.
• "Soyuz-2" - mhando nadzurudzo of W. The chirongwa unonzi "Rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - yakavambwa pahwaro mhando 2. Rinopa yezvokutengeserana chinonyengera kubva Kourou.

History chinonyengera

Kubva 1966 kusvika 1976 yakabereka 32 kanda, izvo 30 vakanga vakabudirira. First chitundumuseremusere kwakatangwa 11.28.1966, somugumisiro iyo kwekukumikidzwa muchadenga ive unmanned chikepe. Last nguva imwe chitundumuseremusere "Soyuz", iro akapa mapikicha, akabhururuka 14.10.1976 gore, kutamira chikepe chokufambisa kupinda muchadenga.

chinonyengera zvose zvakaitwa kubva Baikonur. Nokuti chinangwa ichi №1 vomurova Mapedhi, №31.

The kanda "Union" aizivikanwa njodzi mbiri, yokutanga yakaitika musi 14.12.1966 gore. The matambudziko akatanga kugadzirira kushanda, kana kudivi hadzisisina haana akaparirwa pyro. Equipment rapera, iro chitundumuseremusere akaramba akamira. Kusvikira dzakadaro mafuta, akaparirwa nechimbichimbi kununura hurongwa, iyo nguva yose iyi yave ichishanda uye vakatarisa chikepe nemamiriro. Chikonzero nechekuita mukugarisana wegadziriro ndechokuti Pasi zvachinja pamwe kutenderera yorusvingo, uye nacho, yakanga yatsiviwa chitundumuseremusere. The vashandi panguva ino vamire pajinga yacho Rn.

Sezvo chikamu chitundumuseremusere, vamwe pasi, akabatwa moto coolant. Izvi zvakaita kuti tevera kuputika. Vanhu Vazhinji vakakwanisa kuenda kundima. Akafa pakarepo Korostylev Major, uyo akavanda seri korusvingo ikavhunga neutsi. Pazuva rechipiri, kuuraya mauto maviri.

The tsaona rechipiri kwakaitika 04.05.1975 gore. On bhodhi aiva PC VG Lazarev naOgi Makarov. Vakaita wechipiri nzvimbo kutiza. Matambudziko kwakatanga maberekero PC kupinda muchadenga, kushandisa michina akaita zvashata dhipatimendi. Kana iri basa kukwirira 150 makiromita.

The chikepe kwakanga parutivi pegomo pedyo neguta Gorno-Altaisk. Akakungurusira pasi gomo uye akabata chishamiso muti kuti akakura panguva nomuromo pamawere. The muchadenga kunoongorora akapukunyuka nemhaka yokuti kupfura haana kuita parachuti. Anobviswa muchadenga kunoongorora neherikoputa. Dzavo ndege yakatora maminitsi 21 27 seconds.