Chigadziro chepurogiramu, sezvo inoshanda

Munyika yemazuva ano yekombiyuta yekombiyuta, purojekiti ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha. Pakati purogiramu iyi inyanzvi yepamusoro-soro uye yakaoma zvikuru iyo inosanganisira zvose zvinobudirira zvinowanikwa mumunda wekombiyuta yekombiyuta, uye munzvimbo dziri pedo naro.

Zviri nyore kuti purogiramu inoratidzika seyiyi:

Nheyo yacho inokosha (imwe kana kupfuura). Ivo vane basa rekuita zvose mirayiridzo yakavimbika;

Pane huwandu huwandu hwekuchengetedza memori (kazhinji maviri kana matatu), nekuda kwekuti kushandura-RAM kunotsvaga;

Controller RAM;

Izwi rinotungamirira bhasi (QPI, HT, DMI, nezvimwe);

Iyo inogadziridza chipiniti chipikicha inoratidzirwa nezvirevo zvinotevera:

Rudzi rwe microarchitecture;

Clock frequency ;

Cache memory levels;

Nhamba ye cache memori;

Tora uye kasi yebhasi yebhasi;

Ukuru hwemashoko ari kushandiswa;

Yakagadzirwa-in memory controller (inogona kunge isina);

Rudzi rwekusimbiswa RAM;

Nhamba yekero memori;

Kuvapo kwekwakagadzirwa mu-chip chip (kubatana kwekadhi yemafadhi hakusiwo kazhinji nhasi uye kunoita zvakanyanya sekuwedzera kune makasimba akawanda, makadhi akajeka, kunyange zvazvo chigamba ichibvumira mushanduri kushandisa zvinyorwa zvine simba zvakanyatsogadziriswa);

Kuwanda kwemagetsi kunopedzwa.

Processor uye maitiro ayo

Nheyo yepurotara ndiyo chaiyo mwoyo wayo, iyo ine maitiro anoshanda anoita zvinonzwisisika uye arithmetic mabasa. Nyoka dzinoshanda seinotevera:

Iko sampuli fomu inotarirwa kuti inopesana. Sezvo vakawana kukanganisa kwakadaro, vanoiswa pamatanda. Mutero wemirairo unogamuchira kero neyo murairo wekupedza kushandura. Apo basa rekupindira rakapedzwa, deta iri pamusoro pemiti yakadzorerwa. Zvadaro, kero yekurayiridza murayiridzo inowanikwa kubva pane samping block. Nokudaro, kuverenga kubva pa RAM kana mhemberero yekudzivirira inoitika, mushure mokunge data inotumirwa kumuniti wedoding. Iye zvino pane chirevo chemashoko akapiwa, mushure mokunge data inoshandiswa kune sampling block. Iko, iyo data inoverengwa ne RAM kana mhemberero yekuchengetedza uye inoparidzirwa kune scheduler, iyo inogadzirirwa iyo inodzivisa kushanda kunofanira kuitwa, mushure mokunge data inosvika chaizvo ipapo. Mutungamiri weiyo mirayiridzo inoita mirairo yakagamuchirwa uye inotuma mugumisiro kubiti rekuchengetedza mhinduro.

Mhepo yakadaro inonzi chirongwa, uye sequentially executed mirairo chirongwa. Nhanho iyo imwe nzvimbo inotenderera inoenda kune imwe, inofanana nehuwandu hwemaawa, uye kwenguva yakatarwa yekushanda kwechikamu chemukati, chigadziro chaicho chekugadzirisa, kana kuti panzvimbo yacho chinonyanya, chinotarisirwa.

Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzaunokwanisa kuvandudza kushanda kwepurogiramu. Kuti uite izvi, simudza nguva yakawanda, iyo ine zvimwe zvisingakwanisi. Nokuwedzera maawa, iwe unowedzera kuwedzera simba rekushandisa uye, semugumisiro, kutonhora, uye izvi zvinotungamirira kuderera kwehutano hwakakwana hwepurogiramu yedhizha.

Kuti varege kudiwa kwekuwedzera huwandu hwemaawa, vashandi vakasarudza kuenda kune imwe nzira, vachiuya nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa. Chimwe chezvigadzirisa izvi ndechepipelining, icho chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti murayiridzo wega wega unoitwa nemushanduri unofamba imwe neyese kune zvigaro zve kernel, apo zvimwe zvezviito zvinoitwa. Nokudaro, kana chirevo chimwe chete chikaitwa, zvizhinji zvezvibato zvichava mumutambo usina basa. Nokudaro, mapurogiramu ese emazuva ano anoshanda seizvi: mushure mekuita imwe chirwere, vanobva vangoenda pane imwe, vachideredza nguva isina chazvinobatsira kusvika zvishoma uye kuwedzera kubudirira kubudikidza nepamunogona napo. Zvechokwadi, zvakanaka, zvinoratidzika sekuti chipikisi chepurosesa chinoshanda nguva dzose ne 100% yakakwana, asi izvi hazviitiki nokuti mirairo inouya haina kukwana.