Chakagadzirwa nyama. Zvokudya sepombi. Ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai nyama

Achangopedza aiva vanhu kumboona kuti chaiyo nzvimbo zvokudya sepombi - hope mwana wose anoda kuva asitironati, masayendisiti kwakakatyamadza nhau itsva: Nokukurumidza nyika hakuzovi miriwo. With matsva zviitiko zvikuru pfungwa, nokukurumidza hatizofaniri kuuraya mhuka nokuda nhindi yenyama, nyika isina nenzara. Nepo chakagadzirwa nyama iri kukura bvunzo sepombi, unogona kuedza kuti zvokudya muchadenga kunoongorora, chakatengeswa akawanda muzvitoro. Nhoroondo emunhu - zvokudya sepombi uye nyama dzabudapo nemuedzo chubhu, ichakurukurwa yanhasi nyaya.

Evolution of chubhu

Nhasi, nzvimbo zvokudya chokuita kumicheto, nembudzana zhinji, kudzvinya mushonga wemazino ari mumakwenzi, pachavo kupa vakundi risingaperi nzvimbo yakapoteredza mapuraneti. Inogona kutengwa sepombi muto kana chikuru dhishi kuti manheru kuti mhuri kuronga nzvimbo Themed chirariro, asi muchadenga kunoongorora chaiko kutokanganwa pamusoro aruminiyamu sepombi, uye ikozvino kudya dzaizara ari Vacuum, "ndiro" magaba.

Zvibereko zvokutanga kuchengeta zvokudya yagadzirwa muEstonia, apo kubvira 1964 hositesi ose aigona kutenga bheri mondo mu pasuru iyi, asi imwe mhuri ine kurerukirwa zvikuru ndokukuvadza mumwe vaitire mumwe mupumburu. Zvakaitika kuti mitemo yakabereka zvibereko Baltic makemikari fekitari zvizere zvaidiwa kwete chete nyika iri tsika, asi nzvimbo. Ndokusaka Estonia rava kupfuura Muvaki, uchibereka kavha zvokudya nzvimbo vatsvakurudzi.

Too rakamanikana pamitsipa chubhu chaitadzisa muchadenga kunoongorora kusununguka kudya sezvo zvokudya zvidimbu inongova mairi akavanamatira, uye Tiraspol chirimwa muna 1970 akakwanisa "chinja" mutsipa kuti yamunenge saizi, kuvakoka kuti 2 millimeters, waiva zvakakwana kuti muchadenga zvokudya aigona kuti kuva akafanana musha, pamwechete nenhindi nyama uye miriwo.

Muna 1982, masayendisiti zvakare akachinjwa zvishoma kavha kuti muchadenga chikafu. Sublimation zvigadzirwa vakatanga kuiswa chaiyo muhomwe, izvo asati kushandisa kudira mvura inopisa ushamwari zvokudya yaita.

Sei ari muchadenga haagoni kudya hamburgers?

Vanhu vokutanga vaiedza kudya muchadenga zvakasiyana pane vamiririri dzimwe nyika, vava muchadenga kunoongorora vokuUnited States. Pakutanga, zvokudya wakatangwa yaoma zvigadzirwa, izvo vakazadzwa mvura pamberi kushandiswa. simba kwakadaro hakuiti zvienderane wose, uye vakundi nzvimbo chinyararire kuverevedza akwira hwandaiva kudya. risingakanganwiki saka vazhinji chiitiko kwakaitika pamwe asitironati John Young yakatsvairwa akwira sangweji chaiyo. The mamiriro ezvinhu weightlessness kudya dhishi ndakadzidzawo kuva zvisingabviri, bun akapararira mafufu duku zvose pamusoro muchikepe, uye nomunyika yose mberi ndege rakarira upenyu yachinja kuva rwaityisa.

Pakazosvika eighties zvokudya sepombi yakava chete nzira yokuti muviri kuti muchadenga kunoongorora uye Muterere wavo aiva ndiro anopfuura mazana matatu akasiyana. Nhasi, hazvina kufanana zvakadzama, nhamba vakabayira ndiro wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika kaviri.

nhasi chii vanopiwa cosmonauts Russian?

Mazuvano, zvokudya sepombi akarasika kushanda kwayo anenge zvachose. Ndiro vari kugara munzvimbo chaiyo Vacuum kavha, uye zvokudya pamberi achizadza pemipata gwamba nokuomesa. Zvazvakadaro, nyore kuchengeta zvose muviri inoda mamineral mavhitamini, dzichangobva akagadzira zvokudya kuravira, ayo yepakutanga pakuonekwa, uye zvinogadzirwa zvakadai zvinochengeterwa chero tembiricha kusvika makore mashanu. Zvokudya wokuRussia nzvimbo vatsvakurudzi pane muto, howa muto, halophyte, mupunga pamwechete steamed miriwo, Greek Salad uye Salad manyoro bhinzi, nyama rurimi, huku, nyama uye nyama yenguruve, steaks, scrambled mazai chicken chiropa, chingwa, vasingakwanisi chiwondomoke, chizi uye nezvimwe zvokudya zvizhinji. Zviya, koteji chizi vasayendisiti Russian chete vakakwanisa kuchinja kune refu garei muchadenga, uye chigadzirwa ichi, muchadenga kunoongorora edu vanofara kuudza zvavo dzimwe dzomuzana.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mamiriro zvokudya zvezuva rimwe cosmonaut kunodyira zviuru 20 rubles. mutengo Izvi hazvirevi kuvimba chigadzirwa uye kavha michina, kwemitengo yezvokudya unoruramisa chokuendesa zvinhu mungarava, izvo mutengo 7000 madhora por kilogram.

Powered American muchadenga kunoongorora

Kusiyana muchadenga kunoongorora Russian, mungarava iyo havana microwave yamavira uye sefiriji, vekuAmerica anogona pamusoro anodiwa michina yakadaro. Nokuda kwaizvozvi zvokudya zvavo zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanogona kudaro semis. Vamwe ndiro akafanana, uyewo vokuRussia, American vashandi kudya zvokudya Ndinoda-akaomeswa. The specificity simba US muchadenga kunoongorora vazhinji maranjisi, pane imwe nguva apo vakomana vedu vanoda mazambiringa uye maapuro.

dzimwe nyika

Japanese uye nzvimbo haagoni kuita pasina chinyakare Sushi, siyana mamakisi yakasvibirira tii, muto pamwe noodles uye Sou mumuto.

Chinese muchadenga kunoongorora udye zvakawanda pedyo dzedu dzose chikafu. Hwaro hwavo zvinodyiwa mupunga, nyama yenguruve, uye huku.

Chinonyanya zvekumwe madhishi anozvikudza French. Vanongogara mungarava howa truffles, chizi. Mune imwe nyaya, asitironati French akaramba vakapinda muchikepe chizi pamwe chakuvhuvhu. Masayendisiti vanotya kuti chakuvhe ichi kunogona kukanganisa yose chaivo ezvinhu ari nzvimbo chechitima.

nzvimbo yemberi chakagadzirwa nyama

Ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai nyama, ndorwangu muriwo uye muchero akura mumunda uri spaceship - zviri remangwana nzvimbo kudziongorora. Masayendisiti kwemakore akawanda achishanda kusika chikepe anogona muchadenga kunoongorora kuna Mars, enda refu nzira makore mashoma pakureba.

Asi chikepe harisi chete dambudziko, vatsvakurudzi vari kushanda pakusikwa mumunda, apo muchadenga kunoongorora vachakwanisa kukura miriwo. Kwemakore anoverengeka, pane nemiedzo yaikura chakagadzirwa nyama iyo muchadenga kunoongorora kuchavawo anokwanisa kukura kwavo, saka zvokudya zvakanga zvizere. Hazvina chigadzirwa ichi chichava ramangwana kwete chete nzvimbo indasitiri, asi vanhu vose.

Meatless Meat

Masayendisiti akadzidza sei kuti kusika chakagadzirwa nyama, uye nhau iyi vanhu vakawanda zvakafadza. Tiri pachisikirwo zvikara, uye muviri kwomuzvarirwo kushanda chete vanoda nyama, rine nefuma. Vanhu vakawanda vava miriwo nokuda rukuru mhuka, vamwe pamusana pokurwara, tisingaregi kudya zvokudya, nepo vamwe havangagoni mari kudya nyama ndiro rimwe zuva, sezvo bhajeti iri diki.

matambudziko ose aya zvave kugadziriswa, uye nokukurumidza vose panyika ichava nyama-inodya, nekuti kana mukugadzira chigadzirwa, hapana mhuka achatambura, achava zvachose chisingakuvadzi, sezvo kana akura nyama vari kufungwa zvachose vose pfungwa ari bvunzo chubhu.

Ndiani anochida?

Vamwe muchakumbira: "Nei dambudziko zvose izvi Grew munhoroondo idzi ichinguruma ichiti giriri, lowing uye clucking, wadii kuramba?". The ndechokuti vanhu ari kukura pamwe rinoshamisa akurumidze, nyama yose chete munguva pfupi hazvikwani, uye mune dzimwe nyika, vanhu vane chaizvo nzara, sezvo chigadzirwa ichi - zvinodhura.

Kuwedzera pakurwisa nzara hakuzovi dambudziko zvinosanganisira slaughterhouses, izvo chivhiringidze kwomuzvarirwo hope usiku kuti vanotsigira mhuka. Hapana yakanaka zvisikwa vasisiri kupa upenyu hwavo kuti zvokudya munhu.

Kunze mhuka, kukura chakagadzirwa nyama achaponesa hectares dzakawanda munyika dzichashandiswa kuvaka dzimba vanhu, pane mapurazi. Uyewo, tichakwanisa kuponesa mhoteredzo, kudziya kwepasi iri kurehwa kuti yava nguva yokuti kuderedza kudya pane zvinokuvadza mumhepo. Chakagadzirwa nyama unopisa 40% shoma simba pa 98% shoma nyika zvakakodzera kuti ayo kurimwa, 95% chichange dzinounzwa zvishoma girinihausi gasi uye methane, izvo zvinozoita kuti kudziya kwepasi, dzimwe nguva akaderedza kudyiwa mvura yakachena.

Kukura chakagadzirwa nyama muna 2050 ichange ichiwanikwa nokuda ose munhu, zvichava isingadhuri zvikuru pane ino, uye uwandu achagutsa nzara vanhu vose.

Nhoroondo kunambirwa nyama

Winston Churchill akati kuti rimwe zuva isu kuchawedzera huku kudya zuva nezuva chete mazamu, asi iye ari shiri chinopukunyuka, achipa kamwe masero shoma, izvo pachamera ari oga ezvinhu. Uprofita purezidhendi kukuru atanga kuzadziswa muna 2000, apo vatsvakurudzi vakapa migumisiro kuedza kwake, kukura chiduku nhindi yenyama kubva masero yatorwa Goldfish.

Muna 2001, NASA aifanira kufungisisa kudiwa muchadenga kunoongorora mu-refu uye samovozobnovlyaemom tsime chikafu, uye vakatanga kuedza richikura kuTurkey nyama.

Muna 2009, masayendisiti kubva Netherlands akati kuti vakakwanisa kukura chimedu nyama yenguruve. Zvavanokupai mubasa ravo kuti kuongorora zvose zvenyika vezvesayenzi, uye saka vakanga kuwana zvakawanda Sponsors achida mari kukura indasitiri ino.

Hamburger with chakagadzirwa nyama

A nhindi nyama yenguruve yakura masayendisiti ndicho kubudirira rokutanga kukura nyama bvunzo chubhu. Kwakasarudzwa kuramba kushanda ari kupiwa mirayiridzo uye mari haisi refu kuuya. vaipa Wealthy pasi pose vakatanga kushandisa kukura, uye pachavo kusarudza kugara mumimvuri, pasina kundizivisa mazita avo.

Scientist Mark Post akatora kurima nyama, uye akavimbisa kuti muna 2012 ichapa chimedu, iri zvakakwana kugadzirira hampurilainen. Chete kamwe akanyevera kuti mutengo chidimbu ichi richava denga-soro, uye kunaka uhwu kunogona hachibatsiri panguo nyama chaiyo, asi ichi ndicho chete mavambo!

Chakagadzirwa nyama hunde masero mhou aigona kukura anorema 140 magiramu kusvika 2013, uye kubva pairi, sezvakavimbiswa, wagadzirira nomufambi hampurilainen. Chete dhishi haana kuisa zvakanaka okisheni, uye zvokudya vakasununguka Hanni Ruttseru dietitian kuwana nyanzvi tinyatsonzwisisa rakapedzwa rokutanga chakagadzirwa nyama akakodzera rinodyiwa nevanhu.

The anoravira kwakaitika muLondon, uye "experimental" yezvokudya akanunura kwayo mutongo: zvakare akaoma zvisina mafuta nyama, asi zvikuru dzinodyiwa.

Masayendisiti akavimbisa kuti pasi ezvinhu akaramba mari pachamera manune, hombe nhindi yenyama munguva pfupi. Vakati vakakwanisa kuwana kubva mhaka kuoma, uye munoziva sei kugadzirisa dambudziko nani. Kana zvakanaka rinomutsa pakati zvakachengetwa pashure pemakore 20 vachava kutengeka uye wakanaka unhu chakagadzirwa nyama.

How kukura nyama bvunzo chubhu?

Kugadzirwa chakagadzirwa nyama chinhu kumbonyanya yakaoma kwacho. The mhuka hunde masero vanotorwa woiswa chaiyo mudziyo, apo ivo kuchawedzera. Masero nguva dzose anoda okisijeni, izvo chipenyu vari yaipiwa nemidziyo ropa. Pano midziyo yakatsiva bioreactors, umo inopfurwa chipanje chizvaro (ine kukura nyama vafumiswa pamwe okisijeni, kunobvisa tsvina).

Kune mhando mbiri chakagadzirwa nyama: vasina kusungwa tsandanyama rinenge tsandanyama zvizere. Above chechipiri musimboti ushande kuzviita masayendisiti. The kwacho omei sezvo zvakakodzera yakarurama paumbwe fibers, uye kudiwa kudzidzisa zuva nezuva nokuda mhasuro ichi! Ndicho chikonzero kukura achiri yakarebesa.

kuoma

Pakutanga kukudziridzwa nyama chichava kudhura, uye kwete kambani dzose angatsunga kutora sumo yake kuhondo pakati vanhu vaiziva zvigadzirwa.

Kungavawo nechinetso kuvimba murume ane chigadzirwa yakadaro. mibvunzo yakawanda vachava sei majini nadzurudzo huchachinja hutano muviri. Havasi vose achakwanisa kudya chakagadzirwa nyama, sezvo vachitya upfumi hwake, kunyange masayendisiti uye vanovimbisa kuti zvichava akachengeteka zvikuru kupfuura chipo.

Zvichatora nguva yakawanda yokuti vanhu vajaira utsanzi, saka indasitiri ino pachava zvishoma nezvishoma pane kutarisirwa.

Varimi vari kare kutanga kunetseka zvavo zvakanaka, nokuti vanotya kuti "nyama mbishi" richaguma kuti vade, uye ivo hazvishande.

Zvisinei, chero tariro zvichaitika, chakagadzirwa nyama - yedu yemberi uye ramangwana yose nyika. Tichatarisa mberi kana iwe unogona kunakidzwa hampurilainen, nokuti pagadzirwe zvakanga havadikanwi kuti kuuraya mhuka!