Hondo Tsushima 1905. Naval Battle mu Gungwa Japan. Tsushima Strait

Hondo Tsushima muna 1905 yeRussian Pacific rengarava kubva Japanese Imperial Navy akatambura unorema kukundwa. Somugumisiro, gungwa kurwa Russian dzechikwata vakakundwa uye rakaparadzwa. The chikuru Chikamu warships Russian yakanga torpedoed ne Japanese vezvikepe uye nemafashamo pamwe rikarira nhengo. Vamwe ngarava kuti zvakaziviswa vakande mapfumo pasi, ngarava mana chete vakadzokera pamhenderekedzo yake yaakaberekerwa chiteshi. hondo Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) kwakaguma chikuru uto kukundwa wokuRussia rengarava nemhenderekedzo Tsushima chitsuwa (Japan). Ndezvipi zvikonzero kukurirwa, uye paiva neimwe kuti vafe zviitiko?

The muchiuto uye enyika mamiriro ezvinhu kuFar East

hondo 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese yakatanga kudenha neJapan nezvikepe vaparadzi vachirwa pamusoro zvikepe Russian rimire mumigwagwa Port Arthur. maviri rinorema atirari motokari uye rimwe pamusoro mudziyo payakarovera kupfurikidza Avangard kurwisa. History of East Far ane zvizhinji uto chiito. Vose vakanga zvakagadzirirwa kubata uye apiwa weboka mabhora ose pesvedzero muchikamu ichi Russian nyika.

Japan Chido mambo kuchamhembe China uye muKorea nesimba rinotsigirwa Britain neUnited States of America. The shoma nevatsigiri Russian, akadai France, Germany uye vamwe, panyaya richengetedzwe ndima Russian akatsigira Russian Emperor Nicholas II zvakasimba. Zvisinei, mune yairwirwa nguva inokosha akaedza asi vachiramba vasina kwavakarerekera. Kurudzirai vatsigiri kwakaratidzwa chete kana inoenderana zvavo pfuma.

Strategic sarudzo

Ichi- vangatowedzera Japanese kurwisa Port Arthur, chikuru mujinga Russian Pacific Fleet, akamanikidza Mambo Nicholas II kuita matanho. The chakazoitwa muna July 1904. The kwakaderera zvePacific dzechikwata rokukunda uye kuparadza Japanese rengarava wakatumwa Kronstadt dzechikwata achitungamirirwa Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

Zviri munzira zvikepe reBaltic pavakaziva kuti Port Arthur achatorwa, uye zvikepe zvose zviri mumigwagwa nemafashamo. The Pacific rengarava raparadzwa. Iyi ndiyo nhoroondo negungwa Russian Far East ari. Zvisinei, Nicholas II anosarudza kuramba nzira youmambo rengarava kusvika pamhenderekedzo Japan. Kuitira kusimbisa kurwisa dzechikwata kubva paGungwa reBaltic rakatumirwa Boka kuhondo ngarava Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

Dzisakarurama simba vavengi

Mberi Hondo Tsushima aigona kufanoona nenhamba vamapoka rinopikisa kumativi. The Pacific rengarava Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky aisanganisira:

• 8 dzechikwata inorema atirari zvikepe (battleships) pamusoro 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast Guard yehondo pamusoro 6 zvikepe muvengi;
• 1 kusvika 8, kreyserny armadillo dzakabatana Imperial Japanese zvikepe;
• 8 kusvika 16, sevatsvaki vemapuranga sevatsvaki vemapuranga Japanese;
• 5 kusvika 24 chikamu Matare Japan vemauto;
• 9 Russian pamusoro 63 Japanese kuvaparadzi.

The pachena mukana kundorwisa Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro anotaura woga. Zvakaitika Japanese rengarava kurwa rakapfuura Russia muna zvose zvinhu, pasinei nokuti nhoroondo hondo wengarava muRussia aiva dzakapfuma zvikuru. Japanese wechiuto miseve nounyanzvi nyanzvi unyanzvi kunokunda muvengi panguva zvenguva refu, pamwe chete chipfuro nezvikepe vanoverengeka. Izvi aisava Russian rengarava. The chikuru rokurwa nguva vaiva Imperial vaipemberera (vaipemberera), zvomumvura zvokushandisa, rinoitwa gore negore varayirwa Emperor Nicholas II.

Zvikanganiso uye miscalculations Russian Admiral

The inokosha Chinangwa rwendo pakati Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo aiva kubatwa yeGungwa Japan. chirwere chakadai wanunurwa Mambo Nicholas II. Zvisinei, ZP Rozhdestvensky akaona chinangwa chacho operative zvinotevera: chero nemauto, pasinei zvinogona kurasikirwa nezvikepe zvavo, akaidza kupasanura kuna Vladivostok. Zvinoita kuti circumvent eJapan zviwi kumabvazuva, zvingava sarudzo sokuronga yakarurama, uye Tsushima hondo wengarava Hazvina kutora nzvimbo.

Asi Admiral akasarudza zvakasiyana, nzira pfupi. Kwakasarudzwa kuenda kuburikidza pakamanikana. Korea Strait unobva East China uye Gungwa Japan, anoenda kumativi chitsuwa Tsushima, izvo zvinozoita ane nzira mbiri: kumadokero uye kumabvazuva ndima (Tsushima Strait). Zvaiva imomo kuti vafambisi Russian ndokumirira Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

Ndima All vari makavhara

Mukuru Japanese rengarava asarudzwa kodzero inokosha toronga zvichibvira ruvengo. Chikwata ngarava cheni rakarongwa pakati zviwi, izvo zvinogona zvapinda mutungamiri pamusoro zvichibvira anofambisa uye kusvika zvikepe Russian. On kumucheto Vladivostok Japanese nokuchenjera akaisa minefields. Zvose zvagadzirwa kurwa. Zvikepe Japanese Hondo Tsushima aitarisira kusvika ngarava weRussia. Pacific Fleet wavarwi akaramba zvahwaiita mugungwa zvokuongorora, achitya kuwanikwa ake dzechikwata njere sevatsvaki vemapuranga muvengi.

Mangwanani hondo Tsushima, musi waMay 14, 1905, akatanga.

The pachena Zvaizobuda hondo huru pakati Russian-Japanese War

Tumirai motley armáda zvakadai matatu penyanza vazhinji sokuti kupenga. In ichi vakatongerwa Mushandirapamwe akatuma vakamborwa pamwe Worn zvenhengo clocked vakakwira mazana ezviuru nautical zvemakiromita, uye nezvichangobva kubuda, vapedza akakurumidza, haana rasai bvunzo midziyo. Vakwasvi kungoreva zvikepe zvavo sezvo zvisina upenyu sentient venyama. Armadillos mazita nomukurumbira vemauto vakaita zvakananga asingadi kuenda vamwe rufu.

Vari wakazviparadzanisa panzira pasi pitikoti, kunyura kure fekitari masvingo ari kugadziriswa, akagara pasi ari pamahombekombe, vakashumira zviratidzo achinyevera sezvo pachena kuti zvikwata zvavo.

It haatendi mashura?

Pakutanga 1900 iri Studio vakapisa gungano muenzaniso yehondo "Mambo Alexander III». Nezvekutanga Ngarava iyi pakataurwa kuwa flagpole pamwe Imperial mureza uye pamwe kwevanhu vakatambudzwa.

Yehondo "Eagle" akanyura yevagari chiteshi, uye gare gare kanoverengeka ndikagara nezano, ndibate kukwira dzechikwata muGulf. Yehondo "Kubwinya" vakawanda havana kukwanisa kuenda musango.

Zvisinei, murayiro mukuru upi nokusaziva zvokuita zvaiva zvisingazivikanwi. September 26, 1904 mu vanotozvifarira (yaimbonzi Tallinn) akabata chemhando wavarindi achimisa. Nicholas II akaenda kumativi ose zvikepe uye vafambisi vaida kusvika Port Arthur uye nhengo dzechikwata zvePacific Fleet wokutanga anorenda ishe Gungwa Japan. Papera vhiki, battleships nomwe, ngarawa, vaparadzi nokusingaperi vakasiya wadzo Mahombekombe. 220-zuva Mushandirapamwe Japanese pamhenderekedzo kureba 18 zviuru nautical makiromita kwatanga.

contingencies

Huru dambudziko aisanganwa dzechikwata murayiro, - ndiko dambudziko nemafuta. Under dzakawanda mugungwa mutemo panguva warships ane pikisa kuti vaende zvengarava ane kwazvakarerekera bato chete kuti zuva. England, uyo aidzora dzakawanda vachizvitakudza dzemapurisa pamusoro nzira yacho dzechikwata, akadzivira ayo zvengarava nokuda warships Russian.

Supply dzechikwata marasha, zvokudya uye mvura yakachena, vaifanira kuronga zvakananga mugungwa. Nokuti kugadzira zvakanga vakapakata rinokosha workshop "Kamchatka", wakakwana mhizha vanozvipira. Sezvineiwo, ivo Aiudzawo njodzi vafambisi vechikepe. Kazhinji, kuti Implementation munhu inokosha kushanda kwakadaro pamwero dhigirii chemhando zvibozwa.

Chakaomesesa marasha vachizvitakudza pamatunhu pamakungwa, ari sokusingatsungiririki achitsva nezuva, kana tembiricha iri bhaira mudzimba yakasvika 70º Celsius, dutu kure Cape Retariro Good - izvi zvose hazvina kumisa kwebasa dzechikwata. Hapana zvikepe haana kudzoka.

Circumnavigation kudii kuburikidza nyanza matatu

Russian dzechikwata, sezvinoita mweya iri kuuya, kashoma pedyo zviteshi uye zvengarava. Nyika yose akaiona uchifamba. International teregirafu uye norunhare vakanga migweje. Correspondents uye venhau vakanga vakarinda dzechikwata achitevedza yose nzira:

• Port Said (Ijipiti);
• Djibouti (East Africa);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Cape Town (South Africa).

Asi kuedza zvose zvaiva kubudirira. Wokutanga kupaka refu yaiva Bay Masiba (Madagascar). Kunewo vakabatana cruising kukupfura Rear Admiral dg Felkerzama nechekumashure, wokupedzisira pfupi chekawo kuburikidza neSuez Canal. Munguva yechiitwa muMadagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky iye yainyatsoziva nekusagona zvavo pasi kuzoposhera zvakarurama uye kuita zvakarurama.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvishamisi. Crews dzakaumbwa akawanda vaiendeswa uye mutongo bhokisi. Mwedzi miviri gare gare - kusvetukira kuyambuka Indian Ocean. Zvikuru vakaneta dzechikwata vakasangana Chinese varedzi vari Kwazvo kuSingapore, ari Vietnamese muna Cam Ranh. Latest halichondriidae aigona kuona chitsuwa Jeju Korean neparera siyana. Nokukurumidza kutanga Hondo Tsushima, musi kufa dzechikwata yaswedera.

The salvo rokutanga panguva muvengi

In maawa 13 maminitsi 40 flagship yehondo "Prince Suvorov" rinotungamirirwa Captain 1st chinzvimbo V. V. Ignatsiusa akarara kosi kuchamhembe-mabvazuva 23. maminitsi Nine Papera, pfuti yake akazarura moto pamusoro Japanese rengarava, uye kunyange yakapenya nzvongo mhinduro mumaminitsi maviri volleys. Tsushima hondo wengarava akatanga. Vazhinji vaunoshanda Zvakazoitika pachena kunyange Petersburg.

Kubva tsamba mukuru vashandi pamusoro chigadzirwe Guards "Emperor Alexander III» Captain 3rd chinzvimbo NM Buhvustova: "Imi vanoda kuti kuhwina. Zviri pachena kuti tinoda nayo. Asi kukunda haisi. Panguva iyoyo, uye Ndinovimbisa kuti tichaita zvose kufa, asi usakanda mapfumo pasi. " Mukuru akaramba shoko rake uye akaurayiwa pamwe zvizere Kuronga yehondo.

Hondo Tsushima, zvishoma pamusoro huru

In maawa 14 uye maminitsi 15, chaizvoizvo maminitsi makumi matatu nemashanu pashure kutanga kurwa, kuti yehondo "Oslabya" inotungamirwa Captain 1st chinzvimbo V. I. Berom, pamwe simba Vasitis mhino uye moto hombe pamusoro Rostra yakayerera akawira kurutivi rworuboshwe . maminitsi gumi gare gare, akanga anyangarika pasi mvura, vachisiya chete huni nezvimedu uye seflounder muvanhu mvura panyika.

Maminitsi mashomanana pashure pokufa "Oslabya" mumwe pashure pomumwe dzakabvarurwa zvikepe torpedoed ne Japanese vezvikepe.

By maawa 16 dzakabvarurwa yehondo "Muchinda Suvorov", ayo akanga yakakanganiswa Japanese anoshongwa. Achiyeuka inopfuta chitsuwa, ndiwo maawa anenge mashanu kuratidza muvengi kurwiswa. Mumazuva okupedzisira maminitsi vafambisi Russian vakadzoka moto chete yokupona trohdyuymovki uye nepfuti. Yehondo akagamuchira Avangard Hits nomwe uye akaenda pasi mumvura.

A shoma yapfuura ndakakwanisa kubvisa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo pamwe tsvimbo muparadzi "Wild One". Dzinokwana vanhu 23 vakanga vasiya. hapana akakwanisa kuponesa zvakawanda. Akarayira yehondo uye akafa pamusoro pake mukuru 1st chinzvimbo, matarenda zvomumvura painter Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

Kazhinji, munguva yehondo Russian-Japanese vakafa maviri Artist anoshamisa, pamwe alumni of Marine Corps, uye chinoshamisa masanga yakazara namesake. The Artist rechipiri - ndiye Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, vakanyura pamwe yehondo "Petropavlovsk" nemhenderekedzo Port Arthur. Panguva iyoyo naye akaurayiwa uye Admiral S. O. Makarov, uyo akahwina hondo dzakawanda gungwa muRussia uye chaiva nokubwinya manyawi Russian rengarava. Zvichitevera flagship "Knyaz Suvorov" Russian Imperial Fleet akarasika:

• "Sisoy Veliky" pasi murayiro Captain 1st chinzvimbo M. P. Ozerova;
• yehondo "Navarino", akatungamirirwa Captain 1st Rank, Baron B. A. Fitingofom;
• ngarawa "Admiral Nakhimov" ari pasi zvapedzisira nhapwa Mukuru 1st chinzvimbo A. Rodionova;
• yehondo "Admiral Ushakov", ane mutungamiri aiva Captain 1st chinzvimbo V. N. Mikluhina (chikepe akauraya rokupedzisira Russian dzechikwata);
• "Admiral Senyavin" rinotungamirirwa Captain 1st chinzvimbo S. I. Grigorevym, uyo akabatwa nemauto eJapan.

Dambudziko mberi

Hondo Tsushima muna 1905 zvakawanda Akatapa Pinda kwakadzika vezvikepe Russian uye zvikepe zvavo. Chimwe rufu akaremara chigadzirwe vakapinda mumvura nemaoko zvose mundege. Kusvikira yapera muvanhu - kubva mukuru kusvikira stoker - aikoshesa tariro kuti zvichava zvinobvira kukunda vanotyisa Hondo Tsushima (1905) paboka kuchamhembe-mabvazuva Russian kumhenderekedzo 23 sokuti. Chinhu chikuru - yokupukunyuka. Vazhinji vakafa pamwe pfungwa iyi. vezvikepe Russian pamusoro chigadzirwe achimhanya njanji pamwe vanoona nzvimbo rufu mamwe masoja avo. Uchingotizevezera Black pamiromo kutsva. "Mwari zororo remweya yavo, O Ishe"

Vakaparara yake yose vashandi pamusoro yehondo "Mambo Alexander III», uye gare gare "Borodino". Chishamiso vakapukunyuka chete mukwasvi chete. Zvaizobuda hondo yaiva foregone mhedziso. Hondo Tsushima muna 1905 kuti tifunge pamusoro invincibility yeRussian rengarava. Mangwanani akatevera, pashure tipone usiku Avangard inorwisa vakasara Russian dzechikwata vakanga vabvuma weJapanese Rear Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Gare gare Admiral Nikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov akatongerwa makore gumi mujeri iri kutongwa Naval Court Imperial Rake mambo.

Njodzi wavarwi

Mukuru muparadzi "Wild Mumwe", uyo akaponesa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, waiva mukuru 2nd chinzvimbo Nikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Njodzi murume uyu zvinoshamisa chaizvo. Kusvikira Russian-Japanese War, aiva akakurumbira hydrographer, mufambi, muongorori pakati Taimyr, mukuru aizi "Ermak". Aiitawo kuRussia polar rwendo kubva Baron Eduard Toll. Kudzokera Russia pashure Tsushima, apo akazvisiyanisa somumwe pamusoro vatungamiri yeRussian Navy, NN Kolomiitsev akarayira ngarava siyana. In World War I akava mutevedzeri Admiral. Muna 1918 akanga asungwa nokuda Bolsheviks uye mujeri muna Petro Paul Fortress. In dzakawanda mabhuku yaitonga Soviet Union nhoroondo dzeupenyu NN Kolomiytseva chinoguma nemashoko anoti: "Vakafa muna Petrograd, anofungidzirwa muna 1918." Muna 1972, zita rake akapiwa hydrographic chikepe idzva. ichangopfuura chete zvakanzi vakawana kuti Nicholas Kolomiitsev muna 1918 akatizira Finland. Gare gare akarwa muGungwa Black kudivi Baron Wrangel. Akabva atamira France, uye akafa muUnited States pasi mavhiri yemauto pakupera 1944. Saka, ngarava "Nikolai Kolomiitsev" ndiye chete muSoviet Navy chikepe zita Admiral of White Guard uye Expat.

nhoroondo mashoko

Kubva ndandanda navies nguva zvikepe zviviri mukwikwidzi Hondo Tsushima akapona kusvikira mazuva edu. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti ngarawa "Aurora" uye Japanese yehondo "Mikasa", iro flagship pamusoro Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" pana Tsushima akasunungura kuti muvengi anenge zviuru zviviri anoshongwa, kuva, akavapindurawo, makumi maviri nerimwe corners. The ngarawa zvakakomba kukuvadzwa, gumi nhengo yake rikarira kusanganisira mukuru, Captain 1st chinzvimbo E. R. Egorev, vakaurayiwa, wakakuvadzwa vanhu 83 zvakawanda. Vasingakwanise kuenda mberi, "Aurora" pamwe ngarawa "Oleg" uye "Parera" zvombo muManila (Philippines). Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi zvechiuto, muchirongwa Hondo Tsushima, anopa zvakawanda chikonzero ngarawa "Aurora" kuti sechiyeuchidzo pane akakurumbira varara pena muna October 1917.

Muguta Yokosuka mu mari yehondo "Mikasa" sezvo miziyamu ngarava. Pairi kwenguva refu kwazvo Tsushima gore wakaitwa misangano magamba, vatori yehondo wokuRussia-Japanese. VokuJapan anotaura ichi nhoroondo Monument ane tichimutya kwazvo.

Memory vakafa vezvikepe pana Tsushima

Pakati 36 vamapoka wokuRussia dzechikwata muna Vladivostok akauya matatu. Tsitsi "Almaz" vaparadzi "Unotyisa" uye "vakashinga." Vazhinji zvikepe uye 5000 vezvikepe vakawana zororo husingaperi panguva pasi Korea Strait uye muzvitsuwa Tsushima Dazhelet. Makuva vezvikepe Russian uyo akafa maronda ake ari muutapwa, achiri vachinyatsoongorora akachengetedzwa nokuda vokuJapan Nagasaki. Muna 1910, muSt Petersburg pamusoro vanhu mari uye chirikadzi mipiro temberi chando-chena Muponesi musi Mvura yakavakwa, yakatsaurirwa kuna vakaurayiwa Tsushima. Temple akamira zvishoma, kusvikira nepakati 30s. Hondo Russian-Japanese, Hondo Tsushima - okuti maviri achagara nokusingaperi husingaperi kuyeuka vanhu Russian.