Admiral Ushakov Biography. Russian wengarava mukuru, Admiral Fodor Fodorovich Ushakov

Munhoroondo hondo yedu uye nezvikepe zvizhinji unhu vakakurumbira. Ava ndivo vanhu vane simba rokuchinja kukura kwete chete uto indasitiri, asi yose munyika statehood. Mumwe waivava aiva Admiral Ushakov. The Biography munhu anoshamisa uyu, ona nyaya ino.

mukurumbira wayo anotaura kanenge chokwadi kuti Navy yeRussian Empire uye Soviet Union vaiva nezvikepe anoverengeka anonzi vanomutevera. Zvikurukuru, kunyange mumwe ngarawa reSoviet Navy. Kubvira 1944, pane murayiro uye Medals Ushakov. Zvinonzi zita pashure anoverengeka zvivako zviri kweArctic.

upenyu Early

Fyodor Ushakov akaberekwa, yemberi Admiral, mune duku mumusha Burnakovo, vakarasika vari yakakura Moscow mudunhu, muna February 1745. Akauya kubva muridzi mhuri, asi kunyanya kupfuma. Hazvishamisi, aifanira kuenda kuchikoro mangwanani kuti varege kumanikidzira vabereki kupedzera mari yawo kugutsikana. Muna 1766 iye akadzidza ari kadheti Corps, vachiwana chinzvimbo warandi mukuru. basa rake wengarava vakatanga muGungwa reBaltic. Ushakov pakarepo akaratidza kuva anokwanisa mukuru uye murume akashinga.

Start basa, kubudirira pakutanga

Nechekare mumakore 1768-1774, muhondo yokutanga pamwe vokuTurkey, Ushakov kurovedza murayiro akawanda battleships. Iyewo muchirongwa umhare kudzivirira Crimean pamhenderekedzo.

In kuBaltic Fyodor Ushakov akarayira frigate "St. Paul", uye gare gare pairi akaitawo yezwi kuGungwa reMediterranean. Akaenda mabasa anokosha kuendesa matanda panguva St. Petersburg shipyard. Muna 1780, iye kunyange akagadza mukuru wavarindi Yacht, asi ramangwana Admiral anoramba ichi hakunakidzi mumhanyi uye kuteterera kwokununurwa kuchinjwa shure mutsetse warship. Ipapo Ushakov akagamuchira chinzvimbo Mukuru rwechipiri.

Sezvo 1780 kusvikira 1782 akarayira yehondo "Victor". Panguva iyi, Ushakov nguva mumigwagwa; iye rikarira kudzivirira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana kubva Chirungu privateers, uyo zvikuru unbelted panguva.

Basa iri pakusikwa Black Sea Fleet

Kumwe kunyanya kuzivikanwa Admiral Ushakov. Biography yake inosanganisira chokwadi kuti murume uyu akanga ari mumwe havaoni dzose Black Sea Fleet. Sezvo 1783 akanga mubasa rokuvaka Sevastopol umbowo zvikepe, pachake akatarisira chokudzidzisa zvokuchenesa itsva nezvikepe. Pakazosvika 1874, Ushakov akava mukuru wokutanga chinzvimbo. Ipapo anogamuchira Order of St. Vladimir 4-fung dhigirii wake vachirwisa denda chekorera muna Kherson. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga akapiwa murayiro chikepe "St. Paul" uye akapiwa chinzvimbo Brigadier mukuru.

The hondo vokuTurkey

Munguva imwe hondo vokuTurkey, kubva 1787 kusvika 1791, yakanga ainzi Ushakov vasunge anokudzwa kukunda yeRussian rengarava. Saka, muna gungwa hondo pedyo Fidonisi Islands (yava kunzi yeNyoka), vakatora nzvimbo July 3, 1788, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov pachake akatarisira Vanguard pakati frigates mana. The Turkish zvikepe panguva chaiva zvikepe 49 chete, akarayira Eski-Hassan.

Taingoita 36 ngarava uye liner midziyo - kashanu zvishoma. It Ushakov, nounyanzvi achifambisa, uye pasina kupa vokuTurkey nzira, akakwanisa tirwise vaviri zvavaigona zvikepe mutsetse, pavanoteka moto pfuti dzavo kutiza. maawa matatu kwakatora hondo iyi, izvo zvakaita yose Turkish rengarava akasarudza kurega. Panguva muhondo iyi remangwana Admiral Ushakov (Biography ake inorondedzerwa munyaya) rakanzwika kuna Cavaliers St. George.

itsva zvakapembererwa

Anotevera makore maviri hondo wengarava haana kuisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1790, pasi kurapa Ushakov zvinoparadzira yose Sea Black rengarava. Chinoshingaira mukuru ndangotanga kudzidzisa zvokuchenesa huru mutsetse midziyo. Nokukurumidza ndakawana mukana kuongorora basa kubva muSinope dzechikwata Rear Admiral Ushakov wakabhombwa ngarava muvengi anenge matatu. Achipindura, yose Turkish dzechikwata akapinda bvuta. Vachitarisira izvi, unyanzvi chikwata mberi akatungamirira rengarava ake uye akariisa kuti anchor the pedyo Kerch Strait kuti chaivharidzira maari nechisimba Turkish ngarava Crimea uye kudzivisa kumhara pamusoro muvengi dzepabonde. Saka vakatanga hondo Kerch wengarava. Zvadaro, yakapinda potse mabhuku ose ari kurwa wengarava, sezvo unyanzvi hunoshandiswa yaimbova Admiral, vaiva nguva mberi chaizvo.

hondo itsva

Zvisinei, nokukurumidza Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich (vane Biography rine Zvikamu zvakawanda zvakadaro) akasarudza kusangana Turkish dzechikwata. nemuedzo uyu akaratidza risingadzivisiki nokuti vokuTurkey: kutarisira kuti mhepo yakanaka, vakasarudza swoop swoop pamusoro Russian rengarava uiparadze.

Zvisinei, avo Rongai Ushakov akanga pachena, asi nokuti rwatinopiwa murayiro wokuvakazve uye inoratidzawo battleships mashoma yakavimbika kufukidza chains-garde. Kana wokupedzisira vokuTurkey tambo pakurwa, vamwe ngarava Russian akasvika. By yechitatu masikati mhepo yakatanga nyasha rengarava yedu. Two squadrons ngarava vakatanga wekuita nokukurumidza, uye nokukurumidza dzavo atirari akabatana tya duel.

Gunners Russian akaratidza pachavo muhondo iyi chete akanaka. Nokukurumidza, vakawanda Turkish zvikepe nokuda rinorema kuparadza midziyo aisagona kubatanidzwa muhondo. Zvishoma, uye Russian akatanga kupemberera zvizere uye kusiko kukunda. The vokuTurkey kutiza chete maererano nani mabasa ayo ngarava chiine nimble. Saka nyaya kweGungwa Dema rengarava kukasawedzerwa nomumwe kukunda mbiri.

Vazhinji dzekare vanoti muhondo iyi, muvengi haana kurasa ngarava chete yakanyura, asi mamiriro ari Turkish rengarava kwakanga kwakadaro kuti akanga achienda kurwa chaizvo vasingagoni mwedzi kuuya. Uyezve, zvikwata zvavo vakatambura yakakura nezvinhu zviri manpower, uye achiwana mauto akanga zvakakomba yasvika. In Russian chete yakauraya vanhu 29. Zviri vachikudza kukunda ichi muna 1915, mumwe battleships ari rengarava akapiwa zita "Kerch".

Battle pedyo Tendra

Mukupera Muzhizha 1790 chaiva rinokosha kurwisana TENDRA apo dzechikwata Ushakova akangoerekana vakagumburwa pamusoro vokuTurkey, uyo pachena akarara anchor. Admiral kuteerera zvose netsika zvikepe, akarayira kudenhwa parwendo, pasina rebuilds mirefu. Kuvimba kubudirira yakanga dzakawedzerwa nokuvapo razova chinhu tsika kuchengeterwa ose frigates mana.

Turkish dzechikwata akarayira Kapudan Pasha Hussein. Aiva noruzivo wengarava mukuru, asi kunyange akamanikidzwa shure pashure akawanda maawa zvikuru yetsiva. The flagship yeRussian rengarava "Krisimasi" pasi murayiro Ushakov akatungamirira hondo mawa nezvikepe anosvika matatu muvengi. Kana vokuTurkey vakamhanyira kutiza, ngarava Russian akavateverera kusvikira usiku, uye ipapo aifanira anchor the.

Zuva rakatevera hondo dzakatanga nesimba rakawedzerwa. A maawa mashomanana hondo yakaguma muna zvakakwana kukunda rengarava yedu. Nemhaka iyi Admiral akapa Order of St. George 2 nd it dhigirii, uye mazana mashanu serfs, akatumirwa Mogilev province. Pashure paizvozvo, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, muna pfupi, rava "wenguva ropa rechiJudha chairo" muridzi womunda Varidzi. Zvisinei, pamusoro Estates dzavo, akapotsa kumbobvira akashanyira, nguva dzose kuva vakabatikana rengarava.

Hondo Kaliakra kukunda itsva

Panyika, Turkey kutambura zvachose kukuvara. Sultan Pasha akasarudza kudzorera, vachitora kutsiva pamusoro pegungwa. Warships dzakatorwa muumambo hwose uye nokukurumidza pedyo Istanbul waiona simba rengarava. Akanga ari uwandu zvikepe 78 nokukurumidza yakanyatsomira pedyo Cape Kaliakra. Kubvira panguva iyoyo akatanga zororo kubva Eid al-Adha vaMuslim, vamwe zvokuchenesa rakanga rabudiswa pamahombekombe.

Zvisinei, hurumende yeRussia munguva ino kutanga hurukuro muvengi kusimba, zvokuti vokuTurkey vakanga chete zvakare kufara. Asi Admiral haana Ushakov (saka Biography ake kukasawedzerwa imwe hondo) asingazivi nezvazvo kana awana Turkish rengarava. Maererano netsika yake yekare, akabva arayira kuti vavakezve ari stowed chinzvimbo, panguva imwe chete vachiridzira panguva muvengi rengarava kubva dzose pfuti.

The vokuTurkey vakaedza kudzokorora rinoshamisa pasi moto apo filming kuzopamba. Saka vakatanga Hondo Cape Kaliakra. Isu kare akataura flagship yeRussian rengarava "Krisimasi" kuenda kundorwisa muvengi. Nguva pfupi pashure paizvozvo zvikepe muvengi akanga vakaparadzirwa, uye muna 1791 pakupedzisira akasaina runyararo chibvumirano.

The post-hondo basa

Pashure pehondo, Admiral akatsaurira nguva yake yose uye nesimba kuti kugadzirira uye kukura Black Sea Fleet. Muna 1793 iye kwaitsigirwa kuna Vice Admiral. Panguva iyi, Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich, ane Biography rizere zviitiko zvinokosha, anotova mukurumbira hombe iri Navy, iye anokudzwa kunyange vavengi.

Uye pane zvinoitika munhu kuziva dzoro kare, Russia muna wemasangano pamusoro French anova mutsigiri Turkey, nako Ushakov akarwa makore mashoma apfuura. Panguva muMediterranean rwendo kubva 1798-1800 Admiral akashanyira Istanbul, apo dzechikwata chake akabatana zvikepe Kadir Bey. Basa rakanga rakaoma: kusunungura vazhinji zvitsuwa (kusanganisira neCorfu nechiGiriki), uye kubuda kubatana nevamwe yeBritain pasi murayiro Nelson.

kutora neCorfu

Inenge yose vakaronga huru vakabatwa paaitiza, asi neCorfu aiva nhare simba, asi nekuti kutanga Ushakov akarayira kutora naye mugungwa blockade. Infantry muUnited dzechikwata haana kukwana, saka funga pamusoro kurwisa yakanga rokusamhanyira. Shure kwenguva, asingakurumidzi Nhaurirano iri Turkish divi pakupedzisira akatuma 4,5 zviuru Zvikepe uye mumwe 2000 vakanga vemo nevarwi. Zvaibvira kuti chirongwa kutora chinhu.

paratroopers Russian, pasi moto kubva dzavarwi yacho, akakurumidza akatanga kuvaka mbiri atirari mabhatiri. Vakasara inifanduri vakarayirwa kurwisa mberi nokusimbaradza chiFrench. Panguva iyoyo kwakatanga taramba chitsuwa Vido, ane ravarwi aisa nokukurumidza.

Naval atirari akaikunda ari bhatiri French, ipapo kurwisa rakatanga. Akanga rangopambwa kwemudhuri, uye ipapo ravarwi akaziva kuti mberi kuramba chinhu chakanaka haazovanzwiri. On chikepe kuti Admiral kuti "St. Paul" vakanga yakatangwa kwakadzama kuti mapfumo.

Career Wenyika

Panguva oparesheni iyi Ushakov kwaitsigirwa kune zvizere Admiral. Kunyange vokuTurkey akapa kumugariro muvengi dzakawanda zvinokosha zvipo ake, vachiziva tarenda rake rehondo. Zvichitevera zviitiko izvi, kuRussia dzechikwata aishingaira vakabatsira pasi mauto Suvorov, uyo panguva vaiita Northern Italy. Vachishingaira achiita reMediterranean, Russian Admiral akasungwa dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana nomuvengi zvachose, panguva imwe chete rakavhara zvengarava pakati kuGenoa uye Ancone. Kumhara chikepe chake zvakakwana akazvisiyanisa panguva kurwisa uye kusunungurwa French mauto Naples uye Roma.

Panguva ino, mutana mutyairi vaishamiswa nomumwe wake tarenda kunanga uye unyanzvi Wenyika akanga kudzima mudzi matambudziko uye taurirana nevanoshora. Ndiye vakabatsira kuti paumbwe Republic of Islands Nomwe muGreece, pamwe nevamwe vamiriri akasika Seneti Greek. Okusuma akarayira itsva vakafara pamwe anenge ose vepachitsuwa chacho. zvakagadzirwa izvi akaita yakakurumbira munzvimbo idzodzo kuburikidza Ushakov, asi akaita akanyanyisa Kusagutsikana Alexander I.

mudyandigere

mwedzi Vose mitanhatu kuti Admiral akanga ari reIonia Islands vakanga mberi kupembera. Veko kubatwa wengarava mutungamiri somununuri wavo kubva French basa. The kumusha dzechikwata vakadzoka September 26, 1800, chakasungirirwa muna Sevastopol. The Emperor akanga kugutsikana chaizvo pamwe Republican maonero Ushakov, asi chinhu kugona kuita naye, nokuti kutya maitiro mauto uye romugungwa. Muna 1802, zvinonzi zvakabviswa kukosha dzoga, akagadza mukuru kukwasva rengarava muGungwa reBaltic uye kudzidzisa mapoka nokuda vafambisi.

Zvisinei, Ushakov uye akafara pamusoro payo: makore akawanda Reisen havana pave utano, asi nekuti atova 1807 iye retires. Panguva Kurwisa French muna 1812, akatungamirira Tambov varwi, asi nokuda murombo noutano kuva pachako muhondo hakuchisina zvinobatanidzwa. Akafa nerakakurumbira Admiral muna 1817, akanga kwazvo akavigwa wemamongi Sanaskarskom.

Interesting zvine chokuita noupenyu

Munhau nomugungwa Ushakov rose havazaikwira chete somunhu risingaenzaniswi nokuda zvake scoring Admiral, asiwo sezvo munyori kupiswa nzira itsva pangarava kurwa. Anoteerera kwazvo chokudzidzisa zvikwata mumwe chikepe dzechikwata chake, izvo akamumisa tisingabatanidzi vatungamiri makore iwayo. Admiral aida pasi: akanga zvakaoma uye kurayira, asi kwete utsinye.

Chiizve rinozivikanwa Ushakov? Interesting zvinhu nezvake anoshamisa: kana USSR mirairo uye Medals muzita rake hwagadzwa, zvakava pachena ... kuti hapana anoziva sei kuti kutarisa zvikuru wengarava mukuru mune chokwadi. asian ake chete yomusi 1912, apo Admiral zana makore sezvo zvakanga zvisiri mupenyu. Dambudziko zvakabayirwa yakakurumbira ANODZIDZA Gerasimov: Admiral crypt yakavhurwa (uye zvikazooneka kuti vamwe vandals kare akakwanisa kuba zvose zvinhu zvavo uye munondo goridhe), pamwe dehenya musayendisiti vakatora nezviyero pamusoro izvo vavakezve mufananidzo akasikwa. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1944.

Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Munguva yedu, murume uyu aizivikanwa akanga somusande neChechi yeOrthodox. Zvino vatsvene Admiral Ushakov anodzivirira zvose vafambi uye vaya vachangobva kuenda itange rurefu.

Uye mumwe zvakare chokwadi. In Sanaksar Monastery ane makuva maviri ... Feodor Ushakov. Mumwe wavo - of Admiral. Mumwe ndezvevanhu sekuru vake, iye achiri mupenyu wakange abbot pakati wemamongi. Nokudzidza zvakachengetedzwa, vaongorori vakawana kuti yakakurumbira mutyairi aifarira kugara mukati mamasvingo izvi, nekuzorora kubva madding revanhu. Ndokusaka akanyora zvaanoda, zvichienderana izvo zvakanga kuvigwa pedyo sekuru vake.