Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky: Biography

Bolshevik Party rinotungamirirwa vanhu vakasiyana. Vamwe vavo vakanga vachigona vamiririri, vamwe vaisiyana hunoshamisa unyanzvi yesangano, vamwe hunoshamisa utsinye mhuka akamira. A kanoda bato iconography anotora Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Mashoko kubva kutaura ake uye nyore mashoko, vakabva vadzikisa parutivi vari parwendo, zvinopupurira kuti unoreva zvakawanda zvakasikwa uye netarenda yepakutanga. Kudivi rimwe, ivo vanoratidza pfungwa kurinda rinotsanangurwa Romantic nyika maonero uye epfungwa mibvunzo uye panorumwe - vari zvakananga mukusiyana dzokudzidzisa huchishanda. Time, Chokwadi, zvakanga zvakaoma, asi ndizvo zvakaitawo vanhu vake.

dzinopesana kuvake

Portrait of Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo shongedza madziro kweSoviet dzemapazi ose nemasangano nhaka mashandiro ari Cheka (OGPU, MGB, KGB, Ushumiri Affairs Internal), uye shongwe kwaari wakange amire pakati Lubyanka Square, zvakananga pakatarisana kuvakwa aimbova boka vadyi unganidza "Russian", inopa kusvikira mabasa Revolution inishuwarenzi. JSC yakanyangarika, asi kutya akaramba kwenguva refu, dzose nguva yose Soviet Union. coercive midziyo yacho mamiriro zvakakodzera, kunyanya dzakakurumbira uye proletarian. Panguva mudzi kwezvisikwa, pakutanga pamusoro yepfungwa yacho mashandiro, akanga Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky. The gangaidzo kunoita izvi (zvinobvira kuti muenzaniso) inoumbwa pakuti yakawanda hwake muutapwa mutorongo, kutambura kushora kwavo chikuru panguva evanhu hurongwa. Chiitiko akawana ne "Iron Ferikisi" mumakore iwayo, warinozokwidzwa nezvarwo. The Soviet hurongwa kudzvanyirira Kusagutsikana nesimba zvikuru, makasimba uye tibudirire mambo.

Mhuri womunda wake muduku vakapedza mariri

September 11, 1877 mumhuri vadzidzisi muzvikoro yechipiri E. I. Dzerzhinskogo, chitendero Catholic, aiva mwanakomana, ainzi Felix. The munzanga ramangwana sachigaro baba Cheka anogona kunzi kune landlords, kunyange zviduku, iye aiva farmstead Dzerzhinovo.

The mhuri yaiva yakakura asi Ferikisi akakurira wake nehama nehanzvadzi (Ignatius, Kazimierz, Stanisław, Jadwiga, Aldona, Vladislav uye Wanda), uye kuzviratidza kuti kushaya mari rokumanikidzirwa munhu murombo wamambo kumunda voruzhinji. Apo Felix akanga atova jaya, papurazi paiva nenjodzi, netsaona akapfura akauraya mwanasikana Edmund Iosifovicha. Yokuzvifungidzira ndiani chaikonzera rufu Wanda, haana kuti vaongorori vakagumisa kuti tsaona yakaitika nokuda kuregeredza.

Chesekondari shamwari yake inomubatsira Yuzek Pilsudski uye zvedzidzo kubudirira

Ndava nemakore gumi, Felix nemumwe ramangwana Pole mukuru, Yuzekom. Shamwari ndakadzidza pamwe kwemakore masere, asingazivi kuti mumwe wavo achava nyanzvi echimurenga, uye mumwe - wepachokwadi Anti nokukurumidza. It Jozef Pilsudski kukwanisa kuratidza muna 1920 kurwisa Red Army, necheshure iyo acharayira Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Rupi ino Bolshevik haasi kukosha, kana zvichidiwa, uye yako yechizvarwa, unogona kundorwa.

Special matarenda wechikoro Ferikisi haana kuratidza. In kirasi yokutanga, akadzidza kwemakore maviri. Chikoro anonzi yapera zvisingabviri chitupa akagamuchira chete gwaro, parakatonga kuti "zvakanaka" (asi kwete "kugonesesa"), akapiwa murayiro waMwari, asi muna Latin, French, wefizikisi, geometry, nemasvomhu, uye nhoroondo kubudirira kwayo dzinoongororwa uri hwakasimba "vatatu". Uye zvinhu zvikuru zvakaipa vaiva chiGiriki uye Russian. Uye zvose izvi panguva inogutsa kushingaira, maitiro uye kutarisirwa.

Pakutanga echimurenga hondo

Saka, jaya akabuda jimunasiyamu masvingo. Vose: vadzidzisi uye nevamwe vadzidzi, uye kuti iye zvaiva pachena kuti hapana chinokosha pfungwa uye matarenda, haana nhaka. Rich nhaka sezvo kutarisirwa aisafanira. Zvino jaya akafarirawo Marxism (kana pfungwa iyi nokushingaira vabatwa vanomumukira pfungwa). Iye wechi mukudhinda uye denderedzwa Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. zita Real, sokuti zvaiita kwaari zvakare, uye vokuPoland kudanana zvakakwana, uye akatora ake remadunhu- muongorori wenyeredzi. Sei izvi, kuti nhoroondo yakanyarara. Kuitisa manyepo pakati vadzidzi vakadzidza havaratidzi uye kudzidzira (nokuti dzidzo ichi zvokuti), muongorori wenyeredzi akaita zvimwe chikanganiso, izvo zvakaita rimwe akasimudzira vavo vashandi yakaderera-unyanzvi akanyora mushumo kuti mapurisa akakodzera tigutsikane - uye Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky yacho muna Kovno mujeri (1897 ). Pashure pegore Asunungurwa akanga akadzingwa mu Nolinsk Vyatka mudunhu pasi makore matatu zvokuongorora mapurisa, asi ipapo akanga, kushanda pane imwe fekitari fodya Calico-, aidhinda haana kusiya echimurenga pfungwa. Link zvakare, ipapo kupunyuka.

A upenyu huzere dzorudo: kusungwa, nhapwa uye runaways

Vilnius, Lithuania, Poland - nzvimbo idzi pamepu, umo kwezana remakore akaita Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Biography ake rakazara Zvikamu kusunga uye zvaunotenda. Warsaw nhare (1900), Siedlce Central (1901), Viluiskaya dzaifanoiswa mujeri (1902), Alexander kubatana uye kudanana kupukunyuka Verkholensk muchikepe. Zvadaro kuenda kumwe, iyo panguva yacho Social Democratic Poland uye Lithuania musangano anotanga bato basa. Iye - kumunyori wokumwe komiti.

Kusungwa uye kusunungura zvose zvava kunakidza

Kana hondo pamwe Japan, vokuPoland-Lithuanian sotsdeki (SDKPiL) akaita zvose omesa upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu Russian Empire. Kuratidzira, bongozozo, parinouya, uye kunyange yokukanganiswa aishingaira vakatevera ngwizhingwi bapiro bato, iro vatungamiriri dzacho zvakare mujeri. Tinogona chete vanoshamisika softness youmambo nemutsetse. Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky muna 1905, akakandwa mujeri. Maiva muna July, uye muna October kwakanga kare akaregererwa. December 1906, vakasungwa muna Warsaw uye dare, uye muna June akasunungura mari yechibatiso. Muna 1909, kuti mutongo - Siberian muutapwa upenyu-refu, iyo kutiza akaratidza kuva nyore, uye kwete kumwe, asi zvakananga kuna Maksimu Gorkomu muna Capri. Pane zvino vakadai vanogona kudzokorora?

pamberi chimurenga

Muna 1910, munyori veboka upenyu (uye chikamu-nguva wehomwe) yaiva chiitiko chinokosha - akaroora. sarudzo yake raiva Sophia Mushkat, yakabatana. In ake dhayari manotsi panguva ino kune mitsetse nezverudo, izvo zvinopa simba rokutsungirira matambudziko ose. Kare chete kuonekwa mukurwisa zvinoreva upenyu Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich. Brief Biography rine ruzivo kuti mumakore 1910-1911, iye aitsigira nzvimbo Lenin vake, kushora Plekhanov pamwe pamutemo nzira dzake. Muna 1912, akasungwa zvakare, panguva ino kune zvakaoma-makirisito evapanduki nomupoteri vaishandisa hubudirire udzvanyiriri - matatu okutanga zvakaoma (Oryol Prison), ipapo nhanhatu zvakawanda Butyrka, paangatonga akagara kurudyi kusvika 1922, kana kwete The February chimurenga.

Jacobin proletarian chimurenga

Pashure tichibatanidza pamwe SDKPiL RSDRP (b) Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky pakarepo kuitwa yezviri basa bato. Panguva iyi, nevanhu havapo, chete nzvimbo kwatemwa, uye chinokosha nyaya sezvo yokuzvitonga marudzi anodzivisa Munyori Leninist Chokwadi, asi zviri pfupi. Kukosha hakusi shoko, uye nyaya Somuenzaniso, sangano reuto chimurenga, paumbwe muhondo zviumbu of Red Guard uye kupambwa kutaurirana kunonyanya 25 October. Dzerzhinsky akanga kunyange Narkomvoenmor zhinji muzhizha 1917 this post asati akatora L. D. Trotsky. Lenin akadana kwaari Jacobin, uye raiva anokutenda. The pati kukurumidza kunzwirwa murume achakwanisa kuumba uye kutungamirira muviri chaiwo, kuranga uye shingirira, uye nyaya iyi akanzi "simbi" Felix.

Kutya zvishoma Trotskyism

Muna December 1917 pakava kukanganisa wamazvirokwazvo vashandi vehurumende munyika ranwa. CPC akapindura kuzvisikwa yake All-Russian hunoshamisa Commission kuti Kukurira sabhoteji. Ndizvozvo uye akatungamirira Dzerzhinsky (muna 1922 zvakanzi kunzi OGPU) kusvikira parufu rwake. HC vaiitawo vakawanda udzvanyiriri, uye musoro wayo vakava kazhinji initiator pakati migove iri chikamu chavagari uye kuparadzwa kwakakwana kuparadzwa pakati vamiririri "makirasi parasitic." Chete kamwe nayo yamira aurayiwe mabasa avo, kusiya. Zvino pashure chigaro Mirbach, mumiririri German, akakwana kuvhiringidza rugare (chaizvoizvo capitulation) kwakadzama muna Brest. Panguva iyi, Dzerzhinsky akatora Trotskyist chinzvimbo gare gare kakawanda apfidza. Mune mamwe "simbi" Feliks Sovnarkom rakaronga: kuchenesa yabudisa, uye akatora hostages, ndokupfura navo. Zviri kunaka kwake basa, haana kumboona.

Vana, mitambo, udzvanyiriri, mukati-party hondo uye rufu

The Civil War yapera, uye pamigumisiro ichi tsotsi chavo chokuuraya hama vauraye akazarurwa kumativi kutya. Indasitiri yaparadzwa, kwose kwose akatonga kuparadza, nyika nemafashamo pamwe mumugwagwa nevana. mamiriyoni mashanu vakapona vana vakasiya vasina vabereki, uye nhamba yevakafa hazvibviri kuwana nhasi. Felix Dzerzhinsky akatanga chirongwa mamiriro zvinokosha kurimwa akuvara ari chizvarwa hondo, zvavasingafaniri chete zvokudya, zvokupfeka uye dzakapfeka kugadzirirwa kwemashoko, asi kukudziridza mweya mutsva kurongeka munzanga. Kuti izvi zvidaro, muRussia yose akasika nherera uye vana kuvharirwa nepakati Tauriranai. Chirongwa ichi anganzi chimwe chezvinhu akabudirira munhau yeSoviet.

vanhu vashoma nhasi yeuka kuti Dzerzhinskiy Feliks Edmundovich, mufananidzo iyo (kunyanya pashure) zvinoratidza nezvechirwere chake, akava mumwe wemapiyona nevazhinji mitambo iri USSR. Uyezve, nzanga "Avangard" rinogona kunzi brainchild ake.

Kuyeuka pachake kare wake, zvine zvakasiyana uye zvarakasiya kubva nebato mutsetse, Dzerzhinsky kazhinji akareverera Bolsheviks, vachibvumira Pfungwa zvikanganiso zvakafanana. Sezvingabvira, kana akanga ararama yakareba, angadai vakagoverana njodzi dzakawanda nhengo Central Committee of Leninist yakatarwa, uye angadai akarangarira zvose ake "Trotskyism" uye vamwe "rykizmy-pyatakizmy-kamenizmy" muna 1937 kana 1938. Mupfungwa, akanga kunyange rombo, zvichida mupfungwa enhoroondo. Panguva bato plenum muna 1926 akataura saizvozvo mupfungwa dzavo dzakare nevamwe uye neshamwari, uye Kamenev, Pyatakov, mwoyo wake akapa Bolshevik, uye madekwana Shamwari Dzerzhinsky akafa.

Akava kuvake Soviet, chiratidzo kushinga, zita rake ndokunzi mafekitari, zvikoro, kupesana, steamers uye guta ...