José Saramago: Biography, mabhuku

tenzi ichi mashoko akapa nyika yakaisvonaka jeka Portugal. Nokuti tarenda ake José Saramago akanga paakavapa Nobel mubairo uye mukurumbira pasi rose. Nhasi anoverengwa mabasa ake anenge zvose kunyika zvenyika pavari kupfura mafirimu umo huru mabasa anopiwa vaitungamirira vatambi kuHollywood.

The kudzika zvinoreva, yakarurama, mufananidzo, zvinofananidzira, uye kusiyana-siyana zvinofadza zviri unyanzvi nyika - Ndivo chikuru zviri enganonyorwa ake, tisingatauri unoshamisa mhenyu magamba uye zvinhu nenzira mubatanidzwa dzinokosha maitiro anoverengeka mabhuku kufamba.

Munhu

Zvikuru nemhaka nyika José Saramago akataura pamusoro mabhuku uye tsika Portugal. Muna 1992 yaakasimbisa muLisbon, reNational Front Chokudzivirira Cultural Heritage, uye muna 1998 munyori akanga paakavapa soro mubayiro wayo. The enganonyorwa romunyori ichi takasarudza anotaurwa mashiripiti realism, asi chaizvoizvo vari multi-faceted kuti rinobatanidza zvose zvakanakisisa kuti wakapa nokure mabhuku nyika. Asi chikuru chinokosha wavo anogona kunzi, zvichida, mumwe zimukadzimu guru pfungwa mhedziso Humanism, vanomhanyisa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu mune zvose ezvinhu uye ezvinhu. A zvikuru wakajeka nechinzvimbo ichi rinowanikwa yokufungidzira yakanzi "Upofu", iro nhasi ichaongororwa imwe yenzvimbo rakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira pasi pose.

Mabviro munyori nezveramangwana

Aigona José Saramago, mumwe mukomana kubva nyore murimi mudiki mumhuri, fungidzira kuti kamwe zvinova mumwe vaitungamirira vamiririri nyika mabhuku vomunharaunda nguva yake? Zvimwe, kwete.

Maererano tenzi uduku chaiva zvakaoma - yairamba ichifambira, kushaya mari, rufu mukuru mukoma wake mangwanani, Chokwadi, akasiya zvimwe mucherechedzo rokusika munhu yemberi munyori international Bestseller. Pasinei neizvi, José Saramago akanga akakodzera chaizvo mudzidzi, muridzi ane kuongorora pfungwa uye yakajeka fungidziro. Sezvo vabereki havagoni kunobhadhara kuchikoro chakanaka, pazera makore 12 mukomana okuberekwa rakamanikidzwa kutanga kudzidzisa ari zvekushandisa mumunda, kuti kukwanisa chouviri, sezvo vachiti, nemaoko avo.

Kutanga kubva pasi

Panopera kurovedza Zhoze Saramago, ane mabhuku anoverengwa pose nhasi, kwemakore maviri aishanda samakanika mugaraji, uye ipapo akasarudza nzira rokushandura, kubva izvo pamusoro nguva yakatanga kuva nyanzvi wenhau. Kwekanguva, remangwana akahwina mubayiro weNobel aishanda mubatsiri mupepeti iri Bhuku Diario of Notícias, asi nokuda enyika kuchinja 1975, aitofanira kusiya basa uye kudzokera basa rokushandura.

Nechekare nokukurumidza José Saramago, ane mabhuku zvazova chaiye mabhuku manyawi, yakazivisa pachake somunhu munyori yokunyepera.

Ups nezvisingafadzi

Pasinei chokwadi kuti murume uyu agara sokuti munyori, ake unyanzvi kuedza vokutanga vakatadza. Iri raiva munyika tarenda rake panzvimbo kunonoka. Zvikuru nevakawanda panguva ichaongororwa kuti basa Saramago zvichida, "The Gospel Maererano naJesu Kristu," asi bhuku rino chikwereti yayo zvikuru chinyadzo chakaitika zhinji nyika yakakurumbira.

Hazvina kuoma kuti zvokufungidzira kuti bhuku rino rinopa imwe nzira maonero biblical nyaya kuti arege kuita vateveri yakaoma dzechitendero. Mufananidzo chimiro chokurondedzera, ndyaringo, iyo inotaura mamwe maonero, chaizvo nokushora Jesu Old Testament Jehovha akaita chaizvo hombe resonance uye zvakasiyana-siyana mhinduro. Kunyange zvakadaro, gore pashure kusunungurwa yokufungidzira "The Gospel Maererano naJesu Kristu," Saramago akanga paakavapa chepamusorosoro mubayiro - Nobel Prize.

Topic zvinhu rose

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti apa ainzi chigadzirwa haasi chete rwayo. Kufunga pachake kuna Mwari, munyori, zvisinei, yakawanda basa rake rakazvipira nyaya dzechitendero kana pfungwa pedyo nayo. Nokuti José Saramago "Evhangeri" yakanga chete wakajeka kupfuura kutaura pfungwa zvegungano Humanism hwevanhu mukukunda pamusoro chitendero dzidziso, asi sakare, uye gare gare yakanga akaratidza nemabasa uye akaita munhu yainakidza mhinduro vaverengi pose.

"Vakanonga"

Zvichida ichi ndicho basa munyori wokutanga, Akagamuchira wandei mbirikira uye akahwina rudo mamiriyoni. Kubva akarongwa yokufungidzira wokutanga muverengi anomuzarurira incredible kunaka Portugal, zvichiita bope mavara uye vamwe anenge mashiripiti wemashiripiti. Asi panguva imwe chete wavanozvisunga uye chido ichocho, kuti kuvava uye kurwadziwa kwavo, José Saramago akaratidza mumutsara ose.

nemano kwakadaro uye zvakarurama nako makanyorwa basa, vatsoropodzi vakatsoropodza akatsanangura nezvekwakabva munyori dzinozivikanwa kubva mhuri murimi mudiki. Kunyange zita romunyori yakaumbwa nepasipo uye etymologically kune akakurumbira zita yomusango radish. zvakasimba kubatana kwakadaro zvomudzimu nyika, veko munyori, asingagoni kuwana kufungisisa mabasa ake.

"Kuyeuka wemamongi"

basa iri Zhoze Saramago Vatican wongororo vaitova vakasimbarara. A raidudzwa Anti-zvevafundisi mafungiro, sezvinoratidzwa basa iri, asingagoni kwaunoita uye akakonzera furore. Yapera mamiriro ezvinhu apa uyewo chokwadi kuti sezvo huru hunhu yokufungidzira akaita muroyi, izvo, chokwadi, haana kufanira kupinda nemaonero evanhu simba muchitendero.

Kunyange zvakadaro, bhuku rino iri kazhinji zvichienzaniswa yokufungidzira Umberto RUGWARO "Zita Rose", akavawo Bestseller yose.

"Upofu"

basa iri, zvichida, anogona kunzi chimwe chezvinhu kufarira vateereri. Original maonero Apocalypse, ari inimitable nyaya, nevamwe rokusika manyorerwo uye nokutenda kusingazununguki muna yakunda vanhu vakaita "Upofu" nyika yakakurumbira yokufungidzira. Uyezve, muna kutsanangura zvikuru firimu yakaitwa, chikuru basa iro nhaka vaitungamirira vatambi nguva yedu.

"Double"

basa iri rinogona kunzi mumwe yakaipisisa uye kuoma kunzwisisa mune mabasa José Saramago. "Double" - bhuku rinoita kuti muverengi svetuka sezvinoita yakadzika sezvinobvira munyika yomukati yavo, kunzwisisa chigadziko kuti nhema mukati nomumwe wedu kuti tifunge nezvemibvunzo zvakasikwa uye upenyu. Zvichida zvakanga zvakamuomera kuti kuwanikwa dzinopesana wongororo akadaro. José Saramago kuti yokufungidzira "The Double" kuimba nechido rumbidzo uye panguva imwe chete, hapana kunaka chaizvo nezvazvo. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti vamwe: pashure pokuverenga hanya hapana anoramba.

Special rokusika tsika, yakasiyana maonero enyika, achirova pakunaka kwayo uye zvakarurama zvidavado - ndivo vanonyanya zvaiva Jose Saramago sezvo kutungamirira munyori Portugal ano uye mumwe manhamba zvikuru mabhuku munyika nhasi. Achibva nyore mari shoma murimi mudiki mhuri, haana chete akakwanisa vabudirire uye mukurumbira - akanga zvimwe kwakachinja nyika, achichipa zvakawanda zvigadzirwa, rimwe nerimwe unganzi rounyanzvi. mabhuku ichi, izvo akava Bestseller yose. Bhuku rino, akanga atova nenguva kuva chaiwo.