Mayakovsky kuti okugadzira zvinhu. Satire nemabasa Mayakovsky

Hapana mamwe mabasa vadetembi Russian havana nezvizhinji pamwe ndyaringo uye kusekwa, sezvo basa Vladimira Vladimirovicha Mayakovskogo. Satire munyori kugomo unopinza, kukamura uchishandisa uye zvikurukuru pasocial zvinangwa.

oupenyu mashoko

musha Mayakovsky akanga Georgia. Zvakanga ikoko, mumusha Baghdad, uye musi waJuly 17, 1893 mudetembi ramangwana. Muna 1906, pashure pokufa kwababa vake, akatamira kuMoscow naamai vake nehanzvadzi. Nokuti political vanoshingaira nzvimbo kakawanda kujeri. Inoguma ari Stroganov School. Vachiri mudzidzi anotanga munhu futuristic nzira Mayakovsky. Satire - pamwe zvinotyisa uye Kunyepera kuva - anova kuzivikanwa nhetembo yake.

Zvisinei, Futurism, wayo nihilistic ratidziro vasingagoni zvakazara anobvumawo zvizere simba emunyori mashoko Mayakovsky, uye zvavanonyanya kutaura nezvazvo nhetembo ake akakurumidza akatanga kuenda mhiri akasarudzwa mirayiridzo. More uye vakawanda vavo inzwiwe mumagakava subtext. Pre-echimurenga nguva Mayakovsky kuti nhetembo ane maviri akasiyana nzvimbo: kumupomera, munhu satirical, yakazaruka zvose zvinokanganiswa uye zvikanganiso Tsarist Russia; zvinouraya, uchiteverwa chinosemesa chaichoicho anoparadza munhu rinosanganisa kuti yakanaka hweruzhinji uye Humanism.

Saka, zviri satire nemabasa Mayakovsky mukutanga chaizvo zvokukura okugadzira zvinhu rava kuzivikanwa zviri nyanduri pakati vavanonamata mabhuku workshop.

Chii Futurism?

Shoko "Futurism" rinobva muchiLatin futurum, zvichireva "ramangwana." Saka akadana chains-garde akananga pakutanga XX remakore, vaine nokumunyima kare kuita uye chido chokusika chinhu idzva iri mifananidzo.

Zvinoumba Futurism:

• Mhirizhonga uye kupandukira.
• Kuramba nhaka nemagariro.
• Kukudziridza mberi uye nemaindasitiri.
• Shocking uye pathos.
• Negation of mitemo unosimbiswa versification.
• Kuedza mumunda nhetembo pamwe senhetembo, mutinhimira, funga masirogani.
• Kusikwa mazwi matsva.

zvinotaurwa zvose izvi zvisingagoni nani mumatauriro nhetembo pamusoro Mayakovsky. Satire organically inoyerera ichipinda zvakagadzirwa izvi nokusika rakasiyana manyorerwo kuri kuti nyanduri.

Chii satire?

Satire - nzira romubati kurondedzerwa chokwadi, ane basa kunoratidzwa kufumura, kuseka, zvakaoma-kurova kutsoropodzwa evanhu mananara. Satire kazhinji anoshandisa gudziramukanwa uye zvokufananidzira kusika munhu kunaka mufananidzo mumwe zvimiso chinotaura ndakashata divi chokwadi. Its chikuru chinhu - munhu anzi kunaka atinoitwa kuratidzwa.

Aesthetic wezwi kuti satire Nde kurimwa humanistic tsika: mutsa, kururamisira, chokwadi, runako.

In mabhuku Russian, satire kwakabvira kare, midzi yawo anogona kuwanikwa vatova ngano yakazotanga akatamira kumusha remabhuku kunokwana A. P. Sumarokovu, Di Fonvizin, uye vamwe vakawanda. In XX remakore simba satire Mayakovsky riri risingaenzaniswi munhetembo.

Satire mundima

Nechekare mukutanga zvokukura Vladimir Mayakovsky collaborated ne magazini "New Satyricon" uye "Satyricon." Satire of Romantic nguva, une chikwangwani chakanyorwa uye chinotungamirwa pamusoro bourgeoisie. nhetembo Nyanduri Early kazhinji zvichienzaniswa Lermontov nokuda kwaiita munyori "Ini" yakapoteredza vanhu, nokuda raidudzwa nokupandukira kusurukirwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvavanopa zvakajeka satire pamusoro Mayakovsky. Verses pedyo futuristic zviruva, yapakuvamba chaizvo. Pakati pavo vane: "Tarirai muri!", "Hymn kuti musayendisiti", "Hymn kumutongi," "Hymn kuti kudya," etc. Nechekare chaiwo wenyaya basa, kunyanya "nziyo", akanzwa ndyaringo ...

Post-echimurenga okugadzira zvinhu Mayakovsky payakakurudzirwa anoshandura dzidziso dzaro. Zvino vatambi vake - kwete zvakakodzwa Bourgeois, uye vavengi chimurenga. Poems vari nechimwe mireza uye nhimbe mapepa, tichiratidza akapoteredza kuchinja. Pane mudetembi akaratidza sezvo yokudhirowa, sezvo vazhinji basa kwaisanganisira mutsetse uye mufanidzo. mapepa aya mapinda dzinotevedzana "mahwindo ACHIFAMBIRA". vatambi vavo - ratyama vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi, ivo nevachena uye bourgeoisie. mapepa akawanda rokushora zvakaipa nguva yedu, zvakasara kubva rapfuura upenyu, sezvo post-echimurenga nzanga Mayakovsky sokuti akanaka, uye zvose zvakaipa zviri mairi - vakasara kare.

Pakati yakakurumbira mabasa, izvo runosvika pakakwirira satire Mayakovsky -. Nhetembo "Prozasedavshiesya", "On the marara" "Poem of Butcher pakati Baba uye navanopinda pezvose" Mudetembi inoshandisa zvokufananidzira kusika penga ezvinhu uye kazhinji anoita noungwaru nzvimbo uye zvakajairika kunzwisisa chokwadi. All simba satire Mayakovsky zvainanga nokufumura pokuperevedza uye deformities zvenyika.

Satire ari Mitambo

Satire muna Mayakovsky kuti okugadzira zvinhu haringorevi kuti nhetembo, kunoratidzwa pacharo ari kutamba, vachiva kwavari pfungwa-pakati. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - ndicho "Bug" uye "kugeza."

Mutambo "Banya" akanyorwa muna 1930, uye kubvira tsanangudzo yacho Genre anotanga yemunyori ndyaringo, "nomutambo mabasa matanhatu ane sekasi uye hwemoto." Kunetsana kuri zvinopesana mukuru Pobedonosikova uye muvambi Chudakov. Pacharo, chigadzirwa kunonzwisiswa nyore uye kunonakidza, asi zvakaoma pamwe mapenzi uye utsinye muboka revatungamiriri. kuridza kukonana akatsunga kwazvo nyore kubva ramangwana paanosvika "phosphoric mukadzi" uye anotora yakanakisisa vanhu naye ipapo, apo pane komiyunizimu, uye bureaucrats kuramba chinhu.

Mutambo "Bug" zvakanyorwa muna 1929, uye muna nemisha yaro Mayakovsky achirwa philistinism. The protagonist, Pierre Skripkin, pashure chakakundikana muchato anowira chishamiso kupinda yechiKomonisiti ramangwana. Hazvibviri zvakajeka kunzwisisa ukama kuti nyika Mayakovsky. Satire nyanduri tsitsi akaseka zvaunokanganisa wayo: rinoitwa michina, rudo kunyatsodzurwa ... Skripkin pano sokuti kupfuura vapenyu uye wechokwadi murume. Under ake simba vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuputsa.

mhedziso

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky akava kukodzera mutsivi tsika Saltykov-Shchedrin, uye N. V. Gogolya. The nhetembo uye mitambo Anokwanisa zvakarurama kuziva "maronda" zvose nekuipira ano vanhu munyori. Satire nemabasa Mayakovsky ane raidudzwa simbisa pakurwisa philistinism, ari bourgeoisie, ari muboka revatungamiriri, nomusoro kwenyika uye nemitemo yayo.