The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE ..): Zvinokonzera, zvaitika. Zvikonzero pokukundwa muCarthage muna Second Punic War. Musiyano wekutanga Second Punic Wars?

The hondo Roma neCarthage nenzvimbo nzvimbo chinokosha munhoroondo Ancient World. Vakanga kwakabatsira pamusoro pakuzadzisa muMediterranean uye yose Europe. Second Punic War makore 218-201. BC. e. - chakajeka nhatu akatora nzvimbo. Uyewo inonzi Hannibalic hondo, kana hondo Hannibal. Mukuwedzera kuRoma uye muCarthage mu pavanotaurirana akatora chikamu Numidia, Pegamo, Aetolian League, Syracuse, Achaean League uye Macedonia.

prehistory

Muna 242 BC. e. rugare chibvumirano kuti akagumisa Punic War First yakanga yakasainwa. Somugumisiro chibvumirano ichi, muCarthage akatadza kudzora mari kubva muridzi kweSisiri, anenge chete basa iri Carthaginians kumadokero Mediterranean akanga zvikuru damage Rome. Pakupedzisira, muCarthage akanga ari akaoma ezvoupfumi ezvinhu, uye chigaro chacho vachitonga Barkidov - kuvamirira kubva mapato - rinopikisa kwakawedzera. Kunyange ipapo zvaiva pachena kuti munguva yemberi iri pedyo anofanira kutora nzvimbo Second Punic Hondo pakati kuRoma uye muCarthage kuparadza mumwe wavo, kuti ndiyo. To. The maviri masimba makuru muMediterranean pakanga pasina nzvimbo.

Makwikwi Spain

Hamilcar, mukuru Carthaginian mukuru mukuru weuto, chirongwa nokuda kukunda Spanish ndima. Chokutanga, katsi Peninsula wakange akafuma kwazvo zviwanikwa, uye chepiri kubva Spain aigona kuva tsvarakadenga kutsanya kusvika Italy. Hamilcar, pamwechete nomwanakomana wake mutemo Hasdrubal waishanda kuwedzera miganhu muCarthage kweanenge makore 10 kusvikira kukombwa Helice akaurayiwa. Shamwari yake Hasdrubal akanga nedambudziko Ibero-fuza muNew muCarthage, yakavambwa naye.

New muCarthage rwakakurumidza Nhongonya yose kumavirira kweMediterranean zvokutengeserana, uyewo muzinda puniyskih pfuma. Saka, muCarthage kwete chete ndanyarara hangu nazvo zvavo pakazopera Hondo Vokutanga neRoma, asi iye akanga kumisika itsva, uye mumigodhi Spain Barkidov sirivha zvakapfumisa nokusunungura vavengi vavo enyika chero rutsigiro. Second Punic War makore 218-201. BC. e. Yakanga chete nyaya nguva.

Rome kufunganya

enyika Roman nevatungamiriri vemauto vaiva nehanya tiwane simba muCarthage. Rome akanzwisisa kuti zvichiri Hakutadzisi kumisa punov, asi pashure penguva yakati ichava zvakaoma. Naizvozvo, vaRoma vakatanga kutsvaka chikonzero kutanga hondo. Panguva upenyu hwababa Hannibal vake, Hamilcar, muganhu Iber River akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pakati muCarthage uye Rome kuSpain.

Rome unoumba kubatana Soguntom. Akanga zvakajeka kunangana neCarthage, uye zvakananga kuti kumisa ake mberi mberi kuchamhembe. Kutanga Second Punic War roswedera Rome aisada muvakidzani akadaro simba, asiwo kutaura kunze nechiso kurwisa asingagoni, saka kubatana Soguntom akanga akapedzisa. Zviri pachena kuti Roma haana kuitirwa kudzivirira yakabatana, asi nokurwiswa pake muCarthage akapa chikonzero kutanga hondo.

Hannibal kubva Barkidov chigaro

Hannibal kwaifanira kuva chiratidzo hondo utongi hweRoma muna kuMediterranean, nayo vakakwanisa kuitei hapana akanga akatsunga kuita. Akanga unyanzvi uto mutungamiriri, masoja vairemekedza kwaari, kwete nokuda kwake yakakwirira kubereka uye nokuda pachake kuita uye zveutungamiri.

akatora Kubvira vachiri vaduku Hamilcar baba mwanakomana wake kuhondo. Muupenyu hwake hwose mukuru, akanga ari mumisasa muchiuto, apo mwana akanga achitarira rufu kumeso. In meso ake akanga achiuraya vakawanda, mazana, kana vaisava zviuru zvevanhu. Iye vajaira ichi. Constant kurovedza Hannibal vakatendeuka romubati murwi, uye kudzidza zvehondo - mune rechiuto shasha. Zvichakadaro Hamilcar akaita zvose kuitira kuti pedyo Hellenistic nyika, saka akadzidzisa rechiGiriki arufabheti nemwanakomana wake uye akarudzidzisa tsika nevaGiriki. Baba ndisingazivi kurarama pasina muvakutsiri neRoma, uye vakadzidzisa vana vavo kuti tsika dzavo, uyewo akamisa Union. Basa rinokosha izvi kwaiva kutamba Hannibal. Second Punic War kufunga kuburikidza navo kwemakore akawanda. Uye waakapikira kuti aizoparadza Rome pashure pokufa kwababa vake.

The zvinokonzera hondo

Pane zvikonzero zvitatu huru kuti kwakatungamirira yatanga yechipiri hondo pakati kuRoma uye muCarthage:

1. kunyomba migumisiro muCarthage, pasi mashoko runyararo chibvumirano kuti akagumisa Punic War First.

2. Kuwedzera kwakaita ndima muCarthage wayo vapfume tichiregeredza vakapfuma Estates muSpain, zvakazoita nokusimbaradza simba rayo rehondo.

3. kukombwa uye kubatwa zviri muCarthage Rome Sogunta mubatanidzwa kuti aiva chikonzero pamutemo, izvo kwakaguma Second Punic War akanga abudiswa. Zvikonzero zviri neyebhizimisi pane chaicho, asi zvakakonzera rimwe guru kupokana yose yekare.

Kwehondo

Pakafa Hamilcar uye Hasdrubal wehondo umhondi akasarudzwa Hannibal. Ipapo chete akatendeuka makore 25 okuberekwa, akanga azere nesimba uye kutsunga kuparadza Rome. Uyezve, akanga boka hahwo wokuziva zvehondo uye Chokwadi, utungamiri.

Hannibal kubva munhu hapana chakavanzika anoda kurwisa Sogunt, waiva mutsigiri Rome, uye nokudaro kuita rokupedzisira hondo. Zvisinei, Hannibal haana kundorwa kutanga. Akava nechokwadi chokuti Sogunt vakarwisa marudzi katsi kuti vaiva pasi pesimba muCarthage, uye chete pashure kuti akatamira mauto ake kuti "atadza". Hannibal zvakarurama pamazita kuti Roma haazorambi kuguma muchiuto rubatsiro Soguntu, t. To. Iye akatungamirira kuzorwa Gauls uye Illyrian Pirates. Kutyisidzirwa Sogunta kwakatora 7 months, pashure iyo nhare akabatwa. Rome haana kupa rubatsiro rechiuto wayo shamwari. Apinza Sogunta Rome vakatuma nhume kuna muCarthage, izvo akataura hondo. The Second Punic War akatanga!

ruvengo

Hondo kwemakore anopfuura 15. Panguva ino, akapotsa haana kurega chero Kusanzwisisana pakati peRoma muCarthage, kana pakati vatsigiri vavo. Vakaurayiwa makumi ezviuru zvevanhu. Mumakore nani apfuura kubva muruoko rwangu, kana kuti kutanga munguva yehondo, nemhanza rakanga kurutivi Hannibal, mushure menguva vaRoma kwakawedzera, zvichikonzera dungwerungwe mikuru vakakurirwa Poonam muna Iberia uye North Africa. Saka Hannibal akaramba ari pamberi Apennine kweItari. In Italy, Hannibal pachake yabudirira nemigumisiro yakanaka, kumanikidza anodedera zita rake rose vomunzvimbo.

Second Punic War akaratidza kuti Hannibal haana kuenzana pakurwa rakashama. Izvi zvinoratidzwa Hondo yoRwizi Ticino uye Trebbia, pedyo Trasimeno Lake uye, chokwadi, kunozivikanwa hondo Cannae, izvo vasonanidza kupinda muchiuto nhoroondo tsvuku neshinda.

The Kurwa fronts akawanda: muItaly, Spain, Sisiri, North Africa uye Macedonia, asi "injini" pamusoro muCarthage dzaro nevatsigiri zvave mauto Hannibal uye pachake. Naizvozvo Rome akaisa pacharo vavariro "ropa" izvozvo, anodzivirira nzira wenhumbi, zvombo uye vavabatsire kuti hondo muItaly. Rome zvaakaita, paakaziva kuti Hannibal kutanga unofanira chiutsi pasina ndokudzika hondo, uye ipapo kupedzisa. The hurongwa akanga hachizobudiriri, asi Rome pamberi pake kutendera mumwe kukundwa pashure perimwe, kunyanya zvakakodzera kuona hondo Cannae. Muhondo iyi muCarthage akagarwa varwi 50,000, Rome - 90 000. The sezvisingaiti akapotsa kaviri, asi kunyange zvakadaro kusanganiswa ukuru muRoma vasingagoni kukunda. Muhondo varwi 70,000 Roman, 16,000 vakatorwa musungwa, apo Hannibal akarasikirwa vanhu 6000 chete vakaurayiwawo.

Zvikonzero pokukundwa muCarthage muna Second Punic War

Pane zvikonzero zvakaita kuti mukukunda Rome. Chekutanga, ichokwadi kuti hondo Carthaginian painyanya kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba varwi, yaiva zvachose asina kukosha ani vari kurwa - vakanga ndichipfeka wabhadharwa. No manzwiro nyika pakati Varwi vaya havana kusiyana vaRoma, avo vaidzivirira yokumusha kwavo.

Chechipiri, kuti Carthaginians pachavo vakanga iri Africa, kazhinji havanzwisisi nei vachida hondo iyi. Muno, zviri rekuUnited Barkidov kupikiswa chakakomba, izvo akashora hondo neRoma. Kunyange pashure hondo Cannae muCarthage oligarchs pasina nechido akatuma vamwe vavabatsire kuti Hannibal, kunyange zvazvo rubatsiro ichi chingava chikuru, uye ipapo Zvaizobuda hondo ingadai yakasiyana. The ndechokuti vanotya kusimbisa simba Hannibal uye kugadzwa udzvinyiriri, shure izvo kwaizoteverwa kubudikidza kuparadzwa oligarchy sechinhu munzanga.

Chechitatu, kumukira uye kunyengera, anovandira pamatanho ose muCarthage, uye kushaya upi chaiye rubatsiro mutsigiri - Macedonia.

Chechina, zviri Chokwadi, kuti shasha yeRoma muchiuto chikoro, izvo muhondo awana ruzivo rwakawanda. Zvisinei, kuRoma, hondo iyi yava chinhu nhamo, pfekai vatarisana yokupona Roman zvokuvhoterwa. Zvikonzero pokukundwa muCarthage muna Second Punic War vanongogona yokuverenga, asi zvose vachatevera kubva izvi 4 huru kunoguma pokukundwa mumwe akasimba mauto nyika yekare.

Kusiyana Rechipiri kubva Punic War First

hondo mbiri dzakanga zvakasiyana zvachose, kunyange vane zvakafanana zita. Yokutanga yakanga chisimba kumativi ose, zvakanga yakazokudziridzwa somugumisiro yairwisana kuRoma uye muCarthage kuti ive akapfuma chitsuwa kweSisiri. Yechipiri yaiva nehasha chete kubva muCarthage, mauto eRoma aivawo akaita basa yorusununguko.

Kuguma Wokutanga Wars Second - kukunda muRoma, abatsira zvikuru kwakaitwa muCarthage, kuisa miganhu. Pashure kuguma Second Punic War, zvinokonzera, pamigumisiro uye nhoroondo kukosha zvakaoma kuona, muCarthage airambidzwa zvachose kuva zvikepe. Akarasa kwose mhiri nezvinhu, izvozvo vakaisa mitero yakakurisa kwemakore 50. Uyezve, aisagona kunorwa pasina mvumo reRoma.

Second Punic War aigona kuchinja nzira kare, kana mukuru mukuru mauto ose Hannibal pakati muCarthage akanga yakawanda yokutsigira mukati munyika. Aigona kuwana Rome. Sezvo izvi zvose akaenda, somugumisiro hondo Cannae Rome aiva nehondo huru inokwanisa kwokurwisa muCarthage, Hannibal, asi kana mauto iripo havana kukwanisa kubata munhu rakavakirwa Rome. Akanga akamirira rutsigiro kubva Africa uye yemuna weboka rokuItari maguta Roma, asi wekutanga kana wechipiri, haana kumirira ...