Rinobwinya kwavabati vose Theodoro Crimea uye akashungurudzwa kuguma

More mazana mashanu asati dzekubhabhatidzwa Rus guta Doris, riri kumaodzanyemba (makomo) chikamu ari Crimean Peninsula, yaiva musimboti chiKristu iyi yakakura Sea Black nharaunda. Gare gare zvakamupoteredza ndakasika yakasiyana rwaro weutungamiriri Theodoro, iyo yakava rokupedzisira zveMagwaro kamwe simba Byzantine Empire, uye guta yechiKristu yekare, akashandura zita rake Mangup guta guru rayo.

The pakuonekwa rwezasi-kumadokero idzva mamiriro kuCrimea

New kwavabati rakaumbwa somugumisiro kuparadzana aimbova Byzantine Colony, iri Crimea, uye kudzora duku Greek mamiriro inonzi Trebizond. Pakazosvika mavambo XIII remakore Constantinople zvikuru akarasika simba raro rehondo pane aikurumidza kushandisa munhu yemumwe Genoese zvakanaka vanokara vakanga vakabata kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu Peninsula. Panguva iyoyo munharaunda hamutongwi kuGenoa, akaumba yakazvimirira mamiriro, dzinotungamirirwa aimbova gavhuna Trabzon uye ainzi hugota Theodoro.

Crimea Chakavanzika kuvanziwa kwatiri zita rake, asi tinoziva kuti murume uyu ari Feodorov imba maviri emakore akatonga guru uye akapa zita kuti rekuUnited hugota. Muvambi ichi mhando - Theodore Gavras, ari Byzantine aristocrat pakati Armenian dzinza, yakasvika kukwirira kwesimba, pashure mu isingasviki makumi maviri nemakore anenge akwanisa chete-handedly kumutsira anopamba uye kusunungura kubva Trabzon akakunda payo Seljuk vokuTurkey, uye akazova mutongi wayo. Simba raiva nhaka, apo somugumisiro dare wezvakashata dzinza roumambo haana kusundwa vanobudirira vakwikwidzi worudzii Comneni.

Ichatonga zvine mbiri aimbova Byzantine nyuchi

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pakutanga pamusoro XIII remakore ari Crimea, munharaunda haana raitungamirwa Genoese, Yakaumbwa yakazvimirira kweutongi Theodoro, ainzi pashure raitonga hwedzinza ikoko. Emerging kubva kuzviisa pasi yawo aimbova nyika amai uye zvinobudirira kuratidza vachirwisa dzakawanda vakundi, akazosvika maviri emakore, akava ichatonga zvine mbiri Orthodoxy uye rudzi kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero echitsuwa Crimean kweItari.

Duchy ndima Anotambanudza pakati pamaguta ano Balaclava uye Alushta, uye yakava guta guru Mangup nhare yekare iyo yakavakwa kare V remakore. Kusvikira ikozvino, matongo ayo zvinokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi gore negore makwai Crimea. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muna kupfuura akanaka nguva kwavabati vemo zvasvika vanhu zana nemakumi mashanu nezviviri izvo zvinenge zvose vaiva Orthodox. Kwavabati vose Theodoro Crimea ethnically painyanya kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba vaGiriki, Goths, Armenian, Russian uye vamiririri nemamwe marudzi Orthodox. Vachikurukura pakati pavo kunyanya Gothic German nomutauro.

Basa vapoteri mugomo hugota upenyu

Crimean kwavabati Theodoro aiva utiziro VaKristu vakawanda Orthodox vakatsvaka kumununura zvisingaiti vaMuslim. Zvikurukuru, vaichengeta chinokosha inflow mushure kubatwa of Seljuk vokuTurkey muByzantium Eastern. Dzemamongi Orthodox Mangup - guru Theodora, zvemamongi vakatama kubva mugomo yemamongi Kapadhokiya, zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye kuparadzwa kwevavengi.

Basa rinokosha paumbwe uye kukura ehurumende vairidza vokuArmenia, vaiva vagari muguta Ani, vakagara Theodoro, pashure nyika yavo aizokundwa Seljuk vokuTurkey. Vamiriri venyika rurefu azvipire tsika, vapoteri ava kwakavandudza hugota rayo ruzivo emakore-kare mumunda wezvokutengeserana uye ounyanzvi.

With chitarisiko chavo, rakanga rakawanikwa dzakawanda parishes ari Armenian Church Orthodox muna feodoritskoy uye Genoese chikamu Crimea. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vokuArmenia zvazova chikuru pakati vanhu Crimea, uyezve muenzaniso uyu vakaramba kunyange pashure pokukundwa wayo hweTurkey.

The simukai youpfumi uye tsika feodorites

Between XIII XV remakore uye unowanzonzi yendarama zera mamiriro ichi. Mazana maviri nemakore hugota Theodoro akakwanisa kukwira kuna chepamusorosoro padanho unyanzvi kuvaka zvichibvumira kuti pfupi nguva dzave chakavakwa unoshamisa mienzaniso zveupfumi, temberi uye nhare mapurani. Kunyanya nemhaka unyanzvi nemhizha, kusika haripindiki wenhare, Theodoret akakwanisa dzinga nechisimba kuvavengi vasingaverengeki.

Crimean Theodoro kwavabati inozivikanwa zvokurima kwayo, kunyanya viticulture uye kugadzirwa waini kuti vaende kure hurumende. Vatsvakurudzi Modern vakachera muchikamu ichi Crimea anoratidza kuti zvinenge nemisha vose vakawanikwa kuchengetera waini uye mazambiringa chewaini. Uyezve, feodorites vaizivikanwa unyanzvi Chikwata uye horticulturists.

Communication Crimean mamiriro pamwe Moscow

Interesting chokwadi - hugota pamusoro Fodor namachinda ake aiva pedyo chaizvo ukama Ancient Rus. Kunyange zvinozivikanwa kuti zvakanga kubva makomo ari kuCrimea rakatanga mhuri dzinoverengeka revatongi, iyo vakaita basa rinokosha munhoroondo wehurumende yedu. Somuenzaniso, kwakabva boyar mhuri wakaburuka kubva Hovrina vakatamira ari XIV remakore kubva Mangupa kuMoscow vamiririri wandei Gavras imba mutongo ikoko. In Russia kwemazana emakore anoverengeka akapiwa kudzora chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu paruzhinji - mari.

Muzana XVI remakore ari mhuri iyi akaparadzanisa matavi maviri, vamiririri icho chiratidzo munhau Russian - ndiye Tretyakovs uye Golovin. Asi kupfuura kuzivikanwa isu Mangupsky Princess Sofya Paleolog, uyo akazova mudzimai Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III. Saka, pane zvikonzero kutaura basa reDare hugota Theodoro nevatongi vayo munhau yeRussia.

Other dzomunyika ukama Theodoro mamiriro

Kunze Russia yekare aiva uye achiri uwandu rinoti, akanga enyika uye zveupfumi noushamwari kwavabati Theodoro. Nhoroondo mukupera Middle Ages rinopupurira ayo pedyo dynastic ukama ruzhinji dzimba raizotonga Eastern Europe. Somuenzaniso, Princess Maria Mangupsky - mutongi hanzvadzi feodorskogo, akava mukadzi Mutongi Moldova Stefana Velikogo, uye hanzvadzi yake akaroorwa wenhaka pachigaro trapezuntskogo.

Life akakombwa nevavengi

Ndichitarira shure munhau, nokusaziva bvunza mubvunzo: sei chiduku gomo kwavabati aigona refu kudzivisa zvakaoma vakundi akadai Yedigei Tatar khans uye Nogai? Pasinei nokuti muvengi akanga akawanda kusanganiswa ukuru, haana chete chizadzike chinangwa kwayo, asi, tatambudzika inorema nezvinhu, akakandwa kubva State. Chete gare gare, dzimwe nzvimbo munyika vaiva pasi pake.

Orthodox kwavabati vose Theodoro Crimea, ndiye mumwe okupedzisira zvimedu Byzantium, zvakakonzera ruvengo uye Genoese vaKaturike, uye Crimean khans. Panyaya iyi, vagari vemo vaigara kugara akagadzirira dzinga utsinye, asi nguva refu kudaro vaisagona kuramba. A duku mamiriro rakombwa nevavengi kumativi ose, kaizoenda.

Nechisimba Peninsula of Turkish nechisimba

Ndawana muvengi pamusoro uyo hugota Theodoro akanga simba. Rakanga hweOttoman Empire, akatapwa nguva zvachose Byzantine Empire vakapisa dzedu zvinotyisa pamusoro wayo vaimbova dzaitongwa. Achipinda nechisimba kunharaunda Crimea, vokuTurkey akabata nyika nyore, vaiva Genoese uye khans vemo akaita vatongi vari pasi ake. The tungamidzana chaiva Theodoret.

Muna 1475 Mangup - guta guru weutungamiriri pakati Theodoro, rakakombwa akasarudza Turkish zvikamu, kusimba kune imwe mauto vatongi vari pasi pavo, ivo Crimean khans. Panguva musoro vehondo iyi zviuru vakamira Gedik Ahmed Pasha, akanga zvava inozivikanwa okukunda ake pamusoro pamhenderekedzo Bosphorus. Rakabatwa gobvu mhete vavengi, guta guru gomo wehurumende kuratidza yakakuwandira zvavo kwemwedzi mishanu.

The inosuruvarisa denouement

In kudzivirira guta kunze vagari vayo, mauto mazana matatu akatora chikamu, nechinangwa kuti zvomuMoldova mutongi Stephen Mukuru, vakaroorwa Princess Maria pamusoro Mangup uye nokudaro akanga ari Theodora ukama. Ichi boka vokuMoldova vakaburukira munhau se "mazana matatu Spartans of Crimea." Iye, achitsigirwa vagari vemo akakwanisa kukunda hweOttoman vepamusoro kwedzimba - imwe hondo pakati Janissaries. Asi nokuda kusanganiswa ukuru muvengi zvaitika aiva foregone mhedziso.

Pashure kudzivirira wakareba Mangup achiri mumaoko evavengi. Akundikana vabudirire muhondo akazaruka, vokuTurkey akareva nekusimba nzira - ndokuvhara yose nzira chokuendesa zvokudya, vakanga vatora guta uye ayo nhare nenzara. Pakati gumi nezvishanu Vagari hafu guru munguva pfupi kuparadzwa, uye vamwe varanda.

zvizvarwa feodorites

Nechekare pashure akawa Mangup uye yakasimbiswa hweOttoman ushe, kunyange emakore akawanda akaramba Orthodox nemunharaunda Panyika, apo hugota Theodoro pamberi. Dambudziko pano, kunyimwa navo vazhinji kare akavaka temberi uye dzimba dzemamongi, asi haana kumanikidzwa kusiya chitendero wamadzibaba avo. Zvizvarwa vaya vokutanga navanhu izvozvo akanyura mugomba yokukanganwa wehurumende vakakwanisa kuchengeta yakanaka netsika Horticulture.

Vacharamba vachiwedzera gorosi uye kuita ounyanzvi. Kana ari XVIII remakore Catherine II chirevo pamusoro kwemahofisi yose yechiKristu Vagari wenharaunda Russia, saka irreparable kurwadzisa kuti upfumi Crimea. Vagari uyewo yokumusha kwavo idzva chamuita kuti vaviri vakaparadzana nenyika masangano - Don Azov vaGiriki uye vokuArmenia.

akanganwa kare

Kweutongi pamusoro Theodoro, nhoroondo uko chete maviri chete emakore, richiripo dzayo kamwe-simba guru Trebizond uye kunyange Constantinople. Kuva yokupedzisira nhare Orthodoxy muna Crimea, hugota kwemwedzi vakaramba yakakuwandira hukuru mauto muvengi uye akawira chete pashure uchimhanya zvose zvinobvira mberi kurwisa.

Kunoita mwoyo kuti Feat vanhu asingatyi akapotsa havana kurarama mu ndangariro zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kunyange chii chaiva zita Crimean guru weutungamiriri pakati Theodoro. Modern vagari vanogara nzvimbo, zvinonzi havaratidzi kuudzwa pamusoro umhare zviitiko, airidza mariri mashanu nehafu emakore akapfuura. vashanyi chete ndinorova matongo ane nhare yekare, kuteerera nyaya navo vatungamiriri uye verenga pfupiso richaitirwa zvavo mavara tubhuku.