Solovetsky chigaro: zuva, chikonzero

The pakati XVII remakore segwapa muupenyu yeRussian Orthodox Church, chiitiko chinokosha - the kuchinja Patriarch Nikon dzechitendero. Its Migumisiro vakaita basa rinokosha munhau reRussia tevera. Kubatanidza tsika divi pakunamata uye nokudaro kuridza zvakanaka basa, aiva chikonzero vechitendero schism munzanga. The kupfuura unoshamisa kuoneka vaigaramo aiva yemuna pakati ari Solovetsky wemamonk, vaimudana Solovetsky chigaro.

Chikonzero zvinhu

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XVII mukereke upenyu munyika panodikanwa kuchinja mumabhuku minamato. Panguva iyoyo vari kushandiswa ndiwo mazita chete shanduro mabhuku Greek yekare, vakauya kuna Russia pamwe pakagadzwa chiKristu. Kusati kwatombova zvokudhinda, vakanga nemaoko. Kazhinji basa rake Vaikopa akaita zvikanganiso, uye kwemazana emakore pane chinokosha siyana kubva pakutanga zvinyorwa.

Somugumisiro ichi - the yeko uye wemamongi vafundisi vaiva siyana utariri basa mabasa, vose akaita navo nenzira dzakasiyana. mamiriro ezvinhu aya vasingagoni kuramba. Somugumisiro, shanduro itsva kubva muchiGiriki, uye ipapo kudzokororwa ne zvokudhinda akaitwa. Izvi vaipa kufanana inoitwa pamusoro pavo yechechi. mabhuku ose yapfuura akanzi ndedzenhema. Uyewo, envisaged kuchinja uye shanduko rairo muchinjikwa. Aimbova - zvigunwe zviviri yakatsiva nemimwe mitatu.

The chidzoke kereke paradzanisa

Saka kuchinja akabata chete tsika divi upenyu weChechi pasina kukanganisa kwaro kuomesa musoro chikamu, asi zvakaitwa akaturikidzana akawanda vanhu aiva asina. Paiva aparadzane pakati vaya vakagamuchira kuchinja, uye ayo zamu vavengi aiti kuti wakasiyiwa zvakagadzirwa kuparadza kutenda kwechokwadi, uye saka vakanga vachibva Satani.

Somugumisiro, vanhu vaipikisa vakatuka Patriarch Nikon, uyowo akavapa rushambwa. Nyaya akatora kukuputswa chijana nokuti kuti zvokuchinja havana kuuya chete kubva Patriarch, asi kuburikidza chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich (baba Petro I), uye naizvozvo kuramba kwaiva Kumukira hurumende, uye saka kwagara muRussia migumisiro inosuruvarisa .

Solovetsky chigaro. Brief pamusoro wayo zvinokonzera

Vose Russia iyoyo yakapinda kukakavadzana dzechitendero. Kumukira, akadana Solovki chigaro - mhinduro vagari iri zvitsuwa White Sea Solovetsky Monastery oedza kumanikidza hurumende kuti mudzi mairi kugadzwa itsva zvinhu. Zvakatanga muna 1668.

Kuti anokunyaradza chitsuwa inondimukira musi May 3 iye asvika ari yokuzviparadzanisa pasi murayiro wamambo musketeers Volokhova vehurumende, asi akasangana ne ruzha. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti wemamongi yakatangwa pano kwete chete somuzinda zvokunamata, asi uyewo simba kuzvidzivirira marongerwo - boka revarwi vanorinda munzira kuwedzera Swedish.

Solovetsky chigaro rinomiririrwa kuhurumende dambudziko rakakura nokuti zvose vaigara wemamongi mamongi, uye paiva 425 vanhu, vakanga uto unyanzvi hwakakwana. Mukuwedzera, panguva yavo dziripo rakazoshandiswa, pfuti uye yakawanda zvombo. Sezvo nyaya Swedish kukomba nevanozvitsigira yaigona kubviswa kubva kunze kwenyika, iri wedzimba wemamongi iri aigara guru zvokudya. Nemamwe mashoko - kutora nhare nechisimba zvakanga zvisiri nyore.

makore rokutanga kukombwa wemamongi

Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna Hurumende, kwemakore anoverengeka, hakuna atora zvokuita uye kutarisira rugare mugumisiro. Complete blockade pakati wemamongi hwakagadzwa, izvo akabvumira nevanozvitsigira kuti restock zvokudya. Mukuwedzera, vakanga vakabatana nedzimwe vaipikisa zhinji pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye vakapukunyuka yemuna Stepana Razina, izvo chete achangobva woutsinye. Somugumisiro Solovetsky chigaro kubva gore negore iri kuwana vatsigiri vatsva.

Pashure-gore mana harina zvibereko kuedza kuputsa kurwisa nehurumende mupanduki akatuma zvimwe uto inotungamirwa akawanda. Muzhizha 1672 pachitsuwa tikamira 725 musketeers pasi murayiro vehurumende Ievleva. Saka, uri kurutivi rakakombwa nhare akazviratidza vashoma, asi kunyange haana kupa chero zvaioneka zvabuda.

Intensification rehondo

Last refu, Chokwadi, vakasagona. Pasinei zvose ushingise vanotsigira wemamongi, Solovetsky chigaro rakarongerwa, sezvo hazvibviri vaparadzane, kunyange boka guru revanhu, kundorwa mamiriro yose muchina. Muna 1673 maererano nomurau wamambo kudzvinyirira kwakaitika Sea White akasvika gavhuna Ivan Meshcherin - vanhu vakasimba uye utsinye. Aiva yakaoma atenderwa kutora zvikuru basa matanho agumise yemamongi kuzvidzora kuda. Naye akauya mumwe, uye chisimbiso.

On kwaro nzvimbo kunokurumidziswa yekudyidzana kunetse. Voivod akagadza zvachose blockade wakakombwa, akagura migero yose kutaurirana chete kunze nyika. Uyezve, kana mumakore apfuura nokuda kwazvo frosts ari kukomba yechando rakabvisirwa uye vapfuri vakatungamirira patsime iri Sumy kujeri, zvino blockade yakatora gore rose. Nokudaro Solovetsky chigaro kunyimwa kwavo nechouviri ezvinhu.

Anoedza yemamongi kurwisa

Ivan Meshcherin aiva noruzivo uye nounyanzvi warlord uye akarongeka pakukombwa ose mitemo uto art. Around masvingo wemamongi atirari mabhatiri kunge yakaiswa, vakamuita kuchera pasi shongwe. Vakanga vakaedza kakawanda taramba nhare, asi vakanga unonyangadzwa. Somugumisiro vanoshingaira ruvengo uye nevanozvitsigira uye nharirire akatambura anokosha nezvinhu. Asi dambudziko iri kuti hurumende yave kukwanisa sezvo zvakafanira kuti vazadze kurasikirwa mauto ake uye nevanozvitsigira havana izvozvo, uye nhamba yavo iri kuramba huchidzikira.

Kumutengesa, iyo yakava chinokonzera kukundwa

Pakutanga 1676 zvakanzi kamwe zvakare kutora tsamwisa kumonasitiri, asi zvakanga kubudirira. Zvisinei, ava kusvika awa apo vachatitaka pakupedzisira anodzvinyirirwa rake pachake umhare Solovetsky chigaro. Date January 18 raiva zuva rakasviba munhau yacho. A mutengesi anonzi Teoctist akaratidza gavhuna Mescherinovu muchivande ndima, izvo zvinogona kupinda wemamongi. Haana kurasikirwa mukana uye akatora mukana nayo. Soon vouta kukupfura akaputsa muimba yemauto. Ashamisika kuti nevanozvitsigira vakatadza kupa zvakakwana nemishonga, uye vazhinji vakaurayiwa muhondo pfupi asi vanotyisa.

Vaya vakaramba vari vapenyu, vakamirira chinosuruvarisa mugumo. Voivod aiva anehasha, uye pashure penguva pfupi kutongwa vatungamiri yokupanduka uye ayo nhengo aurayiwe. Vamwe akapedza mazuva avo kure jails. Izvi rinogumisa akakurumbira Solovetsky chigaro. Zvikonzero rwakamuita - Ecclesiastical kuchinja uye hurumende policies vanachandagwinyira zvainanga wayo Implementation achabatsirawo zvakawanda kupesana muupenyu Russia kwemakore akawanda.

Kukura nokuwedzera Old Vatendi

Munguva iyi, pane chitsva chidimbu yose vanhu rinonzi Old Vatendi, kana zvimwe - kuzvikudza. Kudzingirirwa nehurumende, vachaenda kune mhiri-Volga masango, iri Urals uye kuSiberia, uye usapindwa vateveri - kutora rufu nokuzvidira nomoto. Kuramba simba ramambo uye simba nekereke pamutemo, vanhu ava upenyu hwavo richengetedzwe kuti aiziva "umwari yekare." Uye nguva dzose muenzaniso kuti vasingateereri mamongi ari wemamongi muGungwa White.