Solovetsky yemamongi. The nhoroondo Solovetsky Monastery

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvomudzimu dzakakwirira Russian North. Solovetsky Islands ruchiri kukangaidza uye kukwezva kwete chete nokuda kworunako kwayo uye rakakura akazaruka dzezvimwe, asiwo nyaya yepakutanga.

masvingo Local yeuka mameseji, asi kwete zvishoma uye mufaro. Kuuya pano, iwe uchava vanoshamba kuva rungano nezviratidzo kuziva chaizvo zvinorehwa mweya wokuRussia.

Pearl Orthodoxy

Akadyara hermits matatu muchitokisi mushure emakore akawanda akaita rakavapo kupinda munyika pfuma. Mamiriyoni vechinamato kuuya nerimwe gore kuona zvinoshamisa nyika. temberi iyi panguva yaro kuvapo kwakaita kuendesa rechiuto nenhare, mutorongo uye musasa, apo vakaisa kwakaita vanhu.

Zvisinei, hapana aigona kuputsa mweya mamongi. Nhasi, pashure pemakore akawanda vari wemamongi kuwana pokudzorerwa, yakabereka zvakasiyana siyana pakunamata uye youtorwa, mabasa dzinoitwa uye akatakura shoko raMwari kusvika pevamwe.

nzvimbo

Solovetsky Monastery iri pazvitsuwa zvina rezvitsuwa iri muGungwa White. Siyana zvivakwa, kwakavakirwa uye dzemamongi dziri huru uye zviduku zvidimbu nyika.

The kukuru nokunaka kwenzvimbo rwoga kuchinja pfungwa dzevanhu pakunamata. Hazvishamisi, maererano nengano, vose zvivako wemamongi kumira panzvimbo nezvishamiso uye kuzarurirwa chakaitika.

Saka, musi Big Solovetsky Island uye Ascension vari Savvatiy Skit uye Filippovskaya, Makarii uye Isaakovskaya gwenga.

On the Big Muksalma yaiva Segiyo wemamongi. Pano, akaisa temberi muzita St. Segiyo pamusoro Radonezh. Panewo wemamongi purazi Kuvakira mudonzvo nhengo. Zvitsuwa maviri aya zvakabatana ne zambuko inonzi "Stone Bridge".
On Anzere vari Ereazari kurenje, Utatu, uye Gorogota-Kuroverwa Skete.
Big Rabbit Island akapa pokugara St. Andrew mugwenga.

Unorema zvivako ndowenyika 17-18 emakore, asi vakanga vavaka pasi peDare mamongi pamusoro nzvimbo chakasakara zvivako akare.

Uyewo Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky wemamongi, kana yakavakirwa zvinyorwa yomumwe gumi farmsteads. Vakagara kunyanya kuchamhembe parishes yeRussian Empire.

Remubatanidzwa - mumwe akafanana bazi yemamongi. Community, akaparadzaniswa chindingindingi uye kurarama kunze dzakafuridzirwa ndima. Asi ivo kukudza bumbiro huru wemamongi.

To musi, ina chete nhengo yemamongi - muMoscow, Arkhangelsk naKemueri Faustovo (musha rakamiswa kwete kure Moscow).

Nokuti Mapilgrim zvinokosha kuziva kuti mvumo kunodiwa kuenda Solovetsky wemamongi. How kusvika nayo? Achipa magwaro nemamwe hanya yemanyorero kutora pamusoro sangano. Naizvozvo, pane zviviri zvokusarudza: kubhadhara ane ruzivo rwavakaita opareta, zvichiguma ose basa rinoitwa here, kana kuti kuenda, kuedza kuwana zvose pachako. Nzira yokutanga inodhura uye dzichimhanya, wechipiri - zviri isingadhuri uye hwakareba.

The nhoroondo Solovetsky Monastery

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky wemamongi yakatanga kusvika remakore rechi15. Rakanga muna 1429, mamongi matatu akaisa uye akavaka musero rokutanga. Papera kanguva mumwe wavo, Savvatii, reposed, uye vamwe vaviri - Herman uye Zosimus - shure Big Solovetsky Island.

Nguva pfupi pashure paizvozvo, vaiva chiratidzo kereke huru iri kumabvazuva kumucheto chacho. chechi yemapuranga yakavakwa, uye sixties remakore iroro, Zosima akanga paakavapa chitupa of Novgorod Archbishop Jona. Maererano gwaro, zvino chitsuwa, yakapoteredza nyika uye remangwana wemamongi dzakapiwa isingachinji nhaka wemamongi.

Mumakore akatevera apera Zosima uye Herman norugare. The mamongi of Solovetsky wemamongi vakatambura simba ravo mune zvikuru akaronga vakagara sezvo zvisaririra Savvatii, uyo vakashaya muna 1435 mumusha weSoroca, pedyo nemhenderekedzo.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu pano kare kutanga makwai zvipo neavo simba uye kutsausa meso wenhoroondo dzoupenyu. Saka, dzaiita zvokutaurwa nengano St. Herman aiva hwaro yamashoko kuvambwa wemamongi Dosifeya. Pahwaro gwaro iri muna 1503 kwaiva kutanga muunganidzwa upenyu Solovetsky pervonachalnikov.
Muna 1478, wemamongi akagamuchira sechipo "akakunda Kudzingwa bhero German", inova nhasi remabhuku anozivikanwa vemauto mikombe Russian.

Muna 1479 chevaux Ivan Vasilievich vanotyisa pachake hunotendera nderechokwadi zvitupa muridzi uye chipikiranai ayo timelessness kwokunyunyuta ake.

Chii raiva tsars Russian

A yakafanana mamiriro muGungwa White aiva kwehwamanda kadhi iri mumaoko Moscow vatongi. Chokutanga, achibatsirwa shamwari yacho Solovetsky Monastery tidies upfumi upenyu nharaunda. Kugona Pomerania pasina rubatsiro wemamongi raisazova saka nokukurumidza uye pasina chinovhiringidza.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, wemamongi vatiitire zvose zvinobvira rubatsiro. soro chinzvimbo chake chinogona kuoneka neSvondo panguva. Havasi vose aionekwa guta nani guru, asi Solovetsky wemamonk pamepu kunokonzeresa anoratidzwa.

Muvambi wemamongi muna Moscow Church aigamuchirwa vatsvene, uye kutora chikamu youmambo chipiriso zvipo. Zvose izvi raiva marapirwo, zvinosuwisa.
Kutanga muzana remakore rechi16, mumwe kunzwisisa basa inowira pamapfudzi vagari idzi. Kunze nyaya chokuita zvatinosiita basa wemamongi, ndaifanira kukurira erection wakakombwa. Date shure pakati ichi remakore, wokutanga ibwe zvivako. kuvakwa All aiva mutariri abbot Philippe, yakanga Hermitage yake iri pamusoro Big Solovetsky Island.

Mumakore 1560-1570 wemamongi anonzi "nhare guru mamiriro", pano rwunotumirwa mukuru Trifon (Kologriv munyika), zvikuru unyanzvi ezvivako nemainjiniya nemauto nguva. Ndiye aitarisira pakusikwa zvivako uye masvingo pachitsuwa, kudanana kubva navatanhatu remakore.

Sezvo hwokumusoro boka ravarwi Orthodoxy uye muganhu wenyika pamwe nyika dzokuEurope, kuti Solovetsky Islands vasiri chete aisa muvengi rengarava. Pakutanga, zvikepe British akaswedera, makore mashoma gare gare mufaro aedza armáda Swedish. Vose vakanga varamba.

Mukuwedzera, zviremera zvehurumende vakaedza kushandisa masvingo simba pamusoro wemamongi wakazara. Saka, kubva pamugumo nemitanhatu remakore, pano vari kutanga dzinga nenhamba ndisingadiwi. Saka, chitsuwa chiri aoma kutora pamusoro mashandiro mutorongo.

Remubatanidzwa Solovetsky yemamongi dzimba anopfuura chiuru chimwe uta nezvombo. simba zvakadaro aifanira kuramba, saka Imperial chirevo kubva wemamongi aita basa basa uye zvakavakodzera. Zvose pfungwa chete vaifanira zvionera oparesheni. Kureva, nhare ichi chaiva kushanda kwenguva refu ari kukomba muoti kusvikira rubatsiro auya. Uye rubatsiro kuenda kure!

Zvisinei, madzimambo uye havana kutarisira kuti achasika pacharo dambudziko. Zvakatanga nechechi kuchinja uye paradzanisa. Vazhinji mamongi kubvuma mitemo mutsva vanoshandura Solovetsky yemamongi iri nhare kutenda yekare. Gare gare ivo wevashumiri vakasara akakundwa mauto Stenki Razina.

Great Kuedza tsarist mauto January 1676, mujeri achiri yatorwa. Vose mhosva utungamiriri yemuna vakaurayiwa, chitoro dzichapambwa, uye mamiriro oga. Kubvira nguva - makore matatu - - vanenge makumi maviri wemamongi ndokuwira kunyadziswa.

Kudzoka kune yaimbova nzvimbo chete akatanga yaitonga Peter Mukuru. By ichi kuvakwa nguva ndiye Gorogota-Kuroverwa skite.

Russian kumwedzi

Zvisinei, aimbova ukuru uye simba nevarwi Solovetsky Monastery uye haana kugamuchira. The nadzurudzo akawanda munyika ikavharwa muna 1764, mumisha uye matunhu. Uyezve, vakaraira waidzora yevagari yezvitsuwa iyi. Umambo ndisisadi kubata dzisingambosvikiki nhare yokuti vazadze yanyadziswa mumongi.

Muna 1765, akava stavropegic uye hwakatamisirwa kuzviisa pasi ari kumusangano, asi abbots vachiri archimandrites.

Muna 1814 muchivanze Solovetsky Monastery akasunungurwa kubva pfuti, akatema uwandu nhengo ravarwi, uye akagara kunze kubva mazita aripo nhare.

Zvisinei, zvakavakwa munguva Itsva Age rusvingo weathered ari Anglo-French rakakombwa munguva Crimean War. Raiva ichangobva kurwisa vatorwa vavengi pamasvingo wemamongi.

Pashure pezana-namapfumbamwe remakore, wemamongi kuri kuva huru Kukwezva munzvimbo nokuda vafambi. Pano anouya mambo pachake uye boka racho ake, vemifananidzo uye vamiriri. Akavaka Holy Trinity Cathedral.
Muna 1886, kuchikumbaridzo wemamongi rakasvika wokupedzisira murwi veboka ravarwi. Kubva panguva ino pamusoro mamiriro nhare aigona kuva mubvunzo. Akagara akava mu zvizere pfungwa pakati zvokunamata yeRussian North.

Remakore rechimakumi maviri atanga nokuti Solovki akabudirira chaizvo. In yavo yakanga vanopfuura gumi nevaviri machechi, maawa matatu, zvikoro zviviri, mumwe orwiyo Solovetsky yemamongi, munhu botanical bindu. Uyezve, nokuti vakagara pakati zvigayo matanhatu, chigayo, kupfuura gumi dzakasiyana webasa okudhindira.

On ndima yayo kushanda vanopfuura chiuru uye akawanda zana zvomushandi vakaripira vanatenzi. Mugore, wemamongi akaita nehondo vanopfuura zviuru gumi vatendi, uye vakadzi vakanga vasingabvumirwi mukati. Vaigara noruwa. Pamusoro zvose, vari nhaka wemamongi rakanga 4 steamer.

Panguva yaitonga Soviet Union

Kufanana zvose kwakafanotaurwa chete nomufaro uye kufara upenyu nokuda mamongi. Mari - regai kuverenga, ivo bins akazara zvinhu uye nenhumbi. Makaguta, nounyoro, vasingakendengi.

Zvisinei, mugumo woupenyu wokudenga akaisa yaOctober Revolution muna 1917. Akauya zviremera pachena hondo iri chechi uye vashumiri ayo. Muna 1920, ivo Commission of Red Army rinotungamirirwa musidhari, wakaparadza Solovetsky wemamonk, asi akazivisa papurazi pano uye musasa chibharo "Solovki".

"Solovki Special Chinangwa Camp" - Kubva 1923, Elephant akatanga kushanda zvivako zvakawanda. It yavharwa zvematongerwe kunaka zvose. Per mativi mita wejeri mabhishopi yakanga kupfuura yose Russia takawanda.

Rinotyisa mujeri vaisanganisa ne kungopfura kakawanda uye kuponda. Bullying uye kurwadziwa haana kurega, zuva kana usiku. A musasa chipatara muna Gorogota-Crucifixion wemamongi, zvizere zvinoenderana rokuremekedza.

Mumazuva kunamata okutanga dzakabvumirwa muchechi kuti akasara mumwe ari oga shamwari dzavo, aishanda papurazi, asi muna 1932 pakupedzisira mumongi akaendeswa kuutapwa huru.

Panguva makore thirties vakaurayiwa Zvaifadza nhamba yevanhu pano, vakawanda vakanga vasina nzira wokushora.

Kubva 1937 kusvika 1939 pano akagadzirisa ibwe - mujeri chinangwa chinokosha, anorarama kwazvo kusvika zita raro. Uye panguva Second World War paiva dzidziso Corps of Navy Soviet Union.

kupora

Basa iri kudzorerwa wemamongi zvakaoma yakatanga muna sixties remakore rechimakumi maviri. Muna 1974 ndipo rakaumbwa enhoroondo uye zviwanikwa reserves.

kunakidza chaizvo uye kujairika kukwezvana akakura Anzer chitsuwa. Sokunge nokutungamirira kwaMwari panzvimbo apo zviremera vairambidzwa mapfumo, pane kudaro chishamiso. Nyatsoongorora photo, ari Solovetsky wemamongi - chete anogona kuzvikudza pamusoro Birch akadaro.

Pakaparara Soviet Union wakamutsiridzwa yemamongi kwevanhu uye vagere. October 25, 1990 akanga pamutemo akaparidza kudzorerwa Zosimo-Savvatiy Solovetsky wemamongi Stauropegial. The akatanga mumongi mazita vakapiwa zvichienderana mijenya. Zvino rava chinhu chinokosha tsika.

Muna 1992, nhoroondo uye mapurani Monument kunobatanidzwa pakati UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kuramba rokuvakazve basa uye shongwe kuyeukwa michinjikwa pasi mukuru njodzi. vakafira vazhinji vokutanga Soviet Union vakanga somusande.

Muna 2001, tateguru Vose Russia seizvi Alexy II pachake akagadza Solovetsky wemamongi.
Sei kwaari, zvino hanya vechinamato mazhinji, nokuti namolennoe kuburikidza kutambura, uye naizvozvo nzvimbo aine incredible simba.

Kuti mashoko: kusvika kuzvitsuwa anogona kunge pamusoro pemvura kana mudenga. Pane nzira mbiri huru inoshandiswa vagari, vafambi, vashanyi - mu Arkhangelsk naKemueri kuburikidza (ekupedzisira chete panguva wekushandisa).

Mujinga yemamongi muMoscow

Second zita ekuti yemamongi - Church of St. George ari Vakakunda mumupata. It riri seri Moscow River. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi Lower Chikwata.
chechi yokutanga repuranga rakaumbwa pano munguva Ioanna Vasilevicha Groznogo. Asi akumbirwa Archbishop Elassonskogo, uyo akasvika pamwe rekupinda kudare muna 1588, chechi ibwe yakavakwa panzvimbo yayo.

Pakutanga nemanomwe remakore, sapakereke akawanda mujeri ichi akasikwa kuti "vakaipa."

Temberi ikakura nguva. Nokuti remakore, kubva pakati remakore rechi17, maiva makamuri maviri kuisa - muzita paMhandara Mariya Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Zvisinei, nokuda uwane proleganiya pasi pasi bhero, zviri pakuguma nemisere remakore yakadhirika, uye vakawira refectory. About hafu yezana remakore, zvemamongi kuita pasina zvivako izvi zviviri, apo mumwe vomuchechi vakasafamba kuisa bhero shongwe.

Rakanga rakavakwa panzvimbo yakasimba, saka muchivanze Solovetsky wemamonk muMoscow aiva zvishoma kure kubva turret.

Berere, izvo nhasi unoshanda wemamongi, yakavakwa 1836.
Muna 1908 chechi kamwe zvakare vakapona dambudziko. Nokuda mafashamo rwizi rwakanga ruzere bhesimendi, masvingo akaumba makatsemuka.

The mifananidzo, iro rakatanga kuparara, vakadzorerwa chete pashure pemakore maviri.
Uyezve, zvinoitwa temberi yaiva chipatara, chikoro uye aidzidzisa kuti aimbova muchiuto.
Kereke wakashanda kusvikira 1935, uye mumakore Soviet Union, pane unyanzvi sangano.

Zviri nanhasi

Solovetsky wemamonk muMoscow nhasi chakamuka pasi huru wemamongi wemamongi muGungwa White. Recovery kwakaitika muna 1992.

Kazhinji basa rake riri chokuita nokutsigira uye dzigadziridzwe wemamongi pachitsuwa. Mukutanga kuma1990 paiva kugadzirira basa chokuita kuchinjwa zvisaririra zvevasande kuna Solovki. Uyezve zvivako vakadzorerwa, kuiswa muhurongwa.

Makore gumi pashure chichikosha vaitwe vatsvene vose dzimba, akavaka Kunamata muchinjikwa, makubhiti gumi kumusoro.

Muna 2003 mairi vachinzi kupemberera mukuru 350th gore kuvambwa Church of Wokuzvarwa Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary, randakapiwa hwaro haizopereri kukura temberi.

Uye panguva Easter 2006, zvakanga chaipiwa kuruzhinji kuratidzwa novosdelanny iconostasis mu tiers shanu.

The chikuru rutumba ndiyo icon of Solovetsky chishamiso vashandi pamwe zvinoera. basa rimwe nerimwe riri panhongonya chikumbiro kwaari, uye ungano kureva mufananidzo.
Uyewo, pane imba yokudhinda, mubasa kusunungurwa "Solovki nhume", postcards uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadhindwa pamusoro vaitamba mutambo Christmas nevamwe mazuva makuru dzvene. Calendars, rine mifananidzo, Solovetsky Monastery anoita yakaisvonaka zvikuru uye yepakutanga.

chechi upenyu

Hwaro mabasa Moscow wemamongi dzidzo uye kurovedza muduku vomuchechi. On nharaunda pane chikoro Sunday, apo vana vanodzidza pamwe chete kubva 6 kusvika 13 makore. urongwa Calendar kudzidza wavhomorwa kumusoro maererano canons kwechiKristu uye vakanovharirwa mazororo zvose echitendero.
Vabereki pachavo kuronga zvokudya vadzidzi.

Uyewo anoshanda fotokruzhok, izvozvo pamwe firimu chikoro Moscow.
Mukuwedzera, muna 2011, vakaronga kufamba uye bhazi Tours of Moscow zvinotyisa. Mumwe excursions Somuenzaniso - Ivan anotyisa, uye St Philip.

Kusimuka kutora nzvimbo muchivanze pedyo, muna Faustovo uye muna Kolomenskoye. Nzendo All vari chete chokuita nenhoroondo uye kushanda wemamongi. Uyewo, mumwe mishomanana, vateveri kutakura Mapilgrim kuna Solovetsky Islands.

Chinangwa nzendo idzi vasina chete rokudzidzisa, asi pakunamata. Mushure revashanyi, vose vanogona kugara uye kubvunza mushumiri zvose mibvunzo. Achapindura kwavari, kana, kana kukoka kuti chiitiko.

Kunamata akasungwa daily uye yokunamata - kanoverengeka pavhiki. Uye Akapiwa, musi neChina, pane akanyanyisa kuzodzwa.