Raoul Wallenberg: Biography, mapikicha, mhuri

"Vakarurama Pakati Pemamwe Marudzi" - izita muna 1963, akanga paakanga afa paakavapa ari Wenyika Swedish akaponesa makumi ezviuru zvevaJudha panguva Holocaust, uye akafa mujeri veSoviet kujeka ezvinhu.

Uyu zita - Gustav Wallenberg Raul, uye anofanira kuva vanhu vakawanda vaiziva pamusoro Feat wake, inova muenzaniso Humanism kwechokwadi.

Raoul Wallenberg: Family

Future Wenyika akaberekwa muna 1912 muguta Swedish Kappsta, pedyo Stockholm. Baba mukomana vamboonana sezvo Navy mupurisa Raoul Oscar Wallenberg akafa mukati 3 months kubva kenza kusvikira mudyi wenhaka. Saka akarerwa naamai vake - May Wallenberg.

Family Raoul Gustav yemadzibaba aizivikanwa kuSweden Ndakatengesa vazhinji Swedish mari uye vamiriri. Kunyanya, panguva yokuberekwa mukomana sekuru vake - Gustav Wallenberg - yaiva nyika yake mumiririri kuJapan.

Panguva iyoyowo rwaamai Raul ndewedzinza mutengesi ainzi Bendix, anonzi mumwe havaoni yechiJudha muna Sweden. Zvisinei, Wallenberg tateguru kamwe wokurera Lutheranism, saka vana vake vose nevazukuru vaiva vaKristu.

Muna 1918 May Vising Wallenberg vakaroorwazve nokuti Swedish Ministry of Health mukuru Fredrik of Dardel. In muchato uyu vakaberekerwa mwanasikana Nina uye mwanakomana Guy of Dardel, uyo akazova yefizikisi yenyukireya. Raul akanga rombo ake vokurera, nokuti vakamuitira saizvozvo sezvo chizvarwa vana.

inotungamirwa

Education vakomana ainyanya paaivatambudza sekuru. Pakutanga akanga akatuma kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, uye ipapo kuFrance. Somugumisiro, panguva kubvuma kuti University of Michigan muna 1931, rimwe jaya akataura mitauro inoverengeka. Ikoko akadzidza mapurani uye pakupedzisira yakagamuchira menduru kuti dzidzo.

Business

Kunyange mhuri Raul Wallenberg harudikanwi mu vezvenhau kundoita yepamusoro munzanga Swedish, muna 1933, akaedza kuwana raramo. Saka somudzidzi, akaenda kuna Chicago, uko iye aishanda metende "Chicago yenyika zvakanaka."

Ndapedza, muna 1935, Raoul Wallenberg akadzokera Stockholm uye akatora mugove makwikwi pool muzvirongwa takapedza munzvimbo yechipiri.

Zvadaro, kuti varege kukanganisa sekuru anoda kuona anobudirira bhenga Raoul, akasarudza kuti hunoshanda ruzivo mune zvokutengeserana uye kuenda kuCape Town, kwaakawana ndanyoresa pane imwe kambani huru kuti anotengesa zvokuvakisa. Pamusoro kuvakwa internship kwaiva kwakajeka apindure muridzi wekambani, chii anofara chaizvo Gustav Wallenberg, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nhume Sweden kuTurkey.

The sekuru akawana anodiwa muzukuru basa idzva repamusoro mu "mashoko chiDutch bhengi" muna Haifa. Ikoko Raoul Wallenberg akasangana vaJudha vaduku. Vakatiza kubva Nazi Germany uye akataura pamusoro kutambudzwa uko kwakanyorwa pachena. Musangano uyu akaita gamba nyaya yedu kunzwisisa ukama hwavo majini nevaJudha nevanhu uye akaita basa rinokosha mune ramangwana rake.

Raoul Wallenberg: A Biography (Makore 1937-1944)

"The Great Depression" kuSweden yakanga isiri nguva yakanakisisa chouviri somunhu mapurani, saka jaya akasarudza kutanga bhizimisi ravo pachavo uye akatema kukurira muJudha German. The Enterprise kwakakundikana, uye hazvifaniri kusiyiwa asina basa, Raul akatendeukira sekuru vake Jakobho, uyo akapa muzukuru wake muJudha kunofanira Kalman Lauer Central European wokutengesera kambani. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare Vallenberg Raul rave shamwari yacho muridzi wekambani uye mumwe vatungamirire ayo. Panguva iyi vaiwanzofamba kuburikidza Europe uye raitya zvaakaona Germany uye munyika yaigarwa nevaNazi.

nedzenyu basa

Sezvo makore iwayo kuSweden, munhu wose aiziva kuti mhuri anouya muduku Wallenberg (vamiriri youmambo), muna July 1944, Raul akagadzwa munyori nedzenyu basa munyika yake muBudapest yokutanga. Ikoko akawana nzira yokubatsira vaJudha veko, uyo akanga achimirira rufu; vakapa Swedish "mapasipoti unodzivirira", iro rakapa varidzi mamiriro vanogara Sweden, achimirira kudzorerwa kunyika yokumusha kwavo.

Uyezve, akakwanisa nechokwadi vamwe Wehrmacht vemauto kupindira mirairo yavo vehondo kuti aina kusvika rufu mumisasa vokuparidzira of Budapest cram. Nokudaro aikwanisa kuponesa upenyu vaJudha vakanga vachienda kuuraya pamberi vasvike Red Army. Pashure pehondo, zvakanzi zvinofungidzirwa kuti somugumisiro nezviito ake vakaponeswa vanenge zviuru 100 vanhu. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti chete muBudapest nemasoja eSoviet vakasangana vaJudha 97 zviuru, nepo vose 800,000 vaJudha Hungarian vakapona 204,000 chete. Saka, vanenge hafu yavo chikwereti ruponeso hwavo Swedish Wenyika.

Njodzi Wallenberg pashure kusunungurwa Hungary kubva nevaNazi

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, kuti uchenjeri Soviet yaiitisa zvokuongorora dzakawanda dzokugara nguva Wallenberg muBudapest. Kana mugumo wake pashure kusvika Red Army, wokudhinda kwenyika vataura shanduro dzakasiyana.

On mumwe wavo, pakutanga 1945, pamwe chete mutyairi ake pachake V. Langfelder muna International Red Cross chivakwa akabata patrol Soviet (imwe shanduro, iyo NKVD akasunga ari mufurati rake). Kubva ipapo, ari Wenyika akatumirwa R. Ya. Malinovskomu, araira panguva iri 2nd Ukrainian Front, sezvo achida kumuudza mashoko akavanzika. Panewo kunzwa kuti akanga asungwa SMERSH, avo vakasarudza kuti Raoul Wallenberg - musori. The chikonzero kufungidzira kwakadaro kwaigona kuva pamberi ndarama yakawanda uye mari nemotokari yake, izvo zvinogona kutorwa pfuma dzichapambwa nevaNazi, nepo chaizvoizvo vakanga vasara kuti achengeteke Wenyika akaponesa vaJudha. Chero zvakanga, hazvina tipone magwaro achipupura mubve mazakwatira emari uye zvishongo kubva Raoul Wallenberg, kana avo Inventory.

Muchiitiko chino, ichiidzwa kuti March 8, 1945 "Radio Kossuth", waiva kudzora Soviet, kuti ibudise mashoko kuti panguva kurwa aiuraya Wenyika Swedish pamwe zita chete muBudapest.

Mune USSR,

Kuti uzive chii chakaitika kuna Raoul Wallenberg, vatsvakurudzi dzakamanikidzwa kuunganidza mafufu chokwadi. Saka, vakaona kuti izvozvo yakadzikiswa kuMoscow, paakaradzikwa mutirongo Lubyanka. vasungwa German vaivapo panguva iyoyo, akapupura kuti kuburikidza "mujeri Telegraph" akataura naye kusvikira 1947, pashure pacho chinowanzoitika kwokuenda.

Pashure kunyangarika Wenyika kwayo muBudapest Sweden akaita shoma kubvunza pamusoro zvakafanorongwa ake, asi vakuru veSoviet yakashuma kuti havana kuziva kupi Raoul Wallenberg. Uyezve, muna August 1947, A. Ya. Vyshinsky, mutevedzeri Foreign Minister pamutemo akataura kuti Wenyika Swedish zviri USSR imomo. Zvisinei, muna 1957 kudivi Soviet vaifanira kubvuma kuti Raoul Wallenberg (ona mufananidzo. Above) akasungwa muBudapest vakaendeswa Moscow, uye vakafa chemwoyo muna July 1947.

Panguva iyoyowo, katsamba rakawanikwa Archive Foreign Wyszynski Molotov (kubva May 1947), umo iye anokumbira kuti hake Abakumov pasi gwaro panyaya Wallenberg uye vaitaura kuti kubviswa kwavo. Gare gare, mutevedzeri wegurukota ane pachake anonyorera gurukota State Security munyika uye anofanira kupa mhinduro kongiri kuti gadziriro yacho USSR Achipindura chikumbiro kubva kurutivi Swedish.

Feya Wallenberg pashure pokuwa USSR

Pakupera kwa2000, pahwaro of RF Mutemo "On the Rehabilitation Vanhu Vakatambudzwa Nevematongerwo Enyika," muchuchisi General kutora zvisarudzo zvakakodzera mune zvakaitika Wenyika Swedish R. Wallenberg uye V. Langfeldera. In mhedziso, zvainzi kuti muna January 1945, vanhu ava nhengo Nevada Swedish zviri Hungarian guru, uye Wallenberg, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ari kunakidzwa nedzenyu kutapata, vakasungwa uye kuvharirwa kusvikira pakufa kwavo vari mumajere eSoviet.

Gwaro iri rave vakatsoropodza nekuti veruzhinji havana inopiwa magwaro chokuita Somuenzaniso, zvikonzero sokusunga Wallenberg uye Langfeldera.

Kudzidza masayendisiti vatorwa

Muna 2010 rakabudiswa kudzidza American venhoroondo S. Berger uye Birstein V., umo akanga pfungwa falsity shanduro maererano nerufu Raoul Wallenberg, July 17, 1947. Muna Central Archive of FSB akawana gwaro 6 Mazuva mushure yakanatsa musi Musoro Department 4 3 GB gu Ministry of USSR (uto counterintelligence) kwemaawa anoverengeka kubvunzurudza "musungwa nhamba 7", uye ipapo Cato uye Vilmos Sándor Langfeldera. Sezvo ekupedzisira maviri ukama Wallenberg, masayendisiti pfungwa kuti yakanga zita rake, uye yave encrypted.

ndangariro

The Jewish vanhu kunzwisisa zvose zvandakaitira vanakomana vake, panguva Holocaust Vallenberg Raul.

Monument muMoscow kuti kusafarira humanist zviri pasuwo Yauza. Mukuwedzera, shongwe iri kuyeuka zviri mumaguta 29 wenyika.

Muna 1981, mumwe vaJudha Hungarian anunura Wenyika, uyo gare gare vakatama kuna USA uye ikoko akava Congressman, akatanga basa Wallenberg ane honorary wenyika ino. Sezvo August 5 vakaziva ake ndangariro zuva muUnited States.

Sezvambotaurwa, muna 1963 veIsrael Institute muruoko Vashem paakavapa ari Raoul Gustav Wallenberg honorary zita Vakarurama Pakati Nations, izvo, kunze kwaari, paakavapa yokuGermany muzvinabhizimisi Oskar Schindler, vokuPoland nhengo Nemishonga Movement - asingatyi Irene Sendler, mupurisa ari Wehrmacht Vilgelm Hozenfeld, Armenian vatama, pachavo vakaponeswa kamwechete kubva rudzi muTurkey, Dilsizyany, 197 vokuRussia vakanga vari basa akaviga vaJudha mudzimba dzavo, uye kunyange vamiririri marudzi anenge 5 dhazeni. Vanosvika 26 119 vanhu, ivo marwadzo muvakidzani akanga asiri mutorwa.

mhuri

mai Wallenberg uye vokurera vakatsaurira upenyu hwavo kuna kutsvaka chisipo Raul. Vakatosvika akarayira ake hafu-mukoma nehanzvadzi, maererano vamiriri kurarama kuchauya muna 2000. basa ravo rakanga zvakaramba vazukuru uyo akaedzawo kufunga sei Wallenberg akafa.

Mudzimai Kofi Annan - Nana Lagergren, mwana wemunin'ina pakati Raoul - yazova akakurumbira murwi nezvinetso kwemireniyumu uye akaramba humanistic hwetsika mhuri yake, vakatanga kwakanga sekuru vake. Pakati kuteerera pane zvevana vasingakwanisi kuwana dzidzo nekuda urombo nemhuri dzavo. Panguva iyoyo zvinonzi vaidavira kuti panguva rudzi muRwanda, murume wake kuva kwete Raoul Wallenberg: Kofi Annan akatanga wongororo kuti UN peacekeepers kubva nyika apo kutanga dzinza kunetsana kuti nengozi kuti nhengo vaTutsi vanhu.

Zvino kuti munoziva wakange Raoul Wallenberg, vane Biography uye uchine maburi akawanda. Izvi Wenyika kubva Sweden akaburuka munhau sezvo murume kwakaponesa zviuru zvevanhu, asi aisagona kunzvenga rufu mujeri pevhu, rakasvika pasina kutongwa.