Count Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: Biography, vagari venhaka

Cronyism, chizivano, achingopa - kuti zvakabatsira abate paakaenda dare kuRussia vaya akakwanisa pedyo kuzviremera. Munhu akadaro kamwe vakaedza kuti vakombe pachake nehama. Saka Shuvalov kwakabva anodzingwa kubva pachigaro pakutanga 50-ies dzemhuri XVIII remakore Razumovsky.

Camera-peji Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan akaberekerwa murombo mumhuri revatongi muMoscow. Musoro "Verenga" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich haana vaipfeka - kana pakuzvarwa kana pashure, paakanga wamambo-simba rose. Iye akapiwa dzidzo yakanaka kumba, aiziva mitauro mina, verenga chaizvo, aifarira unyanzvi uye ikakura yakanaka uye mwero jaya.

Vanun'una vaiva mudare Elizabeth, mumakore 14 vakatora ignoramus muna Petersburg uye rinorondedzerwa payo-kamera mapeji. Pazera, aiva kukura diki uye akapedza zvose vakasununguka nguva yake kuverenga mabhuku, uye nokutamba, uye vasikana vaduku havana Chinomufadza. Asi makore mana gare gare akanga akatambanudzira pasi mamita maviri akareba uye akava akanaka jaya. Pamuchato hanzvadzi yake Prince Golitsinym Ivana akaona Empress Elizabeth. Muna 1749, iye akamupa yake yokutanga rokuremekedza. Ivan Shuvalov aiva jendurumani pamusoro mokuvata, kuti ndiye mumaruva mukomana. Uye hama richengetwe ari oga mana Empress.

Chief wavaranda

Nokukurumidza Ivan akapiwa idzva rokuti - mukuru wavaranda. Ruzhinji dare iri chitandadzo itsva Empress zvaiita pfupi chero paangodira. Asi akangwara, akanaka, kwete vanokara mari uye tisazvikudza Ivan akaramba nepakudiwa Elizabeth asati afa muna 1761.

Ake unhu, kunyanya kushaya zvaidiwa kuti mari-kugadzira, panguva iyoyo kushoma chaizvo. Akatoshamisika zvose, kusanganisira mambokadzi uye fungira, uyo unoshandiswa kuti zvose naye kubudirira chinzvimbo, nyika, vanhuwo zvavo uye mari. Kuchembera Empress Elizabeth chayala hapana mweya wake waakasarudza, uye iye, pasinei yokuti nezera, hunhu hwake zvinooneka pazvairamba, aimubata chete rudo.

Activity Ivan Shuvalov

Handifungi kuti kuva panzvimbo chaiyo panguva yakakodzera, Ivan ipapo chete vakanakidzwa upenyu uye mufaro mambokadzi, akura zvakakwana kuva mai vake. Young uye akanaka, fashionably uye zvinodhura vakapfeka, pamwe vakanaka tsika, akatungamirira upenyu kwete dandy. Shuvalov akaratidza kujairika rudo unyanzvi: kuti iwe, mabhuku, mitambo.

Saka, takananga kusika Academy of Arts, muna 1755 akabva Moscow FS Rokotoff uye akamupa mukana kutanga kudzidzisa mumba make kusvikira akazarura Academy. Uye muna 1761 akaona fayameni mumuzinda remangwana muvezi Shubin. Ivan akatsigira pane imwe nguva uye musiki wokutanga Russian yemitambo Volkov F. uye A. Sumarokov - the munyori wemitambo uye nyanduri.

Pamwe chete Mikhail Lomonosov, aiva chirongwa uye akazarura Moscow University muzita zuva mai vake - muna Tatiana raMwari Day, muna 1755. Chirongwa ichi, akaramba refu nguva.

Shuvalov akatora vadzidzisi uye vadzidzi, uye mabhuku ake nheyo muraibhurari kuyunivhesiti uye yaonekwa payunivhesiti imba kudhinda, izvo Prints kwete chete mabhuku yesayenzi, asiwo "Moscow News".

Academy of Arts - vana vake vose. Akaunganidza vadzidzisi kumwe kutsvaka pakuridza vadzidzi, kwakamutsa muunganidzwa emifananidzo yake Academy. Ake political zvirongwa, achiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa, yaida kuwedzera uwandu vakuru uye kuvandudzika zvavanoita, streamlining kuti muboka revatungamiriri uye muhondo, aidavira kuti aifanira Unoisa Russian uye kwete vatorwa.

Vazhinji richaitirwa Shuvalov mberi nguva yaro uye mudzidziso muupenyu chete pasi Catherine II uye Paul I. Muna 1757 Count Vorontsov akateerera ubate chirevo pamusoro izvo I. I. Shuvalovu akanzi musoro count, Senator, uye zviuru gumi serfs. Musoro Ivan akaramba. Gare gare honorary wenyaya "Verenga" Ivan Shuvalov haana kugamuchira, uye kubva Catherine I. Haana kuda zita iri.

Muzinda Count Shuvalov

Kunyange zvazvo Ivan haana kupfeka musoro Count, asi mumuzinda yakanga chikuru zvechokwadi kuvaka, anopindura yose kota. Aiva uye ichiri (kunyange vakavakazve) pamusoro Italian yomumusha pedo ari Summer Palace waro anorichengeta mutsvene.

Mumuzinda rakavakwa makore mashanu manyorero ari Elizabethan Baroque. Rakanga hwakagadzirwa mapurani S. Chevakinsky. Mumuzinda akachengetedzwa nhoroondo kushongedzwa of vaenzi pamwe yakaderera mbiru vane misoro. The yose mukati youshe iri zvikuru yakashongedzwa stucco. Asi ichi ndicho kunyanya kuchigadzirisa akazotevera.

To musi, pane Museum noutsanana, uye chivako pachayo runochengetedzwa hurumende, nokuti nhaka yedu zvenhau netsika.

Kufa Elizabeth

Pakafa rwake musande aive Ivan akararama kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu. Haana kuzeza, akatora mhiko muna 1762, itsva Empress, asi akabva dare. Kwete kuti waiva kunyadziswa, asi achiri nzvimbo yake yachinja ikoko.

Refutenendi-General Shuvalov akaenda kunze kwenyika. Iye akafarirwa paruvazhe Marie Antoinette, iye akaenda yakamanikana denderedzwa yawo mharidzo uye anonzi Lilac League. Kwakati kwatemwa wokuti France, uye, kunze Ivan, murume yakanatswa, vakadzidza, vatorwa sedzisingasaruri nayo kumbova.

Kana ichi yakawanikwa Catherine II, akanga achangobva nehana. Zvino, tichiziva kuti kunze kwenyika vakazvipira choushe Russian wamambo, ane simba muEurope, Empress akamupa anoverengeka nedzenyu migove. Akaita navo anopenya uye akapiwa chinzvimbo achizivawo wepachitsuwa.

Muna 1776, Shuvalov kuRussia. Zvachakapiwa ari mudyandigere pakati rubles zviuru gumi, uye ipapo kwaitsigirwa kune mukuru wavaranda. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, kwaiva chepamusorosoro chinzvimbo pachivanze - wechipiri chete Empress. Asi vose, Shuvalov - yakapfuma wamambo, kuti minion werombo rakanaka, zvino akatungamirira zvakavanzika. Iye Re-yakarongwa mumba make uye mabhuku Salon vaipinda yokudya kuti vadetembi Derzhavin uye I. Dmitriev, uye Admiral Alexander Shishkov philologist, mushanduri Homer E. Kostrova. Aiziva sei kunakidzwa noupenyu, vachiuya nazvo kuda shamwari.

Shuvalov zvose upenyu hwake refu, uye akararama makore 70, achiperekedzwa kwete godo, uye kubwinya akangwara, mutsa, akatendeseka munhu. Kwete nekuti paiva upenyu ayo hama.

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

Pyotr akabva vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata Kostroma province. baba vake, ivo commandant pamusoro Vyborg, mwanakomana akakwanisa kuisa peji padare Petra Velikogo. Kana mambo akafa, akatora mugove kugadza pakati Catherine I. Panguva peji basa, akadzidza zvose zvinodiwa dare uye akakwanisa, nemhaka iyi, zvimwe dare basa.

Kana mwanasikana Velikogo Petra nomurume akaenda Kiel, pamwe chete navo kuti vakashumira uye kamera-peji PA Shuvalov. Ikoko akawana chitsva muupenyu.

Pashure achisununguka mwanakomana wake, ramangwana Mambo Peter III, Anna Petrovna akafa uye P. Shuvalov kuRussia, pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera mudziyo pamwe korona vamoyo muna 1728. Mumakore aya akasangana pamwe Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, iyo zvino akaroora. Aiva shamwari yepedyo Princess Elizabeth Petrovna uye gare gare akabatsira zvikuru basa ane chinzvimbo jinda.

pedo choushe

Ndadzoka kubva mhiri kwemakungwa Shuvalov vakashumira nokutendeka kamera-kadheti Princess Elizabeth.

Petro akatora Zvinoshingaira nevapanduki muna 1741, dzichiisa Elizaveta Petrovna pachigaro, uye kutenda Akagamuchira repamusoro chinzvimbo wavaranda. Zvinonzi ichikura nokukurumidza uye ayo basa rechiuto. Chokutanga, iye - chete Guards refutenendi uye zvikuru zvayo, asi gore rakatevera akava refutenendi, uye nokukurumidza mubatsiri mukuru.

Mumhu wake basa chete rinomhanya, sezvo Elizaveta Petrovna haakanganwi mafaro pakati akangwara mubatsiri uyo akabatsira nditorerei choushe. Petro anogamuchira Order of St. Anne uye kutaurirana. Aleksandra Nevskogo uye anova Seneta. Uye muna 1746, pamberi pedu ikaramba kare Count Shuvalov. Panguva ino akanga atova akaroora "sneaky", sezvo vakati, musikana ane rukudzo Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, izvo, kufanana mukuru, mukoma Alexander, uyo aiva nemakore gumi ari mudare, akamubatsira nokukurumidza kwira upward.

Way kumusoro

Pakutanga, zvose zvaakaita munyika Front Army. Iye, pamwe platoon ake muchirongwa kugadzwa zviri Empress muMoscow. Zvadaro platoon ake anoita dzimwe vaipemberera, asi Count Shuvalov akakurumidza nyanzvi mudare uye hapana zvishoma nokukurumidza anowana chikuru chinzvimbo - Field Marshal. Anogona kutaura, kumhanya nenhokwe mune zveupfumi uye enyika upenyu misoro miviri, uyewo muumambo hwose.

Anopa Count P. Shuvalov

Nechekare muna 1745 Count Shuvalov kwakasimbiswa chirongwa pamusoro kuunganidzwa yokuvhota uye kurwisa chikwereti. Empress akaona maari munhu anogona ndimutsidzire aimbova kubwinya ehurumende. Anoteerera nokungwarira kuti panyaya yake nokuda yaitsiva yakananga mitero isina kunanga, kuti uraire yechikoro kuti hondo munyu kuunganidzwa dzava kugadzira mari yesimbi yemhangura (emakirogiramu nemhangura yakagadzirwa muna hafu, uye mana ipapo nguva mari yakawanda, iyo unounza zvakawanda hwakaisvonaka kuna muchivigiro). Asi Empress hapachanyadzisi sechamupupuri zvinovaraidza, saka simba iri zvishoma nezvishoma kusimbiswa mumaoko nemakaro uye mari-nzara Peter Ivanovich.

Muna 1753, panguva mazano ake, dzomunyika tsika mabasa vakanga aparadza, uye muna 1755 apo itsva Customs murau vanoshingaira Kupinda chakagamuchirwa.

Zvakachinja Hondo

Nechekare muna 1751, apo P. Shuvalov akava mukuru-mu-mukuru, aiva murayiro anenge dzinoparadzirwa weboka. Anoratidza kushingaira kunoshamisa, kutama uye kufurira nomudonzvo, kuvadzidzisa, ihwohwo Division uye vaiita yake hembe. Izvi vachauya batsira gare gare, apo uchakurati--gore nomwe hondo pamwe Prussia muna 1756

All mauto Count Shuvalov akapa kurovedza atirari uye Reserve Corps, rwaiumbwa vanhu zviuru makumi matatu. Iyi nyaya rakajairika kwaari, uye iye nokubudirira rinopedzisa mugadziriro pfuti itsva, pfuti itsva uye yunifomu.

Panguva iyoyo, akanga akagadzwa General-feldtseyhmeysterom, zvinoreva murayiro atirari uye okugadzira Corps. Count Shuvalov deploys kudzidzisa mabasa Gunners uye pasi weSeneti chirongwa kuumba munhu howitzer idzva.

Pasina vachipinda zvekushandisa mashoko, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange uye vava, asi zvakanga kubudirira. Asi kutevera mudziyo unonzi "Unicorn" aiva kubudirira. Izvi howitzer Gunners tega M. Danilov uye Sergei Martynov, uye yaishandiswa kutsigira inifanduri kuhondo anenge makore zana pashure ayo kuvamba. The zita Rinobatanidzwa nechido kumeso mbiru pamusoro ane chiratidzo hwairatidzwa mhuka iyi zvakazonaka.

The nguvo zvombo Count Peter Shuvalov

Mufananidzo simba rakafanana nerenyati nhatu dziri nguvo mumaoko Count Shuvalov. Chekutanga, izvozvo Rinomiririrwa bhodhi, uye chepiri Muruvoko nhovo uye, Chechitatu, kurudyi ngowani pamwe count wacho coronet. A magirinedhi matatu nezvechikumbiro accession kuti chigaro Elizabeth. Ndiye ati uye akanyorwa.

On kwokuderera Elizabeth I

Count Shuvalov apo Elizabeth akava of facto musoro hurumende yeRussia. Zvose zvinoraira count inokurukurwa weSeneti. Zvisinei, kusava noudyire, mukusiyana kune hama, zviri zvakasiyana. Kazhinji basa rake vakabatsirwa naye uye kukuvadza chezvipo.

Chaizvo, aiva nekodzero kutengesa sango, mafuta uye manda. Kubata hove uye zvisimbiso muGungwa White uye kweGungwa reCaspian aivawo chindingindingi ake. Count Shuvalov muchirongwa fodya atenga kure, akanga zvakanakisisa mabasa simbi. A wako, ari State-mudzimai Elizabeth anonzi parakabuda searchers kuhondo uye mibayiro nokuda mari.

Pakafa Elizabeth, pasinei yakanaka mafungiro Peter III, Earl akatanga kurwara uye vakafa muna 1762. chimiro chake yakanakisisa uye simba unhu vaiva kukwanisa kuronga zvinhu uye kuunza zvose pakuguma. Saka akararama upenyu hwake kuna simba, chinzvimbo Count Shuvalov. Biography ake zvinoratidza kuti aiva murume anoshamisa, asi vakararama rudo neminwe, vanozvikudza uye fabulously akapfuma girafu haisi kushandiswa.

Mugari wenhaka Count Pyotr

Mumwe angafunga kuti Count akasiya rebei pfuma pashure porufu rwake. Nokuti mari nyore ruchiyerera kuna rwizi ake. Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga zvisiri izvo. Earl aiva zvokushamisira chaizvo munhu. Amutsive - mwanakomana Andrei Petrovich - vachisiya chete zvikwereti uwandu 92 zviuru rubles. Asi nguva Catherine Andrei Petrovich haana kurasika, uye akava Seneta, achizivawo gurukota, gavhuna Bank uye munyori. Akaramba imba yacho Counts Shuvalov, vaigara atova XIX remakore.

Mukoma Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) pamwe munun'una wake yakasvika mudare Peter I uye akatanga basa rake somunhu peji. Asi semunhu mudare Princess Elizabeth, akanga ari mutariri muchivanze upfumi hwake. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva yepamusoro.

Pashure youmambo pachigaro nechisimba, umo mbiri hama vakatora Zvinoshingaira, Alexander akapinda kukura. Chokutanga muna 1742, kurerutsa chete anobata mabasa Secret Chancellery, asi anofarira Empress haana kusiyiwa.

It paakavapa ari Order Aleksandra Nevskogo, ipapo zvinosvibisa refutenendi mukuru, gare gare - zvavo nevabatsiri vacho. Uye muna 1746 pamberi pedu kare ari Count Shuvalov Aleksandr Ivanovich, kutsiva nzvimbo musoro vachirwara Yakavanda Chancellery uye musoro wayo zvino upenyu hwake hwose.

Paitonga Elizabeth I uye Peter III muna 1762 kutyiwa uye kusafarira. Asi aida kubata zvokutengeserana nyaya, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuumba hurumende. Elizaveta Petrovna haana kumbokanganwa mutevedzeri akatendeka uye paakavapa muna 1753 iye chepamusorosoro mubayiro yeRussian Empire - murayiro St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Gare gare Shuvalov uye uve Seneta uye zvayo munda yokukunda. Pashure pokutonga Catherine, akatumirwa yake kuchamuka pedyo Moscow. Nenzira, hama nhatu, ndiwo uninteresting munhu unogona kutaura, Hauoneki.

domesticity

Graf Aleksandr Ivanovich akaroorwa Ekaterina Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. Vanokara uye kuomera yaiva mhuri iyi, dai kunyange mari hembe anokodzera chinzvimbo chavo. Catherine mwanasikana akaberekwa mumhuri dzavo, unopirwa kuroorwa Count G. I. Golovkina.

Apo Alexander I yakava State-mudzimai. Pane kufungidzira kuti musha wake Moscow akaberekwa A. S. Pushkin. Iye anofarira mafirimu, uye nhare dzayo akava musimboti vachitamba of Bolshoi Ballet. Vanakomana vake vakanga vasina vana, uye mwanasikana haisi kuroorwa. Saka izvi Bazi Shuvalov vana anazvo.

Muenzaniso Shuvalov kwakabva anogona kufungidzira kuti yakasiyana vaiva chete vanhu vakanga zvakafanana midzi.