Chitundumusere-musere: kukunda simba regiravhiti

Spaceship, zvichida - rinonyatsooneka zvigadzirwa vari munhoroondo yevanhu. Ichi chinhu chechokwadi mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira budiriro, izvo akatibvumira kubata zvakavanzika zvakasikwa uye kunzwisisa nyika kunze musha redu. Human budiriro munhoroondo yacho vaifanira refu uye minzwa nzira, akazara zvikanganiso nokukundikana, korona rakanga rokukurira kukomba kwePasi uye kuwana pedyo-Pasi nzvimbo. The chitundumusere-musere kwazova chiratidzo uye musoro muzvigadzirwa shasha pakati earthlings.

Uyezve, iyi ndege uri rudzi "Vanity Fair" kupfuura akura uye dzakabudirira munyika. Kana ukaronga chimwe chitundumusere-musere vakashandisa zvakanaka nebudiriro vanhu - kupfuura yepamusoro design, ano uye zvinhu. Avionics akadaro mano nguva dzose naisovremenneyshy. Kazhinji chitundumusere-musere ane Yokuedzera nokuda matsva Zvakawanikwa uye zvigadzirwa.

Kwete kare, panguva "hondo inotonhora", tsvakurudzo nzvimbo yave pachimiro kukwikwidzana kukwikwidzana uye kunyange nemauto-enyika kunetsana maviri nyika dzine - the United States, neSoviet Union. Uye chaizvo wokufananidzira kuti vanhu vokuRussia raiva mukundi chokutanga nzvimbo vaipikisa murume. The kukosha chiitiko ichi kuti mukuru munhoroondo vanhu hunokosha.

Very pfupi tigova vakatsaurwa kubva musi goridhe kwakaratidza kutanga zvitsva nguva emunhu - April 12, 1961, apo kunozivikanwa chitundumusere-musere "Vostok" piloted ne Yuriem Gagarinym, yaaigara ari pedo-Pasi nzvimbo. Uye kunyange sezvo ari muchadenga vakashanyira dzakawanda aigarira chitundumusere-musere, asi yakanga yokutanga ndege yaiva harbinger kwenguva itsva kuti vanhu.

Chitundumusere-musere ari ano kududzira - zano rakaitirwa anunure muchadenga kunoongorora muchadenga uye ipapo navo kudzokera kuna Earth. Naizvozvo hwokugadzira zvinodiwa kuti chitundumusere-musere waiita zvikuru inoomesera kupfuura unmanned anobatsira pakutsvakurudza. The chikuru basa pamusoro vagadziri ndiko kupa kwakadaro ndege ezvinhu, izvo ngozi vanhu.

The Unit, iro achava maawa kana mazuva mashoma kuti vave kumba muchadenga kunoongorora vanofanira kuva akakwana ezvinhu, kwete chete wekushandisa uye kuzvidzora, asiwo zvokurarama nazvo. izvi zvose kwazvo ichazivikanwa noku "East", riri muchadenga kanda motokari zvakafanana zita. Full prelaunch kurema zvakaoma yakanga matani 287.

Zvayakaita mudziyo uyu une modules zviviri - anoburukira Kamudzira uye chiridzwa mupanda. Wokutanga waiva bhora-faired, izvo yekudyidzana kunoderedza zadzisa kana kupfuura rizere akaturikidzana zvomumhepo. Chisimbiso muchikepe Hull chakaitwa pamatunhu-simba aruminiyamu chiwanikwa. Inside anoburukira Kamudzira apo muchadenga kunoongorora vaifanira kupedza rose kutiza, ivo vagadziri tagovera chete zvakakosha muupenyu-vatsigirane nokudzorana enyika. Zvose zvakanga zviri chiridzwa mupanda. The womukati Vhoriyamu raizouya module rakanga 1,6 mamita ^3. Uyewo, kwaiva thermoregulation gadziriro dzine imvura-mhepo kupisa exchanger. "East" chainyanya michina yemhando yepamusoro nguva yaro. Rakava zvose yepamusoro Soviet engineering magadzirirwo pfungwa uye mujenya chakavanzika pakukura yaishandiswa.

Spaceship "Soyuz", iro kwakatsiva kunozivikanwa "East" uye vokutanga multi-chikwata - "Sunrise", akatonyanya akakwana zvazviri. Akanga muzvinhu zvose zvikuru kupfuura ndege "vangangoramba muvengi" zvakafanana (uye chaizvoizvo zvikuru yakananga).

Nezvikepe ichi mhando vakatanga vaita kudaro kunzwisisa hwokugadzira kwacho sezvo achifambisa mu noruvazhe, Chinyorwa pokusvika, kushanda dzinodzorwa nemadzinza gadziriro itsva yakatanga kwakaedzwa muchadenga kunoongorora kugoverana michina pakati zvikepe uye zvizhinji zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana akaoma.

"Union", pane kare matatu zvionera module - mudziyo-basa module, orbital chikamu uye zvetsika dzinza Kamudzira, akaita abatsira zvikuru kuti ubanguranyika uye yavaitora yepasi pose nzvimbo. With ose siyana uye zvakakwana ano nzvimbo michina havafaniri kukanganwa kuti vanhu ndiko chete kutanga rwendo rurefu kuenda nyeredzi.