Ankara uye Istanbul guru Turkey? Guta guru Turkey zvino

"Ankara uye Istanbul guta guru Turkey?" - vanonetseka vatorwa vashanyi vakawanda. Uye kushamiswa chaizvo pavanonzwa kuti guta guru iri imwe nzvimbo iri kumusoro-kumadokero kwenyika. Chii chinoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti ndiye guru Istanbul? Zvimwe shamisa dzinotevedzana dzinoti "Zvikuru Century", imwe yakakura umo narrate pamusoro vicissitudes imwe mhuri hweOttoman Sultan Suleiman Qanooni (zvakanaka). Hongu, guta riri Golden Horn yaiva guta guru. Uye nenzira, kwete chete panguva yacho Sultans. And Ankara? Kana iri "chivakwa chitsva" se, muti, kuti Kazakh guru Astana? On the vicissitudes wematambudziko maguta maviri, verenga nyaya ino.

Istanbul garo

Kudza Tab of "ibwe wokutanga" muguta ndohwaJehovha echiGiriki colonists. Muna 658 BC. e. vakabva Megara uye akatanga kugarwa pachitsuwa chiduku, riri pakati kuGungwa Marmara uye Golden Horn. guta ravo vakatumidza mukukudza mutungamiri Byzantine Empire. The yakanaka nenzvimbo chinzvimbo, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise kudzora kwemutemo zvikepe kweGungwa Marmara kuGungwa Black uye shure, vakabatsira rokuvandudza vanhu, kugadzirwa rwokugadzira uye kutengeserana. Guta Byzantium - guta guru munguva yemberi Turkey Istanbul - ava kukurumidza kuva rimwe guru guta Greek. Muna '74 BC. e. Asia Minor yakakunda Rome. City, ane ndima kare yakapiwa kure chitsuwa yepakutanga, akaramba kubudirira. Asi nechisimba venyika, iyo yakava kutanga kuguma hweRoma, akazunungusa zvakanaka vagari uye Byzantium. Pakazosvika remakore rechitatu AD, guta ndokuwira kuderera.

Antique Ankara

Kana mukakumbira guta rekare chii - Byzantium kana Angira (yakadaro ndiro zita ekare guru Turkey), zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti vose guru ano yakabuda pamusoro iyoyowo, ari VII remakore BC, asi Ankara une inodarika Istanbul . Kwete kure iri guta rakasiyana neolithic Çatalhöyük. Kunyange vemazuva ano Ankara ari XI remakore (refu asati asvika echiGiriki colonists) paiva nenhare, waiva mumwe Links ari kuzvidzivirira ngetani muHiti budiriro. Sezvineiwo, shoko rechiGiriki "Angira" rinoshandurwa se "Mbambo." Nei chikepe chiratidzo muguta, kure negungwa? Angira avete pamharadzano dzenzira migwagwa yakawanda unobatanidza Asia Minor kuEurope uye Africa. Nokuda zvakanaka nzvimbo yeguta iri kuramba kuda kurwiswa. It muridzi vaPezhiya, revaFrijiya, kuti vaCelt. A unokosha riwedzere kuti zvoupfumi rakapiwa kukunda Roman. Emperor Augustus akavaka ake zvezhizha dzokugara pano. In Angira, sezvo muByzantium yekare, pane zvakanakira yebudiriro, sezvo sewerage, mvura, chiedza mumugwagwa, nokuti zvinotevera hurongwa moto basa uye mapurisa.

kuora nguva

Nechokumabvazuva eumambo hweRoma iduku sei nechisimba venyika, kupfuura Western. Naizvozvo, chizvarwa mushori (ano Germany) Konstantin Veliky muna 324 vakasarudza kutamira guru kwavo mamiriro kuna Byzantium. Kuti vauye zvimwe kuderera muguta hwaienzanirana nemitemo guru, mambo akatanga pamwero mukuru kuvakwa. Akatanga mutero musisiri kuti vanotarisira vatama - navavezi vatengesi. Mumakore matanhatu, nzvimbo guta yakawedzera kakawanda. Zvechokwadi, akanga duku pane Ankara ano kana Istanbul. Guta guru Turkey panguva iyoyo raiva guta duku. Asi Byzantium iyo Constantine zita New Rome raibudirira. Emperor aida chaizvo kuva guta guru kudzikatidzwa hwomutambarakede kwayo wekusingaperi City. Kuwedzera makomborero Entrepreneurs, akagova kubva chefuma chingwa, mafuta omuorivhi huni kudiwa. Kubva Athens, Efeso, Korinde, Rome, uye New Rome vakakokwa vavezi vemabwe uye Painters, ezvivako uye vafundisi.

Byzantine nguva

The zita abatwa pamusoro, uye pashure mambo afa guta zita rokuti Constantinople. Raiva guta guru wamazvirokwazvo vokutanga Middle Ages. Pano vakaunzwa zvisaririra ari anorichengeta vasande, akavaka temberi yakanaka kwazvo, dzokugezera, migodhi, ari Hippodrome. City, akaisa pasi patronage Mariya, akanga akawanda yezvokutengeserana uye uto zvengarava. Pashure pomuedzo pokuwa hweRoma, Constantinople yakava guta idzva wehurumende - Byzantium. Izvi nyika simba, iyo inotungamirirwa basileis kunosvika mberi zvikuru kupfuura pari Turkey. Capital (Map Byzantine Empire zvino anoratidza) yave pakati munyika. Kunyange mamwe akawedzera vasisanetswi Byzantium zvokunamata. Religion necheSalvic dzavanhu vakauya kwatiri vachibva ikoko. Uyewo arufabheti - the Cyrillic arufabheti. Asi Constantinople (anonzi Slavs Constantinople) raiva nangananga rutsigiro rwemauto. Mukudzidzire akarota amadzimambo dzokuMadokero, Hondo Tsvene, Slavs, Huns, vaPezhiya, vaAvar, maArab Pechenegs.

Ankara munguva Byzantine nguva

Luxury nokubwinya roumambo huru kunyange zvisina kunanga, asiwo zvakakanganisa kumabvazuva muvakidzani weConstantinople - a mwero Angira. Kuburikidza guta rino vakapfuura nzira inokosha kuna East, kusvikira Asia. Nokuti kudzora "Silk Road" akarwa maArab Dzorudzidziso. Nengano kwakaderera ari Byzantine Empire, Ankara - guta guru Turkey mune ramangwana - wakapfuurira nhaka Seljuks. Izvi zvakaitika mushure Malazgitskoy hondo muna 1073. Kana guta haaiti Seljuks yakapararawo. Asi pano pane nhoroondo chiitiko akazviratidza kuvaOttoman. Pakutanga mashoko XV remakore revarwi pasi murayiro Sultan Bayezid Ndakarwa Hondo Ankara neuto Katya raMwari. The guta nemakapoteredza vakanga kwakakanganiswa zvakaipisisa. Zvisinei, varwi kuti Sultan muhondo iyi vakakundwa, uye iye pachake akanga atora musungwa.

nakisa remakore

Makore 561 akapfuura, May 29, 1453, Constantinople rakatorwa hondo Mehmed II Fatih (Mukundi). Constantine XI Palaeologus, wokupedzisira Basileus, akaurayiwa muhondo. Saka kupera nhoroondo Byzantine Empire-gore 1,100 kupfuura. Constantinople Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Istanbul. "Kutobaya Porte" (sezvo vakararama rinonzi hweTurkey of vokuTurkey), vakatora ichi zvoupfumi kwaniso, zvava mumwe akakurumbira Vatambi yezvematongetwo wenyika. Mehmed Fatih asati akanga asiri mubvunzo - Ankara kana Istanbul. Guru Turkish kuvaOttoman aifanira kukunda hwomoyo dzimwe nhume muumbozha mukare akamboona. Zvinonzi pano akavaka chikuru mosques uye, chokwadi, Sultan raMwari Topkapi Palace.

Ankara munguva hweOttoman Empire

The guru kuitika kweTurkey pamberi kuwa Constantinople akatamira kutanga Seljuks, uye ipapo pamberi kuvaOttoman. guta rino nezuva Anatolian rwenze kare wakajaira upenyu kwekumaodzanyemba revarwi vairinda. With IX VI zera (kunyange apo Byzantine bazilevs) yakavakwa panzvimbo hunyambiri mhete wenhare achizvidzivirira masvingo. Guta guru Turkey, Istanbul yave chokuita Ankara kuti nevezvokutengeserana. Naizvozvo, amachinda guta zvakadaro haana backwater. Where mosques makavakwa - vamwe zvakananga pahwaro mumachechi echiKristu, izvo zvaizoitawo rakadzikwa pamusoro nzvimbo mutemberi dzechihedheni. Mukuru Chivako Islamic muna Ankara vaiona Hadzhibayram Mosque, yakavakwa muna XV remakore ari matongo temberi St. Augustine, uye Roma. Chivako ichi vechitendero vachiri kuita mabasa aro. Inside Ndiro rinda Haji Bayram, musande uye muvambi yemamongi kurongeka, uyo akafa muna 1430.

Ankara - guta guru Turkey

Muna 18-19 emakore vakasuwa hweOttoman Empire, simba kugara hondo, akapinda kuderera. Kunyange Hondo Yenyika I, Turkey asarudza kutsigira Germany - uye mugumisiro inokamukana nawo kuvava kukundwa. Naizvozvo, muna 1918, Istanbul aitoita neuto French, UK uye Greece. Asi nokukurumidza pashure kurwira rusununguko, nyika vakaziva uchangamire Turkey. Muna 1923, mutungamiriri Mustafa Kemal Ataturk vakazivisa pakaparadzwa poumambo uye dzidzo. Aida kure pacharo yakawanda sezvingabvira kubva "Sultan" pakati Istanbul, kunyanya sezvo kwaiva vatsigiri vakawanda nehurumende yekare. Uyezve, Atatürk aida kufamba guru richibva "mutsetse remapazi muchiuto." Ankara akasarudzwa netsaona. guta rino yaiva nekaupenyu pedyo Istanbul, uyewo yave chokuita naye kuchiteshi mutsetse. Asi guta guru mutsva Turkey (mapikicha makore iwayo ndiwo uchapupu hwakajeka) ndiye backwater wakakwana. The guta asina kumhanya mvura, chiedza, mapaipi. Ambassadors achitsvinya kutaurwa kuti mbongoro yakasungirirwa trellis hwindo munyika Ushumiri Affairs Foreign.

Guta guru Turkey zvino

Ataturk Mugove paakapiwa pakuvaka uye kukura muguta. Zvino chinhu Multi miriyoni-guru. The chikuru uchikwezvwa ndiye Ankara mausoleum rudzi mutungamiri Ataturk. Next kune zvivako Newest pano adjoin mugwagwa wakamanikana Ages uye mosques yekare. Asi nevamiririri venyika zhinji uye zvivako zvehurumende kubvisa chero mubvunzo kuti ndiro guta - Ankara kana Istanbul - guta guru Turkey.