Soviet Army. Kuwanda hondo yekare USSR

Hondo Soviet Union - rimwe simba kupfuura mauto enclaves remakore rechi20, pakusikwa zvange vakapedza yakawanda zvinhu, kunyanya munhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kuumbwa tichishandisa nokukurumidza uye zvakasimba vaitungamirira nzvimbo munhoroondo yenyika, kunyanya nemhaka heroism uye nokutsungirira pamupendero kwevanhu wokuti kuti masoja Soviet akaratidza hondo Kuedzwa nechisimba. Mushure isiyo mapfumo pasi, zvichida, vashoma munyika masimba vaizokwanisa pakushora pachena chokwadi kuti uto eSoviet akanga akasimba munyika panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, chinhu dzisina nayo rakaramba kusvikira anenge mugumo rokupedzisira remakore rokuremekedza.

zvokukura inotungamirwa

Munhau yacho kubva veMubatanidzwa zvakawanda kana zvishoma rakarongeka chimiro kweuto Russian rakanga rakakurumbira nokuda incredible ushingi, simba uye kutenda chikonzero rakadeuka ropa varwi. Kuwa umambo, zvikurukuru, kunotoreva kwete chete demoralize muchiuto, asi kuparadzwa kutopedza. Izvi inotsanangura rokuparadza kushingaira kubvisa dzakawanda mukuru Corps. In zvinofambirana munyika kubva achida kushumira pfungwa itsva uye akaberekerwa itsva nehurumende dzakaumbwa Red Guards. Zvisinei, kuchine rakanga World Rokutanga, pasinei dzomunyika zviitiko, Russia haana pamutemo kubuda mariri, uye saka kwaidiwa kuti dzose kubatana. It akatanga paumbwe Red Army, mune zita rimwe gore papera akawedzera mashoko okuti "vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo". The yepamutemo rokuzvarwa - February 23, 1918. Panguva yatanga kurwisana kwevagari 800,000 vazvipiri vari ayo nemapoka gare gare - mamiriyoni 1,5.

At moyo pakusikwa hondo itsva, haisati kuumbwa hurumende vaiva misimboti akadai mukirasi, internationalism (muuto pamisara vakaitwa vagari dzimwe nyika), nesananguro ari administrative puranga, dvunachalie kuti anopa fanira kuvapo mumapoka ose vemauto vezviitiko, vanonzi vashandi enyika .

The inokosha zvinoumba muchiuto akatanga kunyika uye gungwa. A dzakazara pamwe uto mauto eSoviet akatanga chete muna 1922, kuti, kana kare pamutemo zvakavapo Soviet Union. Up kusvikira kuti chehurumende Kutsakatika kubva mepu weuto nyika haina kuchinja zvokunze chimiro chavo. Pashure paumbwe USSR akabatanidzwa ari NKVD mauto.

Kwesangano uye administrative marongerwo

Uye USSR, uye gare gare muna Soviet Union kuita administrative kushanda, uyewo kudzora zvivako siyana, kusanganisira hondo raishanda Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars. Vanhu commissar Kudzivirira chakatangwa muna 1934. Panguva Great Patriotic War, Dare Command yakaumbwa, inotungamirwa Iosifom Stalinym zvakananga. Gare gare, zvakatanga weDhipatimendi Defence. Chete mamiriro rakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi.

Pakutanga, nehondo, pakanga pasina murayiro. Vazvipiri vakaumba anokwana zviyero, rimwe nerimwe raiva akasiyana reuto. Mukuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri muhondo akauya kuMudzidzisi nyanzvi vanoita rayo yokuronga patsva. Pfuti pakutanga kuumbwa uye vamabhiza Corps. Simba rwokugadzira budiriro, kwakunoitwa kurwira nokuyerera pamusoro kugadzirwa ndege, motokari dzehondo, warrior motokari, vakabatsira kuti mauto eSoviet akanga richikura, izvozvo akazviratidza michini uye motorized zviyero, kwakawedzera rwokugadzira dzakabatana. Munguva yehondo, inova nguva chikamu yezviri hondo. Maererano nemitemo zvechiuto, rose kureba vemauto remapazi rakakamurwa mberi, izvo zvaizoitawo zvinosanganisira hondo.

Kuwanda uto eSoviet kubvira pakutanga kwayo, paiva vanenge mazana maviri nezviviri varume, panguva kurwisa Nazi Germany zvayo nemapoka pane vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu vari.

Mhando wamapoka

MuSoviet Union mauto akanga inifanduri, atirari mauto, vatasvi vemabhiza, chiratidzo Corps, warrior, engineering, kemikari, motokari, njanji, mugwagwa mauto, mhepo simba. Uyezve, nzvimbo yaiva kubatikana uye bhiza nebhiza, iro rave akaumba panguva imwe chete Dzvuku Army. Zvisinei, utungamiriri akasangana nezvinetso zvakakomba pakugadzirwa chikwata ichi: kumatunhu umo vaigona kuumbwa kubva mukomboni vakanga hunodzorwa nevachena kana vakanga mushandi vatorwa muviri. Pane matambudziko chakakomba kushaya zvombo, nyanzvi. Somugumisiro, vanoumba yakazara chikamu emauto kwaingova vakananga pakupera 1919. Munguva yehondo tiri kazhinji kubudirira vanenge hafu nhamba varwi rutsoka mune kurwa zviito. Mumwedzi hondo pamwe zvikuru simba panguva muuto reGermany kuti vamabhiza wokutanga, inofanira akati, akaratidza vachizvipira uye noushingi, kunyanya Hondo Moscow. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakare pachena kuti firepower kwavo hakuzofadzi chero tichienzanisa nzira ano yehondo. Saka, vakawanda revarwi izvi yakaguma.

Iron moto simba

Remakore rechimakumi maviri, kunyanya wokutanga nehafu, aizivikanwa rechiuto mberi nokukurumidza. Zvino Soviet Union Red Army, uyewo mauto mimwe nyika, achishingaira vashoma mutsva rwokugadzira yaibvira kuparadzwa kunonyanyisa muvengi. Basa iri dzinongoita gungano-mutsetse kugadzirwa Matangi nyore mune 1920s. Vakati ngapaonekwe nyanzvi muchiuto zvakagadzira hurongwa zvibereko kusakarongeka idzva inifanduri uye nemotokari. Ndicho ichi chinotaurwa inogarwa ine nzvimbo muhondo Navi bumbiro. Zvikurukuru sezvo huru mukana kushamisika akanga akarongwa, uye pakati yaibvira itsva Michina akasimbisa nzvimbo hwavo rubatsiro akabatwa inifanduri anofambisa pamusoro kudzamisa nokurwiswa pamusoro muvengi.

Uyewo, Soviet tangi mauto zvaisanganisira paramilitary dzakabatana vakapakata warrior motokari. Paumbwe uto rakatanga muna 1935, apo warrior bhurigedhi, uyo vakabva akava hwaro ramangwana michini Corps. Zvisinei, pakutanga hondo, yeimwe izvi zvaifanira emauto akadzingwa mabasa nokuda kwazvo kurasikirwa michina. Zvakare, munhu wacho battalions uye brigades dzakaumbwa. Zvisinei, nokuda kutanga gore hondo yechipiri uye itangezve kugoverwa midziyo hwakagadzwa pahwaro wechigarire, mauto michini vakadzorerwa, nechivako vavo vakapinda Panzer rose hondo Soviet Union. Izvi zvinonyanya vakakurumbira paumbwe ichi wamapoka mhando. Kazhinji, ivo vakapiwa mutongo pamusoro muhondo akazvimirira mishoni.

uto avhiyesheni

Aviation - mumwe simba zvakakura kwazvo muchiuto. Sezvo ndege vakatanga kuonekwa mukutanga remakore rechi20, kubatana kwakaita ndege rechiuto akatanga kuumba muna 1918. Zvisinei, muna 1930 zvakava pachena kuti mune revarwi mhando ichi, mauto eSoviet dzinokwanisa muduku nokuda nokukurumidza kuvandudzika avhiyesheni maindasitiri kuMadokero. Kuedza modernize midziyo panguva pakutanga Second World War akaratidza kusabatsira kwavo zvose. Michina yacho Luftwaffe, iro vakaburuka nokurwisana mangwanani June maguta Soviet, vakarivara arairwa rechiuto. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mumazuva okutanga yakaparadzwa vanenge zviuru zviviri ndege Soviet, vakawanda - pasi. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, hondo Soviet avhiyesheni Nokurasikirwa totaled vanopfuura zviuru 21 ndege.

Kufambira akavaka-ari avhiyesheni indasitiri akatendera pashure pfupi kuita parity mudenga pamwe Luftwaffe vanodzima. Famous murwi "Yak" mushanduro dzakasiyana akaita German aces vanorasikirwa nokutenda kukurumidza kukunda. Mune remangwana rengarava kukasawedzerwa upgraded Kurwisa ndege, Ndege, varwi.

Other muchiuto

Zvimwewo zvemarudzi zvombo rakanyatsojeka rinokosha nzvimbo isina panguva Second World War akatora Corps ose Engineers. Zviri ivo kusangomanikidzira mitoro pamusoro kuvakwa masvingo, zvivako, inodiwa, nzvimbo mined, zvekushandisa rutsigiro anofambisa, kunze, ivo Ichibatsirwa pakasikwa corridors mu mined minda, kukunda muvengi masvingo, zvipingamupinyi uye zvimwe zvinhu. Mauto Chemical uyewo yekudyidzana vaikudza kukura kwebasa chikumbiro ayo panguva, ose reuto raiva nezvikamu yakakodzera. Zvikurukuru, vaishandisa kufanorongwa murazvo throwers uye utsi nechidzitiro.

Kuwedzera mune hondo USSR

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, wokutanga kuti akarwa vatsigiri vechimurenga - kuparadzwa zvose kuti chaisvika anotiyeuchidza dzekirasi pakudzvinyirirwa. Ndokusaka chokutanga vakuru yakaguma, uye nawo - uye zita dzingirira. Panzvimbo Imperial mushumo kadhi pamisara vemauto namagwatidziro dzakatangwa. Gare gare, pamutemo Mapato zvinoratidzwa se "K". Nokuti kusiyana munzvimbo yaishandiswa geometric zvitarisiko - Triangle, rhombus, rectangle, zvehondo zvinhu - Tabs mavara ari fomu.

Zvisinei, munhu wacho chinzvimbo muuto reSoviet asi yadzorerwa, chokwadi chiri pedyo Second World War. A gore asati kurwisa German wakamutsiridzwa "General" title, "Admiral" uye "Colonel". Zvino vakadzoka kubata panhengo hwokugadzira uye logistical mabasa. Officer somunhu muchiuto pfungwa, anosungira nevamwe vakuru vakuru pakupedzisira vaigara chete muna 1943. Zvisinei, havasi vose izvo yaiva pre-echimurenga Russia pamisara vakanga adzorerwa hondo yaimbova USSR. Chokwadi ichi kwakabatsira pamusoro Zvinoumba panhengo weuto Russian, sezvo zvakanga yakatanga muna 1943, mamiriro ezvinhu kushandiswa nhasi. Pakati zvisiri: non-basa mukuru uye sajeni rakakura sajeni, mukuru refutenendi, refutenendi, mukuru, uye vamabhiza komumanzi tsvimbo-rotmister, rotmister. Ensign rikaporeswa chete muna 1972. Panguva iyoyowo, Major, izvo tsarist Russia zvakabviswa muna 1881 Kusiyana neizvi, adzoka.

To chose Kuwedzera zvitsva zvinosanganisira pakusuma muna 1940 iri USSR Army General, pamusoro mamiriro ndezvenguva soro chinzvimbo muSoviet Union, inova chinzvimbo yokukunda. Wokutanga itsva chinzvimbo paakavapa anozivikanwa guru vatungamiriri vemauto Georgy Zhukov, Kirill Meretskov uye Ivan Tyulenev. Hondo isati yatanga, vaviri dzakavakwa pachinzvimbo chevatatu - vatungamiriri vehondo Joseph Apanasenko uye Dmitri Pavlov. Munguva yehondo, musoro "General of Army of USSR" haina kutorwa kusvikira 1943. Zvino vakasikwa apamafudzi, izvo dzichengeterwe nyeredzi ina. Wokutanga akawana chinzvimbo raiva Alexander Vasilevsky. Kazhinji chakavakwa panguva chinzvimbo wehondo vakananga fronts.

Pakazopera hondo yacho Soviet yeU.SSR mauto vakaverenga eighteen vemauto paakavapa zita iri. Gumi vavo vaifanira kutarira kuti chinzvimbo yokukunda. Muna 1970, zita rokuti basa hachisisiri kwavo kunoshamisa kubudirira uye zvakapembererwa of Yababa, asi chaizvoizvo chinzvimbo, unosanganisira basa anokudzwa.

Vanotyisa hondo - kukunda kukuru

By pakutanga Great Patriotic War, uto Soviet Union yakanga simba zvakakwana, pamwe zvakare bureaucratic uye akawanda musoro nokuvonga yakarongwa Stalin repressions vari panhengo wehondo muna 1937-1938, apo zvakakomba chaizvo akanga aibvisa kukurayirai chivako. Izvi zvakanga pamwe chikonzero kuti mumavhiki mauto okutanga mwoyo, pakanga yakawanda kurasikirwa vanhu, zvose zvechiuto uye zvavo, midziyo, zvombo uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvakajeka Soviet Union uye German hondo haana zvienzane zvinzvimbo pakutanga yehondo, vachikanganisa asingaverengeki vanobatwa varwi eSoviet vakarwira nyika yavo, uye akava wokutanga Feat kwakadaro zvechokwadi kudzivirira muMoscow uye ukaramba guta dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya mauto. Hondo wakakurumidza zvikuru kudzidza nzira itsva hasha, uye Red Soviet Army yava rinochinjwa kuva nyanzvi mauto kuti pakutanga dzinotyisa akadzivirira pamiganhu yavo uye akaderera, chete kumanikidza anokumhan'arira kurasikirwa zvakaipa mumapoka avo, uye pashure Hondo Stalingrad akatendeuka kwazvo okuchembera uye vakadzinga muvengi.

Hondo Soviet Union muna 1941 raiva nevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu. Kubva kupfura chidobi yaJune 22, paiva vanenge zana nemakumi maviri nezviviri pfuti uye mumaturi. Mumakore rimwe nehafu muvengi zvikuru vainzwa vakasununguka munyika Soviet uye akatamira kure negungwa nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Kusvikira iyoyo, kusvikira asvika Stalingrad. Defense uye hondo nokuti guta akavhura Danho idzva iri risingakanganwiki yokurwisana kuti akatendeuka kunonyadzisa kwevavengi kutiza muvengi Russian ndima. Ko yepamusoro simba hondo USSR akanga kubudirira pakutanga 1945 - 11.360.000 vanodzima.

rechiuto

Pakutanga nhoroondo Red Army pamisara mbiri vakazara iri chokuzvidira hwaro. Asi pashure penguva yakati, utariri vakaona kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akaoma nguva munyika anogona kuva pangozi nokuda kwokushayiwa dzose nemauto Corps. Ndokusaka simbi aigara akazivisa anoshevedza basa rechiuto kubva 1918. Ipapo yokurarama vaiva vakavimbika runako inifanduri uye atirari vaiva negore, vatasvi vemabhiza - namaviri muchiuto ndege vakadaidzwa kwemakore matatu ari Navy - kwemakore mana. Muchiuto muna Soviet Union yakanga nokudzorwa yoga zvemitemo mabasa uye Constitution. basa iri kuonekwa zvikuru basa chimiro chokupika zvavo ehurumende basa kudzivirira mugovanisi yamadzibaba.

Panongotanga hondo yapera, kunzwisisa muperekedzi kuti dzika kuhondo nokukurumidza. Uye ndicho chikonzero hapana anonzi kusvikira 1948. Muchiuto pachinzvimbo rechiuto dzakagadzirirwa basa rokuvaka, kudzorerwa yose dzokumadokero kwenyika waida yakawanda maoko. Zvadaro utungamiri mutemo mutsva reShanduro rechiuto mutemo basa, maererano iyo mukuru majaya vaifanira kushumira kwemakore matatu ari Navy - kwemakore mana. Kudanidzira rakanga raitwa kamwe pagore. Muchiuto muna Soviet Union yakanga yava kusvika gore rimwe chete muna 1968, asi nhamba zvenhare yakawedzera maviri.

nyanzvi zororo

Uto Russian Modern inoverenga makore ayo kubva musi paumbwe okutanga yeimwe zvombo zvitsva post-echimurenga Russia. Maererano nhoroondo data, Vladimir Lenin akasaina chirevo pamusoro paumbwe Workers 'uye Varimi' Red Army January 28, 1918. Mauto eGermany uchipinda vakarwisa, uye uto Russian vaida simba idzva. Saka, musi February 22, simba kune vanhu vakadanidzira kununura Nyika Yababa. Large-pamwero Misangano mikuru pamwe masirogani uye nyaya akanga zvazvinoita - vazvipiri vakamhanya vazhinji. Saka paiva zuva rinokosha uye nyanzvi Army Day mhemberero. Pazuva iroro uye akafunga kuti mutambo wacho Navy. Kunyange, chaizvoizvo, pamutemo musi paumbwe rengarava runoonekwa kuva February 11, kana Lenin akasaina gwaro iri kwayo inotungamirwa.

Cherechedza kuti kunyange pashure kuparadzwa yezororo kugara nemauto Soviet Union, uye uchiri kupembererwa. Zvisinei, chete muna 2008 musoro wehurumende, Vladimir Putin akasaina chirevo kunzi National zororo neZuva Airwira Nyika Yababa. Official zuva zororo rakatanga muna 2013.

Demoralization uye kuparadzwa Army Council rakatanga Chokwadi, pamwe mukuru pokuwa munyika pachayo. Munguva yakaoma nguva kuma1990, mauto akanga asiri kuchikosheswa eutungamiri munyika, zvose pasi masangano, nhengo nezvimwe vakasvika dongo wakakwana, zvaibiwa uye ndaitengesa. Mauto akanga ari mumucheto zvoupenyu, maturo.

Muna 1979, ivo Kremlin akatanga wokupedzisira pokurwa, iyo akatanga Kuguma kunonyadzisa kwevavengi kukuru mamiriro - nechisimba Afghanistan. Hondo Yemashoko, iyo panguva iyoyo akanga atova ayo gumi rechitatu, sezvakarayirwa Soviet yepfuma kwezvinoshandiswa mumatanda. Mumakore gumi Afghan kurwisana, vanhu vanodarika kubva Union akapotsa asvika vanodzima gumi nezviviri. Afghan nhimbe, kutonhora hondo uye kukwikwidzana pamwe United States iri chikamu uto buildup vari chibhakera mumakomba bhajeti, kuti nekuvakunda hazvibviri. Yakatanga muna 1988, ari kushaya revarwi akatotanga akapedza munyika itsva mamiriro, yakanga isiri nyaya kana kuti mauto kana kuti vanodzima ayo.