Yakaitwa Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva pamusoro hunoshamisa Russian injiniya Ivan Kulibin. A kunyanya enterprising vavambi hazviwanzoitika anzwa kero zita rake: "Uri akafanana Kulibin" Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti dhazeni IP budiriro Kulibin patented chete. The nyika zvino anoziva kuti murongedzeri Town akavaka rinorema-basa kuvaka zambuko, uye ndizvo Kulibin tega nayo - handizivi.

nezvezvisikwa muvambi

Ivan Petrovich akaberekerwa Nizhny Novgorod muna 1735. Zvinoshamisa, mhuri yake yakanga isina vanhu vakadzidza, uye saka mano anozvipira vakadzidzisa makanika akanga akasiyana nevamwe zvechokwadi tarenda!

Family Ivan kuripo tichiregeredza madiki kutengeserana: baba vake aiva entrepreneur uye Old Vatendi, uye mai vake vaita kurima uye akabatsira kuchengeta nhoroondo.

Kubvira vachiri vaduku mukomana vakanzwa tsitsi huru nokuda injiniya magadzirirwo inopiwa uye vemarudzi ose zvigadzirwa, iyo panguva iyoyo mumisha zvakanga zvisina kudaro zvikuru. Asi kuchitsigira mukomana sayenzi ndisingadi kuchengeta mabhuku uye akaenda mudzidziri webasa kuti womumusha vakadzidziswa Locksmith, akatendeuka uye horology.

Wana ruzivo, Kulibin anoita wachi yacho wokutanga, nemamwe munyika nhasi kuwana. Tiny michina anoita mabasa maawa muhondo, uyewo bhokisi mumhanzi uye vakasiyana yemitambo. Pamberi noumhizha Nizhny Novgorod vanatenzi kugona kukunda akazvifukidza Catherine II - yakapa wachi yake, uye akakumbira Kulibina kushanda.

Muna 1769, Ivan awana nzvimbo Academy of Sciences, uye kubvira nhasi anoshanda nokutendeka zvinonakira sayenzi Russian.

Zvisinei, vashoma pakati nokugadzirwa akapiwa bvumidzwa muridzi pedyo natenzi uye kurudyi. Vazhinji vanodhirowa uye Layouts vakaramba kuona chido injiniya.

Ngatikurukurei zvinhu zvishoma kuti tega Kulibin, asi haana patented.

Paddle mvura injini

Muzana remakore rechi18 Burlatskii mubayiro basa raiva imwe rakajairika nzira kufamba kumatare pamusoro aibuda nzizi, uyewo mumvura isina kudzika.

Ivan akasarudza kuvasunungura vanhu kubva pakutambura uye kuzozivisa ari steamship mubhizimisi ouinjiniya utsanzi - Vane motokari. kushanda musimboti Its kwakavakirwa magadzirirwo kufamba ngarava vachishandisa zvimiso uye tambo - zvikanyauka kuna kure mberi chikepe netambo vakapakata chikepe. Uye apo mumwe chikepe nhumbi "akanga" nokukanda mumwe - uye zvichingodaro-mutsetse.

Kulibin rwakakwaniswa mugadziriro. Zvino, pane vashandi kuti tambo kunochera mudziyo waiva injini (yaiva vhiri ne mashizha 2) kushandisa mvura simba. Zvinoita nyore uye aiva design, izvo achaponesa simba nemazana vakwasvi, uye Entrepreneurs - mazana mari. Zvisinei, kunyange pashure vanobudirira bvunzo kufamba muchikepe ane 65-Tew matani jecha kurimwa mari haana.

Zvinosuruvarisa, ichi hachisi chinhu bedzi tega Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, asi akanga asingagoni kuisa kugadzirwa.

Erevheta nokuti Empress

Kuchembera Catherine II haawanzotauri vakatamira panguva furati of Winter Palace. Naizvozvo Kulibin akapiwa basa rinokosha - kuuya pamwe erifiti nokuda Empress pachake.

Winch kuti amusimudze haana kupindura huru mamiriro yokugadziridza netambo kusvikira kumusoro ari Palace zvaisambobvumirwa. musayendisiti unyanzvi vakauya mashandiro rakafanana nebasa hofisi cheya kana tightening kuti nati: Muranda akatendeuka mubato, uye sikuruwa rotates iri ruoko, vanomutswa uye akakotamisa chigaro. Zvinosuruvarisa zvokuimba vachasimudza nhasi kwete akararama. Pakafa Catherine II sezvo asingabatsiri paakavigwa chidhinha, uye kodzero rakanyorwa kuti kukura kwayo Kulibin haana akamuka. Aiva mumwe musoro kuti tega Kulibin, asi ndinofunga mwana wavo vakasagona.

zambuko

Kana chiratidzo Catherine II haana kukundikana naye panguva iyoyo, zvaionekwa kuti kurudyi ndiyewo muvambi bhiriji bhizimisi St. Petersburg.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, Ivan akava chaizvo aiva zvakagadzirwa chete-span zambuko. On kuvamba ake, akashanda zvakawanda 30 makore! Pasinei kushaya zvakakodzera ruzivo wemasvomhu uye wefizikisi, iye, nokusaziva, nenzira inoshanda kwakativhurira mitemo mitsva. The nani guru zambuko ndechokuti pasi payo vasingagoni kuyambuka zvikepe spilivaya mutambo wavo.

Euler Great, vachiongorora vanodhirowa tenzi akanga kushamiswa kushaya zvikanganiso uye zvikanganiso mavari. Potemkin pachake akasarudzwa mari kuvaka muenzaniso zambuko, asi kutsigira nemari iyi yapera.

Uye makore 30 gare gare, yakakurumbira mapurani aiva Town Bridge, kwete I. Kulibin kuti tega zambuko ichi.

"Sekuru" mumotokari

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Ivan Petrovich tega kuzvipira propelled pawiricheya. In chitarisiko zviri chaizvo wakafanana motokari, asi nheyo kushanda yakanga yakasiyana. Pawiricheya kunganzi munhu vakaberekwa bhasikoro uye ngoro, sezvo chaizvoizvo inotungamirira munhu nokutsikirira pasi chitiviri. Kugadzirwa kwenguva yakati akashanda nechitoyi nokuda vepamusoro, asi kuti dzinotsigira kugadzirwa kwayo iye anoda uye haana kuzviratidza. Vanodhirowa "motokari sekuru" akanyura mugomba yokukanganwa, akatambanudza kusvikira ikozvino.

Regai kunyonganisa stroller kuti tega Kulibin uye veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. kuvamba ake rakakura zvikuru uye kunakidza: gwanza maviri, uye munguva yechando veloekipazh ikava Sled. Ndinoda kuona inonakidza zvakafanana: Leonty Shamshurenkova kukura kugadzirwa uye hapana akanga kuroorana, uye mifananidzo yake zvigadzirwa vakarasika.

Wokutanga prosthesis

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi19 Kulibin akapa Academy of Sciences revashandi "utsanzi"! Prosthesis simulates rezasi richiripo. Chokutanga chaiva kuvakwa bvunzo Nepeytsyn - iye akarasikirwa gumbo riri kurwisa Ochakov, uye zvino basa rake rechiuto rakanga derailed! Zvisinei, Ivan Kulibin kuti tega gumbo rake idzva, uye akapa kutanga kune kukunda ake itsva! Somugumisiro, Nepeytsyn kwaitsigirwa kune makuru rwevanhu uye akapiwa kusetsa remadunhu- Iron gumbo.

Spotlight hurongwa nezvekutanga ngarava, Manyiminya neteregirafu, chirongwa resimbi zambuko pamusoro Volga - duku pasi zvinhu tega Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Photos uye vanodhirowa vazhinji vavo, zvinosuwisa, kwete vakapona. Zvisinei, kukudzwa uye kuyeuka murume uyu anoshamisa vanofanira nguva dzose kuramba mumwoyo yedu!