Emperor Haile Selassie I: Biography, vana, mapikicha, akatorwa

The wokupedzisira mambo Ethiopia, anodzingwa mune zvemauto akabvuta chigaro muna 1974, Haile Selassie I, aiva mutongi zvikuru nharo. Panguva yake muhofisi, akava nomukurumbira ane chinoziva uye kushingaira mambo, vane nyika haisi chete vasina munhu Colony, asi akava azere nhengo United Nations Organization.

gakava mutongi

Haile Selassie I akabata utariri zvinzvimbo kubvira 1906, paaiva nemakore 15 okuberekwa. At 25, akagamuchira zita mugari wenhaka korona, uye regent uye chaizvoizvo akava mutongi weItiopia kuti autocratic. autocracy ichi kwemakore 58.

Over akadaro kwenguva yakareba, Ethiopia yabudirira kuzivikanwa dzakawanda, vakava nhengo masangano akawanda uye zvibvumirano uye vakakwanisa kudzivisa kuedza akakunda chikamu Italy. Haile Selassie I akarongeka uye kutungamirirwa nomudzimu Organization African Unity, uyo akazova African Union.

Nokuti chiremera chake uye mutemo rusununguko vanhu vainamata mambo wavo. Vakazvarwa mumakore ake pamukwidzwa choumambo Rastafarianism vaiona kwaari pachake Jah Mwari. The zvechitendero sangano inotumidzwa zita rayo kuti zita kuti Haile Selassie aipfeka kuti kugadzwa. Asi hazvisi zvinhu zvose zvakanga nyore.

Paitonga Haile Selassie I weEtiopia akaramba murombo mamiriro, vanotambura nezvirwere uye nzara, pasinei kupfuura rubatsiro rwakakwana kubva US uye UK, uye USSR. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vake nenzara, mambo aiva mumwe vakapfuma varume nguva, kwete chete muna Africa asi munyika yose. Hazvishamisi kuti kurwisana kwakadaro zvakakonzera hunyambiri maonero unhu hwake munhau.

mazita

The zita rakapiwa ramangwana pamambo nevabereki vake - Tafari. Zita iri rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro Ge'ez se "uyo anofanira kuremekedzwa uye vakatya." Somwana mumhuri anokudzwa, mugari wenhaka ramangwana vanofanira kunge asati zita chinzvimbo - Lidge, uye pashure wechitatu zita rababa vake uye, dzimwe nguva, sekuru vake. Saka, zita rokupedzisira mambo sezvinotevera: Lidge Tafari Mekonnyn Voldemikael. Paakabhabhatidzwa, Tafari raiva zita rinoyera Haile Selassie, iro rinoshandurudzwa rinoreva "simba Utatu."

Wakatora pamusoro basa mumwe munzvimbo Ethiopia, uye gare gare akava mugari wenhaka pachigaro, mutongi yemberi ane chinzvimbo mutsva - marudzi, yakaenzana muchinda Russian kana Western Prince. Zvino akakumbirwa Tafari Mekonnyn marudzi. Iri ndiro zita rakapiwa zita Rastafarianism.

Zvaakanga akwira choumambo, Ras Tafari aifanira kutora zvitsva youmambo rokuremekedza. Akasarudza zita raakapiwa paakabhabhatidzwa, uye akava Mambo Haile Selassie 1. autocratic mambo wakazara unoti aiva: Mambo Kings, mutungamiriri naanamai, shumba - Kumukundi worudzi rwaJudha, Imperial wake mambo, vasanangurwa vaMwari uye chiedza chenyika.

Haile Selassie I: Biography, makore okutanga

ramangwana mambo The akaberekwa July 23, 1892 mune mumwe musha muduku Edzhersa goro Harar province. Aiva mwana chegumi nenhangemutange Mekonnyna, hama Kesari weItiopia Menelik II. baba Haile Selassie aiva gavhuna Harar, mukuru wamauto muItiopiya uye yamambo mubatsiri. Mekonnyna chigaro wakaburuka kubva Mambo Soromoni Mambokadzi weShebha.

Nokuda yakakwirira panzvimbo yacho munharaunda, marudzi Mekonnyn akakwanisa kupa mwanakomana wake ane dzidzo yakanaka. Pakutanga Kudzidziswa mukomana wacho anotora Domestic Mubatsiri, ipapo mumongi pamusoro Order of capuchin, uye pashure - musayendisiti kubva Guadeloupe mavambo French. Pazera makore 13 Tafari ane idzva rokuti - dedzhazmach, izvo rinoenderana European Count. Ipapo Tafari aiva wokutanga utariri ruzivo uye akagadzwa gavhuna duku Selaga province. Pazera makore 15, Tafari akanga kudzora muruwa Sidamo, asi mumakore 18 akatanga kutonga chizvarwa Harar.

regency

Zvaakanga ari mumusha amachinda kutarisira Tafari akafunga kuti zvimwe nguva kugara Imperial mudare. Mushure accession pachigaro itsva Emperor Ieyasu V hukama pakati musoro nyika uye Tafari zvinooneka dzaserera, iye kunyange akarasikirwa pambiru yake sezvo gavhuna Harar.

Ieyasu V akava Emperor vataure pachena tsitsi kwavo Islam uye vakava kunyange kupfeka ngowani, vachivhundutsira kudana Ethiopia - mumwe marudzi enyika yokutanga yechiKristu - Islam. Vavariro yakadaro zvakaipa akatya dare, uye vari kushandisa muna 1916 pamusoro kwekanguva kusavapo mambo, muchechi kwaari, Akabviswa uye akaisa pachigaro tete vake, akagadza Tafari regent uye akamupa zita nhangemutange.

Somunhu regent kusvikira 1930, Ras Tafari akaita zvinhu zvakawanda, ramakagadzwa anokudzwa zvikuru vemauto kuchinja uye kuchinja mudzimba uye dzimwe negwaro. Tafari Mekonnyn akamutsa padanho dzidzo, akagadza chikuru kwezvivako uye zvinopa haasaruri kurambidzwa kwouranda. Iye akasaina zvibvumirwano nyika zhinji munzvimbo uye nyika simba uye akasunda kuburikidza Ethiopia kune League of Nations.

Paakakwira Choumambo

Pakapera 1930 ari regent yakanga korona uye kuvakwa muEtiopiya choumambo sezvo Haile Selassie I. kugadzwa kwake vakapinda kwete chete vose muEtiopiya vakakwirira, asiwo vamiririri kutonga echelons ose inoti dzakawanda dzeEurope. In rukudzo kutora korona Photo Haile Selassie I yakabudiswa Times magazini pakavha.

Emperor nadzurudzo

Kuchinja mitemo chamambo itsva kakawanda kare kushora zvikuru tsika dzechinyakare uye kuchinja pfungwa iri kuchengetedza nemhedziso umambo. Kunyange wokurera muna 1931, yokutanga munhoroondo muEtiopiya reMitemo rinozivisa mhedziso nesimba mambo uye haufi.

Haile Selassie I akasika munhu paramende bicameral. Yepamusoro Emperor Seneti akagoverwa vakazvimiririra uye vanosarudzwa pakati dzakaderera akaturikidzana kutonga kwamachinda. Sei kuti zvikurumidze vatendeuke vangatarira, vakati vachigere kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu zvavo navaItiopia.

Vachinetsana Italy

Pakutanga October 1935 Italy pakarepo vakatanga uto Varwisei Ethiopia, kutyora nemiganhu yayo, kutamira kubva Eritrea mhiri rwizi Mareb uye kubva Somalia yakananga Harar. Haile Selassie yakazivisa neimwewo kuunganidza.

Pasinei nokuti hondo vapedza muhombe kuchinja, mauto muEtiopiya kwave chose kugadzirira hombe kurwa havana zvombo inorema. Against matangi, flamethrowers, bhomba mabara , uye kunyange zvombo namakemikari vaItiopia vakanga vakabata chete pfuti nzira. Vakawanda vamiririri hondo kwemashifiti akaenda kundorwa namapfumo uye minondo.

Pasinei nokuti mambo pachake akatungamirira mauto ake kuhondo, pakati 1936 vaItiopia vakakurirwa, uye Haile Selassie I, vana, vazukuru uye dzepedyo chamambo vakatiza dzakapararira. MuItiopiya vanhu mwoyo uye mwoyo mutongi yakasarurwa.

Pavaiva muutapwa, mambo anoramba achitsvaka rubatsiro kubva US, UK uye dzimwe nyika. Muhurukuro yake panguva Council of League of Nations Haile Selassie, akatorwa iyo ipapo akaenda mabhuku ose anokosha, akashora zvakasimba kushandiswa kwemakemikari zvombo kubudikidza Italy. Muna 1940, kutsigira UK, akadzokera Ethiopia.

Kusagutsikana muEthiopia

Kubvira 1941, mambo vaidzoka akatungamirira hondo kuti kusunungurwa Ethiopia uye muna 1943 makapwanya wokupedzisira yemuna kuItaly mauto nemadzinza avo wokuItiopiya kutsigira. Zvisinei, mukurumbira Haile Selassie rave vasanyanya, uye simba rake putswa. Mukuedza kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kutsvaga rutsigiro kwete vakakwirira, asiwo vanhu Kesari akabata wandei zvinhu, izvo wakaparadza uranda, vakwanise Ethiopia kuti vasanangurwa vamiririri yepazasi imba yeparamende, paakazivisa rusununguko rwokutaura uye neungano.

Zvisinei, Haile Selassie handina kugadzirira kupa simba mhedziso Naizvozvo, makasimbiswa zvinotyisa utongi midziyo, izvo haabvumirwi kunakidzwa kodzero dzinokosha uye kudzivirira enyika norusununguko.

Hazvishamisi kuti pakati vanhu, uyewo Kusagutsikana akakura pakati vakakwirira. Mazhinji nzara Wollo mudunhu, izvo kwakauraya upenyu zviuru veItiopia, kusavapo zvinokosha kuchinja varikutonga bazi uye kuramba peutongi hweudzvanyiriri mambo kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti muna 1960 pakanga nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba, izvo akabatana Crown Prince Asfa Uosen. Haile Selassie Ndakakwanisa kudzvinyirira kupandukira, asi kusagutsikana pamwe utungamiriri hwake haana kurega kubika.

The chimurenga muEthiopia

Mumakore akatevera makore 13 yokusagutsikana veItiopia zvose akakura kusvikira muna 1974 somugumisiro vakaregeredza mafungiro kuvanhu kwete nenjodzi yakaitika munyika. Nzara kuwedzera auraya vanopfuura zviuru 200 vanhu, uye vamwe vakanga vatarisana yokupona. Mauto kubva munyika akabvunza kuwedzera zvavo kugutsikana, vakanga vachitsigirwa vashandi uye vadzidzi. Somugumisiro munhu yepamutemo ungano Haile Selassie ndakanga kunyimwa simba chaiyo uye rayo midziyo muhurumende rakaparadzwa. Panzvimbo hurumende vakasvika hondo, chisarudzo rokutanga raiva kusungwa kwemhuri yose youmambo.

Muna August 1975, hurumende mauto rakazivisa pakarepo chirwere yaimbova mambo. Akafa musi wa27 August aine makore 83 kuti asingazivikanwi zvikonzero. Kuferefeta haina basa, uye muviri hauna kupiwa ive kuvhuya chitunha. Vazhinji vanofungidzirwa kuti yaimbova Emperor Haile Selassie I adzipwa kumukira mutungamiri Mengistu Haile Mariam.